Triple‐Shape Polymeric Composites (TSPCs)
Abstract
In this paper, the fabrication and characterization of triple‐shape polymeric composites (TSPCs) that, unlike traditional shape memory polymers (SMPs), are capable of fixing two temporary shapes and recovering sequentially from the first temporary shape (shape 1) to the second temporary shape (shape 2), and eventually to the permanent shape (shape 3) upon heating, are reported. This is technically achieved by incorporating non‐woven thermoplastic fibers (average diameter ∼760 nm) of a low‐ T m semicrystalline polymer into a T g ‐based SMP matrix. The resulting composites display two well‐separated transitions, one from the glass transition of the matrix and the other from the melting of the fibers, which are subsequently used for the fixing/recovery of two temporary shapes. Three thermomechanical programming processes with different shape fixing protocols are proposed and explored. The intrinsic versatility of this composite approach enables an unprecedented large degree of design flexibility for functional triple‐shape polymers and systems.
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Alternative methods for creating multiple, well-separated switching transitions in one system consist of laminating two SMPs with well-separated transition temperatures or developing hybrid SMPs with multiple thermal transitions.
“Alternative methods for creating multiple, well-separated switching transitions in one system consist of laminating two SMPs which have well-separated transition temperatures [76,77] or of developing hybrid SMPs with multiple thermal transitions [78-81].”
From Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
Electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber mat with a low melting transition immersed into a glass transition type shape memory epoxy matrix has two separated thermal transitions: one from the glass transition of the epoxy and the other from the melting of the polycaprolactone fibers.
“Fig. 10(I) shows the elastic modulus profiles which indicate the two separated thermal transitions of the composites.One is from the glass transition of the epoxy and the other from the melting of the polycaprolactone fibers.”
From A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites (2013) · cites this paper as [459]
The composite of electrospun PCL nanofibers in shape memory epoxy shows triple SME.
“Fig. 10(II) shows the triple SME of the composite.”
From A review of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymer composites (2013) · cites this paper as [459]
Luo and co-workers embedded non-woven PCL fibers into a Tg-depending matrix (epoxy-based copolymer thermoset with Tg from 20 °C to 45 °C) offering well-controlled systems with large degree of flexibility.
“An year later, Luo and co-workers embedded non-woven PCL fibers into a Tg-depending matrix (epoxy-based copolymer thermoset with a Tg from 20 ° C to 45 ° C) offering well-controlled systems with large degree of flexibility [75].”
From Shape-memory polymers for multiple applications in the materials world (2016) · cites this paper as [75]
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- Authors
- Luo, X., & Mather, P. T.
- Affiliations
- Syracuse University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mather, Patrick T.
- ORCID
- Mather, Patrick T.
- Venue
- Advanced Functional Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-07
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 2649-2656
- ISSN
- 1616-301X (ISSN-L)
- 1616-3028
- OpenAlex
- W2153772642
- Cited by
- 276
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 18.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advanced Functional Materials (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Keywords
- shape memory polymers, thermoplastic fibers, semicrystalline polymers, glass transition, fiber melting, polymer composites
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