Cited by 1,154Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysisbiodegradable polymer synthesis and propertiesOrganometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis

Discrete Metal‐Based Catalysts for the Copolymerization of CO2 and Epoxides: Discovery, Reactivity, Optimization, and Mechanism

Coates, Geoffrey W., Moore, David R.·2004·Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Abstract

Most synthetic polymers are made from petroleum feedstocks. Given the non‐renewable nature of these materials, there is increasing interest in developing routes to polymeric materials from renewable resources. In addition, there is a growing demand for biodegradable polymeric materials. Polycarbonates made from CO 2 and epoxides have the potential to meet these goals. Since the discovery of catalysts for the copolymerization of CO 2 and epoxides in the late 1960's by Inoue, a significant amount of research has been directed toward the development of catalysts of improved activity and selectivity. Reviewed here are well‐defined catalysts for epoxide–CO 2 copolymerization and related reactions.

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Crossref · 10.1002/anie.200460442

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  • Upcycling of waste gases such as CO2 to useful and valuable plastics has long been of interest, and the ROCP of epoxides and CO2 represents one of the most successful examples of CO2 utilization in polymer synthesis.

    “Upcycling of waste gases such as CO2 to useful and valuable plastics has long been of interest to researchers, and the ROCP of epoxides and CO2 represents one of the most successful examples of CO2 utilization in polymer synthesis.83,[344][345][346][347][348][349][350][351][352]”

    From Catalysis as an Enabling Science for Sustainable Polymers (2018) · cites this paper as [344]

  • Although the exact mechanism for each catalytic system may vary, ROCP of epoxide with CO2 or cyclic anhydride generally follows the coordination-insertion mechanism.

    “Although the exact mechanism for each catalytic system may vary, ROCP of epoxide with CO2 or cyclic anhydride generally follows the coordination-insertion mechanism shown in Scheme 14. 344”

    From Catalysis as an Enabling Science for Sustainable Polymers (2018) · cites this paper as [344]

  • The polymerization is initiated by the nucleophilic attack of a ligand (X) or an exogenous nucleophile onto a coordinated epoxide.

    “The polymerization is initiated by the nucleophilic attack of a ligand (X) or an exogenous nucleophile onto a coordinated epoxide.”

    From Catalysis as an Enabling Science for Sustainable Polymers (2018) · cites this paper as [344]

  • Chain propagation proceeds by the alternative insertion of epoxide and CO2 (or cyclic anhydride) to the metal-oxygen chain end, which leads to the desired formation of polycarbonate (or polyesters) backbones.

    “Chain propagation proceeds by the alternative insertion of epoxide and CO2 (or cyclic anhydride) to the metal-oxygen chain end, which leads to the desired formation of polycarbonate (or polyesters) backbones.”

    From Catalysis as an Enabling Science for Sustainable Polymers (2018) · cites this paper as [344]

  • This leads to a metal bound alkoxide to which CO2 (or cyclic anhydride) readily inserts to form a metal carbonate (or carboxylate) species.

    “This leads to a metal bound alkoxide to which CO2 (or cyclic anhydride) readily inserts to form a metal carbonate (or carboxylate) species.”

    From Catalysis as an Enabling Science for Sustainable Polymers (2018) · cites this paper as [344]

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Authors
Coates, G. W., & Moore, D. R.
Affiliations
Cornell University (US)
Corresponding author
Coates, Geoffrey W.
Venue
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2004-12-08
Volume
43
Issue
48
Pages
6618-6639
ISSN
  • 1433-7851 (ISSN-L)
  • 1521-3773
OpenAlex
W2161652710
Cited by
1,154
References
168
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 78 · 2013: 94 · 2012: 70
FWCI
30.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Process Chemistry and Technology › Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
Keywords
CO2/epoxide copolymerization, metal catalysts, polycarbonate, biodegradable polymers, renewable raw materials, catalyst discovery, catalyst reactivity, reaction mechanism, catalyst optimization

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