The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Measure of Subjective Happiness: Preliminary Reliability and Construct Validation
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“SWB was noted as a synonym of happiness,116”
From Review of 99 self-report measures for assessing well-being in adults: exploring dimensions of well-being and developments over time (2016) · cites this paper as [116]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
The satisfaction with life scale
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13 · Cited by 31,768
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126
Back-translation for cross-cultural research.
Brislin, R. W. (1970) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/135910457000100301 · Cited by 14,091
Flow: the psychology of optimal experience
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0597 · Cited by 12,654
Diener, E. (1984) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_2 · Cited by 12,609
The social readjustment rating scale
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(67)90010-4 · Cited by 11,560
ФАКТОРЫ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ ЛЮДЕЙ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА
Р., Н. М., & Ю., Б. С. (2026) · CyberLeninK (CyberLeninka) · doi:10.60797/irj.2026.170.43 · Cited by 7,969
Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies.
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219 · Cited by 6,690
Csíkszentmihályi, M. (1975) · Cited by 5,690
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Cummings, E. and W. E. Henry: 1961, Growing Old and the Process of Disengagement (Basic Book: New York).
- Diener, E.: 1996, ‘Subjectivewell-being and personality’, in D. Barone, M. Hesen and V. Van Hasselt (eds.), Advanced Personality (Plenum Press, New York).
- Eysenck, H. J. and S. B. G. Eysenck: 1975, Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Hodder & Stoughton, London), I.
- Freedman, J.: 1978, Happy People: What Happiness Is, Who Has It, and Why (Harcourt Brace Jovanovic, New York).
- Juster, F. T. and F. P. Stafford (eds.): 1985, Time, Goods, andWell-Being (Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,031 of 1,031
Chichekian, T., & Vallerand, R. J. (2021) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2021.102104 · Cited by 45
Stangl, F. J., Riedl, R., Kiemeswenger, R., & Montag, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1141663 · Cited by 39
Can principals’ emotional intelligence matter to school turnarounds?
Cai, Q. (2011) · International Journal of Leadership in Education · doi:10.1080/13603124.2010.512669 · Cited by 29
Hanano, M., Rith-Najarian, L., Boyd, M., & Chavira, D. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/30754 · Cited by 26
Foster, M. D. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.044 · Cited by 24
Campbell, A. J., Lanthier, R. P., Weiss, B. A., & Shaine, M. D. (2019) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling · doi:10.1080/23727810.2018.1556989 · Cited by 24
Happiness and depression in the traditionally bullied and cyberbullied 12-year-old
Uusitalo-Malmivaara, L., & Lehto, J. E. (2016) · Open Review of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/23265507.2016.1155168 · Cited by 23
A program evaluation of an in-school daily physical activity initiative for children and youth
Bremer, E., Graham, J. D., Veldhuizen, S., & Cairney, J. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5943-2 · Cited by 23
Zhang, Y., & Carciofo, R. (2021) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-021-00569-8 · Cited by 24
Merino, M. D., Facultad de Psicología, D. D. P., Privado, J., Gracia, Z., & Facultad de Psicología, D. D. M. D. L. C. D. C. (2015) · Salud mental · doi:10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2015.015 · Cited by 22
Feliu-Soler, A., Pérez-Aranda, A., Luciano, J. V., Demarzo, M., Mariño, M., Soler, J., Van Gordon, W., García-Campayo, J., & Montero-Marín, J. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01549-6 · Cited by 22
Smernoff, E., Mitnik, I., Kolodner, K., & Lev-ari, S. (2015) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2014.10.003 · Cited by 22
Spilg, E. G., Kuk, H., Ananny, L., McNeill, K., LeBlanc, V., Bauer, B. A., Sood, A., & Wells, P. S. (2022) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267240 · Cited by 21
Prosocial Spending and Subjective Well-Being: The Recipient Perspective
Zhang, W., Chen, M., Xie, Y., & Zhao, Z. (2018) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-017-9918-2 · Cited by 20
Jung, M., & Lee, M. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9111606 · Cited by 19
Parental expectations and adolescents’ happiness: the role of self-efficacy and connectedness
Zhang, F., & Yang, R. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02345-4 · Cited by 14
Smernoff, E., Mitnik, I., & Lev-ari, S. (2019) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.10.015 · Cited by 14
Trust Your Instincts: The Relationship Between Intuitive Decision Making And Happiness
Stevenson, S. S., & Hicks, R. E. (2016) · European Scientific Journal, ESJ · doi:10.19044/esj.2016.v12n11p463 · Cited by 13
The Experiential Approach Scale: Development and preliminary psychometric properties
Swails, J. A., Zettle, R. D., Burdsal, C. A., & Snyder, J. J. (2016) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-016-0188-x · Cited by 12
de Bruin, E. I., van der Meulen, R. T., de Wandeler, J., Zijlstra, B. J. H., Formsma, A. R., & Bögels, S. M. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1029-6 · Cited by 11
Crego, A., Yela, J. R., Gómez-Martínez, M. Á., Sánchez-Zaballos, E., & Vicente-Arruebarrena, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1597264 · Cited by 10
“The Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky and Lepper, 1999; Extremera and Fernández-Berrocal, 2014) was used.”
Crego, A., Yela, J. R., Ozores-Pérez, R., Riesco-Matías, P., & Gómez-Martínez, M. Á. (2022) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-022-00594-3 · Cited by 10
Carolan, S., Harris, P. R., Greenwood, K., & Cavanagh, K. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1733-2 · Cited by 9
A computerized adaptive testing advancing the measurement of subjective well-being
Wu, Y., Cai, Y., & Tu, D. (2019) · Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology · doi:10.1017/prp.2019.6 · Cited by 8
“…to measure SWB, such as the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), Affect Balance Scale (ABS; Bradburn, 1969), General Happiness Scale (GHS; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and the Short Happiness and Affect Research Protocol (SHARP; Stones et al., 1996).”
MethodVivre un décès périnatal en contexte de pandémie
de Montigny, F., Verdon, C., Pierce, T., René, C., Landry, I., Corno, G., Murphy, M., & Silverio, S. A. (2023) · Études sur la mort · doi:10.3917/eslm.159.0123 · Cited by 6
Navarrete, J., Colomer-Carbonell, A., Sanabria-Mazo, J. P., Luciano, J. V., Soler, J., García-Campayo, J., Demarzo, M., Montero-Marín, J., Bohlmeijer, E. T., Campos, D., et al. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.05.001 · Cited by 5
Impact of children’s purported past-life memories: a follow-up investigation of American cases
Pehlivanova, M., Cozzolino, P. J., & Tucker, J. B. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1473340 · Cited by 4
She, Y., Klimczak, K. S., Levin, M. E., & Liao, S. N. (2024) · Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 1 · doi:10.1145/3626252.3630805 · Cited by 3
Financial perceptions and subjective well-being among older adults
Jafari Bidgoli, M., Gregg, A., Stager, C. G., & Crowther, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1709795 · Cited by 2
A Practical Guide to Positive Functioning Assessment in Clinical Psychology
Joseph, S., & Patterson, T. G. (2016) · The Wiley Handbook of Positive Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/9781118468197.ch4 · Cited by 2
Spanish adaptation of the experiential approach scale (Eas)
Reyes-Martín, S., Hernández-López, M., & Rodríguez-Valverde, M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182412873 · Cited by 2
“Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS [23]; Spanish version [24]).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- ORCID
- Lyubomirsky, Sonja
- Venue
- Social Indicators Research
- Published
- 1999-02
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 137-155
- ISSN
- 0303-8300 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0921
- OpenAlex
- W1800216240
- Cited by
- 4,071
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 187 · 2025: 292 · 2024: 336 · 2023: 310 · 2022: 304 · 2021: 324 · 2020: 364 · 2019: 256 · 2018: 250 · 2017: 207 · 2016: 217 · 2015: 202 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 142 · 2012: 134
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Social Indicators Research (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- subjective happiness, Subjective Happiness Scale, happiness measurement, scale development, reliability statistics, construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, cross-cultural validation, older adults, students, community-dwelling adults
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
