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Influence of Shock Training and Explicit Fear-Conditioned Cues on Sleep Architecture in Mice: Strain Comparison
Abstract
Fear conditioning is thought to model anticipatory anxiety. Inbred mouse strains exhibit different levels of reactivity to aversive environmental stimuli, which may reflect anxiety. We examined the effects of fear conditioning on sleep in mouse strains that differ on behavioral measures of anxiety. Mice (BALB/cJ [C], C57BL/6J [B6], CB6F1/J [CB6], n = 7-10 per strain) were implanted with transmitters for recording sleep by telemetry. Baseline sleep was recorded, and the mice were trained to associate a cue (tone) with footshock (15 cue-shock pairings on 4 consecutive days). Sleep was recorded after shock training and again 4 to 5 days later after presentation of the cue alone. Shock training produced a relatively selective suppression of rapid eye movement sleep (REM) that was greater in the C strain compared to the B6 and CB6 mice. Post-training exposure to the cue alone suppressed REM in all strains. The C strain exhibited a relatively greater immediate suppression of REM, and the CB6 hybrid mice showed the greatest overall suppression of REM. These data demonstrate that stimuli associated with an aversive event can alter sleep and suppress REM in much the same way as exposure to the event itself. Fear conditioning may provide a model for examining genetic and neural mechanisms underlying the influence of anxiety on sleep.
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Clonidine during SWS-rich retention impaired specifically emotional memory processing.
“In a subsequent study, clonidine infused during a SWS-rich period of retention sleep appeared to impair specifically emotional memory processing (1031).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [1031]
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Self-citationMachida, M., Sutton, A. M., Williams, B. L., Wellman, L. L., & Sanford, L. D. (2019) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz147 · Cited by 10
Self-citationDifferential effects of lorazepam on sleep and activity in C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ strain mice
Tang, X., Yang, L., Fishback, N. F., & Sanford, L. D. (2009) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00736.x · Cited by 9
Self-citationTransient fear-induced alterations in evoked release of norepinephrine and GABA in amygdala slices
Liu, X., Lónárt, G., & Sanford, L. D. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.038 · Cited by 9
Self-citationPain sensitivity increases with sleep disturbance under predictable chronic mild stress in mice
Dalanon, J., Chikahisa, S., Shiuchi, T., Shimizu, N., Chavan, P., Suzuki, Y., Okura, K., Séi, H., & Matsuka, Y. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93560-7 · Cited by 8
Translational Models of Sleep and Sleep Disorders
Doran, S. M., Wessel, T. C., Kilduff, T. S., Turek, F. W., & Renger, J. J. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-373861-5.00012-6 · Cited by 8
Sleep architecture and regulation of male dusky antechinus, an Australian marsupial
Zaid, E., Vyssotski, A. L., & Lesku, J. A. (2022) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsac114 · Cited by 8
Mild Transient Hypercapnia as a Novel Fear Conditioning Stimulus Allowing Re-Exposure during Sleep
McDowell, A. L., Filippone, A. B., Balbir, A., Germain, A., & O'Donnell, C. P. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067435 · Cited by 6
Social partnering alters sleep in fear-conditioned Wistar rats
DaSilva, J. K., Husain, E., Lei, Y., Mann, G. L., Morrison, A. R., & Tejani‐Butt, S. M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186017 · Cited by 6
Self-citationCiavarra, R. P., Machida, M., Lundberg, P. S., Gauronskas, P. J., Wellman, L. L., Steel, C., Aflatooni, J. O., & Sanford, L. D. (2018) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.02.014 · Cited by 6
Self-citationThe Amygdala as a Mediator of Sleep and Emotion in Normal and Disordered States
Sanford, L. D., Adkins, A. M., & Wellman, L. L. (2022) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2106163 · Cited by 5
Self-citationTelemetry in Mice: Applications in Studies of Stress and Anxiety Disorders
Sanford, L. D., Yang, L., & Wellman, L. L. (2011) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-313-4_3 · Cited by 4
Self-citationHairston, I. S. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420168-2.00037-5 · Cited by 4
Sleep and Memory Consolidation
Walker, M. P., & Stickgold, R. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-7584-0.00009-4 · Cited by 3
Comparison of REM sleep-deprivation methods: role of stress and validity of use
Suchecki, D., & Tufik, S. B. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511921179.039 · Cited by 3
Quantification of sleep in dairy cows in three different stages of lactation
Nilsson, E. (2011) · Epsilon Archive for Student Projects (University of Southampton) · Cited by 3
The role of REM sleep in emotional brain processing
Walker, M. P. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511921179.036 · Cited by 2
Wellman, L. L., Ross, R. J. M., & Sanford, L. D. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/64189 · Cited by 2
Self-citationWellman, L. L., Adkins, A. M., Yoon, H., Britten, R. A., & Sanford, L. D. (2022) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2748-8_11 · Cited by 2
Self-citationIntake of sucrose solution and paradoxical sleep deprivation in the rat
Pezzato, F. A., de Paula, H. M. G., Bosqueiro, J. R., & Hoshino, K. (2009) · Sleep Science · doi:10.1055/s-0046-1820479 · Cited by 2
Adkins, A. M., Boden, A. F., Singh, N., Luyo, Z. N. M., Britten, R. A., Wellman, L. L., & Sanford, L. D. (2026) · Radiation Research · doi:10.1667/rade-25-00092.1 · Cited by 1
Self-citationEffect of Stress on Sleep and Its Relationship to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Sanford, L. D., & Tang, X. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-329-9_11 · Cited by 1
Self-citationNeurobiological linkage between stress and sleep
Sanford, L. D., & Wellman, L. L. (2012) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.981788 · Cited by 1
Self-citationMcDowell, A. L., McKeon, A. B., Germain, A., & O'Donnell, C. P. (2015) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-015-0036-4 · Cited by 1
Sleep, Stress, and Traumatic Memory
Sanford, L. D., Wellman, L. L., Lónárt, G., & Ross, R. J. M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2814-5_7 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Sanford, L. D., Tang, X., Ross, R. J., & Morrison, A. R.
- Affiliations
- Eastern Virginia Medical School (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sanford, Larry D.
- Venue
- Behavior Genetics
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-58
- ISSN
- 0001-8244 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3297
- OpenAlex
- W139460844
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Behavior Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ns036694-04)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH061716, MH64827, MH 61716, R01MH064827)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS36694)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- fear conditioning, sleep architecture, REM sleep suppression, anticipatory anxiety, inbred mouse strains, BALB/cJ, C57BL/6J mice, hybrid mice, aversive stimuli, footshock
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Conditioning, Psychological, Cues, Electroshock, Fear, Genetics, Behavioral, Hybridization, Genetic, Male, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Sleep, Sleep, REM, Reflex, Startle, Telemetry, Time Factors, Mice
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