Controlled Polymerization of Next-Generation Renewable Monomers and Beyond
Abstract
Natural molecular biomass plays an important role in the field of renewable polymers, as they can be directly used or derivatized as monomers for controlled polymerization, in a way similar to many petroleum-derived monomers. We deliver this perspective primarily based on a monomer approach. Biomass-derived monomers are separated into four major categories according to their natural resource origins: (1) oxygen-rich monomers including carboxylic acids (lactic acid, succinic acid, itaconic acid, and levulinic acid) and furan; (2) hydrocarbon-rich monomers including vegetable oils, fatty acids, terpenes, terpenoids and resin acids; (3) hydrocarbon monomers (bio-olefins); and (4) non-hydrocarbon monomers (carbon dioxide). A variety of emerging synthetic tools (controlled polymerization and click chemistry) are particularly summarized. An overview on future opportunities and challenges, which are critical to promote biorefinery in the production of renewable chemicals and polymers, is given.
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The majority of aliphatic lactones that have been polymerized are derived from fossil fuels or from prohibitively expensive natural products.
“Although myriad aliphatic lactones with diverse structures have been polymerized, the majority of these monomers have been derived from fossil fuels or from prohibitively expensive natural products.”
From Aliphatic Polyester Block Polymer Design (2016) · cites this paper as [23]
Commercial lactic acid was mainly derived from the fermentation of sugars by bacteria.
“In the beginning, commercial lactic acid was mainly derived from the fermentation of sugars by bacteria [23].”
From Synthesis and Biological Application of Polylactic Acid (2020) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Yao, K., & Tang, C.
- Affiliations
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tang, Chuanbing
- ORCID
- Tang, Chuanbing
- Venue
- Macromolecules
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2013-02-28
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1689-1712
- ISSN
- 0024-9297 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5835
- OpenAlex
- W2326593369
- Cited by
- 485
- References
- 253
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 24
- FWCI
- 20.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Macromolecules (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
- Keywords
- controlled polymerization, biomass-derived monomers, bio-based polymers, click chemistry, lactic acid, succinic acid, itaconic acid, levulinic acid, furan, vegetable oils, fatty acids, terpenes, terpenoids, resin acids, carbon dioxide, biorefinery, renewable chemicals
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