Carbon-Nanotube-Embedded Hydrogel Sheets for Engineering Cardiac Constructs and Bioactuators
Open accessAbstract
We engineered functional cardiac patches by seeding neonatal rat cardiomyocytes onto carbon nanotube (CNT)-incorporated photo-cross-linkable gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels. The resulting cardiac constructs showed excellent mechanical integrity and advanced electrophysiological functions. Specifically, myocardial tissues cultured on 50 μm thick CNT-GelMA showed 3 times higher spontaneous synchronous beating rates and 85% lower excitation threshold, compared to those cultured on pristine GelMA hydrogels. Our results indicate that the electrically conductive and nanofibrous networks formed by CNTs within a porous gelatin framework are the key characteristics of CNT-GelMA leading to improved cardiac cell adhesion, organization, and cell-cell coupling. Centimeter-scale patches were released from glass substrates to form 3D biohybrid actuators, which showed controllable linear cyclic contraction/extension, pumping, and swimming actuations. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time that cardiac tissues cultured on CNT-GelMA resist damage by a model cardiac inhibitor as well as a cytotoxic compound. Therefore, incorporation of CNTs into gelatin, and potentially other biomaterials, could be useful in creating multifunctional cardiac scaffolds for both therapeutic purposes and in vitro studies. These hybrid materials could also be used for neuron and other muscle cells to create tissue constructs with improved organization, electroactivity, and mechanical integrity.
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Coating hydrogels on electronics or mixing conductive materials such as CNTs, ionic liquids, or conductive polymers into the gel can maintain biocompatibility while preserving electronic properties.
“Coating hydrogels on electronics[55] or mixing conductive materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs),[56] ionic liquids,[57] or conductive polymers[58] into the gel can help maintain biocompatibility while also preserving the electronic properties.”
From Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics (2022) · cites this paper as [56]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Shin, S. R., Jung, S. M., Zalabany, M., Kim, K., Zorlutuna, P., Kim, S. B., Nikkhah, M., Khabiry, M., Azize, M., Kong, J., Wan, K.-T., Palacios, T., Dokmeci, M. R., Bae, H., Tang, X. (., & Khademhosseini, A.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Northeastern University (US)
- Kyung Hee University (KR)
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Tang, Xiaowu (Shirley)
- Khademhosseini, Ali
- ORCID
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2013-02-22
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 2369-2380
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- PMC
- PMC3609875
- OpenAlex
- W2111853718
- Cited by
- 946
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 101 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 82 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 22
- FWCI
- 62.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- ACS Nano (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL092836, HL-099073, R01HL099073, R01HL092836)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR057837, R01AR057837)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (EB02597)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Keywords
- carbon nanotubes, gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel, cardiac patch, cardiac tissue engineering, cardiomyocytes, biohybrid actuators, electrical conductivity, cardiac electrophysiology, cell adhesion, cell coupling, cardiac scaffolds, nanofibrous networks, tissue engineering biomaterials
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Extracellular Matrix, Gelatin, Myocardium, Hydrogels, Tissue Engineering, Myocytes, Cardiac, Nanotechnology, Nanotubes, Carbon, Biomimetic Materials, Rats, Tissue Scaffolds
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