Cited by 168Mass Spectrometry Techniques and ApplicationsAdvanced Proteomics Techniques and ApplicationsMetabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies

Defining the Stoichiometry and Cargo Load of Viral and Bacterial Nanoparticles by Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

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Snijder, Joost, van de Waterbeemd, Michiel, Damoc, Eugen, Denisov, Eduard, Grinfeld, Dmitry, Bennett, Antonette, Agbandje-McKenna, Mavis, Makarov, Alexander +1 more·2014·Journal of the American Chemical Society

Abstract

Accurate mass analysis can provide useful information on the stoichiometry and composition of protein-based particles, such as virus-like assemblies. For applications in nanotechnology and medicine, such nanoparticles are loaded with foreign cargos, making accurate mass information essential to define the cargo load. Here, we describe modifications to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer that enable high mass analysis of several virus-like nanoparticles up to 4.5 MDa in mass. This allows the accurate determination of the composition of virus-like particles. The modified instrument is utilized to determine the cargo load of bacterial encapsulin nanoparticles that were engineered to encapsulate foreign cargo proteins. We find that encapsulin packages from 8 up to 12 cargo proteins, thereby quantifying cargo load but also showing the ensemble spread. In addition, we determined the previously unknown stoichiometry of the three different splice variants of the capsid protein in adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsids, showing that symmetry is broken and assembly is heterogeneous and stochastic. These results demonstrate the potential of high-resolution mass analysis of protein-based nanoparticles, with widespread applications in chemical biology and nanotechnology.

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  • Mass spectrometry analysis of AAV1 showed that incorporation of VP1, VP2 and VP3 into the virus capsid was stochastic and likely related to the rate of expression of each VP.

    “More recently, mass spectrometry analysis of AAV1 by an orbitrap mass spectrometer showed that the incorporation of VP1, VP2 and VP3 into the virus capsid was stochastic and likely related to the rate of expression of each VP [30].”

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Cited by

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Authors
Snijder, J., van de Waterbeemd, M., Damoc, E., Denisov, E., Grinfeld, D., Bennett, A., Agbandje-McKenna, M., Makarov, A., & Heck, A. J. R.
Affiliations
  • Utrecht University (NL)
  • Utrecht University , , Padualaan 8 , ,
  • Thermo Fisher Scientific (Germany) (DE)
  • University of Florida (US)
  • University of Florida , , , ,
Corresponding author
Heck, Albert J. R.
Venue
Journal of the American Chemical Society
Published
2014-05-01
Volume
136
Issue
20
Pages
7295-7299
ISSN
  • 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5126
OpenAlex
W2006244553
Cited by
168
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 1
FWCI
6.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (R01 GM109524)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Keywords
virus-like nanoparticles, cargo load, stoichiometry, protein nanoparticles, protein encapsulation
MeSH terms
Dependovirus, Bacteria, Bacterial Proteins, Capsid, Mass Spectrometry, Nanoparticles

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