Cited by 682Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Revision and Restandardization of the Conners Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS-R): Factor Structure, Reliability, and Criterion Validity

Conners, C. Keith, Sitarenios, Gill, Parker, James D. A., Epstein, Jeffery N.·1998·Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology

DOI 10.1023/a:1022606501530

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The Conners Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS) is a commonly used research and clinical tool for assessing children's behavior in the classroom. The present study introduces the revised CTRS (CTRS-R) which improves on the original CTRS by (1) establishing normative data from a large, representative North American sample, (2) deriving a factor structure using advanced statistical techniques, and (3) updating the item content to reflect current conceptualizations of childhood disorders. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a six-factor structure was found which includes Hyperactivity-Impulsivity, Perfectionism, Inattention/Cognitive Problems, Social Problems, Oppositionality, and Anxious/Shy factors. The reliability of the scale, as measured by test-retest correlations and internal consistency, is generally satisfactory. Using all of the scale factors to discriminate between attention deficit hyperactivity disordered and normal children, 85 percent of children were correctly classified, supporting the validity of the scale and indicating excellent clinical utility. Similarities and differences between the original CTRS factor structure and the CTRS-R factor structure are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1023/a:1022606501530

Cites

62 of 62 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Comparative fit indexes in structural models.
Bentler, P. M. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238 · Cited by 25,266
Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588 · Cited by 19,933
EQS : structural equations program manual
Bentler, P. M. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,669
The standards for educational and psychological testing.
Eignor, D. R. (2013) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14047-013 · Cited by 6,985
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment
Barkley, R. A., & Poillion, M. J. (1994) · Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/019874299401900205 · Cited by 4,635
Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size.
Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.391 · Cited by 3,953
The Scientific Use of Factor Analysis in Behavioral and Life Sciences
Cattell, R. B. (1978) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2262-7 · Cited by 2,165
The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. (1984) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02294170 · Cited by 1,775
A Teacher Rating Scale for Use in Drug Studies with Children
Conners, C. K. (1969) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.126.6.884 · Cited by 1,758
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 65 references

3 of the 65 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 6

Conners, C. K. (1989). Manual for Conner's Rating Scales. N. Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
Conners, C. K. (1994). The Conners Rating Scales: Use in clinical assessment, treatment planning and research. In M. Maruish (Ed.), Use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcome assessment (pp. 550-578). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Conners, C. K., & March, J. S. (1994). A developmental history form for ADHD and related disorders. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
Joreskog, K. G., & Sorbom, D. (1986). LISREL VI: Analysis of linear structural relationships by maximum likelihood, instrumental variables, and least squares methods. Mooresville, IN: Scientific Software.
March, J. S., Leonard, H. L., & Swedo, S. E. (1995). Neuropsychiatry of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Comprehensive Therapy, 21, 507-512.
U.S. Department of Commerce. (1996). Statistical abstract of the United States: The national data book. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.

Sorted by citations

The revised Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity
Conners, C. K., Sitarenios, G., Parker, J. D. A., & Epstein, J. N. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1022602400621 · Cited by 1,772
Self-citation
Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents With Disruptive Behavior
Eyberg, S. M., Nelson, M. M., & Boggs, S. R. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410701820117 · Cited by 1,335
10-year research update review: The epidemiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: I. Methods and public health burden
Costello, E. J., Egger, H., & Angold, A. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000172552.41596.6f · Cited by 1,134
Evidence-Based Assessment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Pelham, Jr., Fabiano, G. A., & Massetti, G. M. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3403_5 · Cited by 803
Psychometric Properties of the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale in a Referred Population
Wolraich, M. L. (2003) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsg046 · Cited by 755
The Differential Assessment of Children's Attention: The Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA-Ch), normative sample and ADHD performance
Manly, T., Anderson, V., Nimmo‐Smith, I., Turner, A., Watson, P., & Robertson, I. H. (2001) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00806 · Cited by 693
Once-Daily Atomoxetine Treatment for Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Michelson, D., Allen, A. J., Busner, J., Casat, C., Dunn, D., Kratochvil, C., Newcorn, J., Sallee, F. R., Sangal, R. B., Saylor, K., et al. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.11.1896 · Cited by 599
Comorbidity of Reading Disability and Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder
Willcutt, E. G., & Pennington, B. F. (2000) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/002221940003300206 · Cited by 572
Ten-Year Review of Rating Scales. V: Scales Assessing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Collett, B. R., Ohan, J. L., & Myers, K. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000070245.24125.b6 · Cited by 515
The Health of Latino Children
Flores, G., Fuentes‐Afflick, E., Barbot, O., Carter‐Pokras, O., Cláudio, L., Lara, M., McLaurin, J. A., Pachter, L. M., Gomez, F. R., Mendoza, F., et al. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.1.82 · Cited by 490
Efficacy and safety of immediate-release methylphenidate treatment for preschoolers with ADHD
GREENHILL, L., KOLLINS, S., ABIKOFF, H., MCCRACKEN, J., RIDDLE, M., SWANSON, J., MCGOUGH, J., WIGAL, S., WIGAL, T., VITIELLO, B., et al. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000235077.32661.61 · Cited by 467
Neurofeedback Treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: A Comparison with Methylphenidate
Fuchs, T. A. E., Birbaumer, N., Lutzenberger, W., Gruzelier, J. H., & Kaiser, J. (2003) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1023/a:1022353731579 · Cited by 433
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and children's emotion dysregulation: A meta-analysis.
Graziano, P. A., & Garcia, A. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.011 · Cited by 366
Hippocampus and Amygdala Morphology in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Plessen, K. J., Bansal, R., Zhu, H., Whiteman, R., Amat, J., Quackenbush, G. A., Martin, L., Durkin, K., Blair, C., Royal, J., et al. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.7.795 · Cited by 347
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Storebø, O. J., Ramstad, E., Krogh, H. B., Nilausen, T. D., Skoog, M., Holmskov, M., Rosendal, S., Groth, C., Magnusson, F. L., Moreira-Maia, C. R., et al. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009885.pub2 · Cited by 347
Early identification of mental health problems in schools: The status of instrumentation
LEVITT, J. M., Saka, N., Romanelli, L. H., & Hoagwood, K. (2007) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2006.11.005 · Cited by 347
A Meta-analysis of Quantitative EEG Power Associated With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Snyder, S. M., & Hall, J. R. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/01.wnp.0000221363.12503.78 · Cited by 346
Mutual influences on maternal depression and child adjustment problems
Elgar, F. J., McGrath, P. J., Waschbusch, D. A., Stewart, S. H., & Curtis, L. J. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.02.002 · Cited by 326
Mother–Child Relationships of Children with ADHD: The Role of Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Depression-Related Distortions
Chi, T. C., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2002) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1015770025043 · Cited by 326
Self-ratings of ADHD symptoms in adults I: Factor structure and normative data
Conners, C. K., Erhardt, D., Epstein, J. N., Parker, J. D. A., Sitarenios, G., & Sparrow, E. P. (1999) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/108705479900300303 · Cited by 317
Self-citation
A Controlled Trial of Working Memory Training for Children and Adolescents with ADHD
Beck, S. J., Hanson, C. A., Puffenberger, S. S., Benninger, K. L., & Benninger, W. B. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2010.517162 · Cited by 311
Disorder-specific functional abnormalities during sustained attention in youth with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and with Autism
MRC AIMS consortium, Christakou, A., Murphy, C. M., Chantiluke, K., Cubillo, A. I., Smith, A. B., Giampietro, V, Daly, E., Ecker, C., Robertson, D., et al. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.185 · Cited by 293
Atomoxetine and Methylphenidate Treatment in Children With ADHD: A Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Trial
KRATOCHVIL, C. J., HEILIGENSTEIN, J. H., DITTMANN, R., SPENCER, T. J., BIEDERMAN, J., WERNICKE, J., NEWCORN, J. H., CASAT, C., MILTON, D., & MICHELSON, D. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200207000-00008 · Cited by 292
Netherlands Twin Register: A Focus on Longitudinal Research
Boomsma, D. I., Vink, J. M., Beijsterveldt, T. C. E. M. V., de Geus, E. J. C., Beem, A. L., Mulder, E. J. C. M., Derks, E. M., Riese, H., Willemsen, G. A. H. M., Bartels, M., et al. (2002) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/136905202320906174 · Cited by 284
The effect of sleep deprivation and restriction on mood, emotion, and emotion regulation: three meta-analyses in one
Tomaso, C. C., Johnson, A. B., & Nelson, T. D. (2021) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa289 · Cited by 282
Impact of Sleep Extension and Restriction on Children’s Emotional Lability and Impulsivity
Gruber, R., Cassoff, J., Frenette, S., Wiebe, S. T., & Carrier, J. (2012) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0564 · Cited by 269
Combining Parent and Child Training for Young Children with ADHD
Webster-Stratton, C. H., Reid, M. J., & Beauchaine, T. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.546044 · Cited by 265
A review of the economic burden of ADHD
Matza, L. S., Paramore, C., & Prasad, M. (2005) · Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation · doi:10.1186/1478-7547-3-5 · Cited by 264
Neural substrates of decision making in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Ernst, M., Kimes, A. S., London, E. D., Matochik, J. A., Eldreth, D., Tata, S., Contoreggi, C., Leff, M., & Bolla, K. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1061 · Cited by 254
Cognitive and Neurobehavioral Profile in Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Banihani, R., Smile, S., Yoon, G., Dupuis, A., Mosleh, M., Snider, A., & McAdam, L. C. (2015) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/0883073815570154 · Cited by 251
Parent training interventions for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children aged 5 to 18 years
Zwi, M., Jones, H. G., Thorgaard, C., York, A., & Dennis, J. A. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003018.pub3 · Cited by 247
Developing a measure of sluggish cognitive tempo for children: content validity, factor structure, and reliability
Penny, A. M., Waschbusch, D. A., Klein, R. M., Corkum, P., & Eskes, G. (2009) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0016600 · Cited by 241
Remediating organizational functioning in children with ADHD: Immediate and long-term effects from a randomized controlled trial.
Abikoff, H., Gallagher, R., Wells, K. C., Murray, D. W., Huang, L., Lu, F., & Petkova, E. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029648 · Cited by 240
Atomoxetine and methylphenidate treatment in children with ADHD: A prospective, randomized, open-label trial
Dittmann, R., Fouche, D. S., Kratochvil, C. J., Heiligenstein, J. H., Spencer, T. J., & Biederman, J. (2001) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(01)80448-x · Cited by 223
Association of the dopamine transporter (DAT1) 10/10-repeat genotype with ADHD symptoms and response inhibition in a general population sample
Cornish, K. M., Manly, T., Savage, R., Swanson, J., Morisano, D., Butler, N., Grant, C., Cross, G., Bentley, L., & Hollis, C. P. (2005) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001641 · Cited by 220
Delay and reward choice in ADHD: An experimental test of the role of delay aversion.
Marco, R., Miranda, A., Schlotz, W., Melia, A., Mulligan, A., Müller, U., Andreou, P., Butler, L., Christiansen, H., Gabriels, I., et al. (2009) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0014914 · Cited by 214
Clinical Presentation of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschool Children: The Preschoolers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Treatment Study (PATS)
Posner, K., Melvin, G. A., Murray, D. W., Gugga, S. S., Fisher, P. W., Skrobala, A. M., Cunningham, C., Vitiello, B., Abikoff, H., GHUMAN, J. K., et al. (2007) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2007.0075 · Cited by 205
The Preschool Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Study (PATS) 6-Year Follow-Up
Riddle, M. A., Yershova, K., Lazzaretto, D., Paykina, N., Yenokyan, G., Greenhill, L., Abikoff, H., Vitiello, B., Wigal, T., McCracken, J. T., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.12.007 · Cited by 202
Atypical Motor and Sensory Cortex Activation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Simple Sequential Finger Tapping
Mostofsky, S. H., Rimrodt, S. L., Schafer, J. G. B., Boyce, A., Goldberg, M. C., Pekar, J. J., & DENCKLA, M. B. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.011 · Cited by 200
Increased motor cortex white matter volume predicts motor impairment in autism
Mostofsky, S. H., Burgess, M. P., & Larson, J. C. G. (2007) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm129 · Cited by 196
Neurocognitive Functioning in AD/HD, Predominantly Inattentive and Combined Subtypes
Solanto, M. V., Gilbert, S. N., Raj, A., Zhu, J., Pope-Boyd, S., Stepak, B., Vail, L., & Newcorn, J. H. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9123-6 · Cited by 195
Focusing Attention on Decoding for Children With Poor Reading Skills: Design and Preliminary Tests of the Word Building Intervention
McCandliss, B. D., Beck, I. L., Sandak, R., & Perfetti, C. A. (2003) · Scientific Studies of Reading · doi:10.1207/s1532799xssr0701_05 · Cited by 193
Who Are the Comorbid Adolescents? Agreement Between Psychiatric Diagnosis, Youth, Parent, and Teacher Report
Youngstrom, E. A., Findling, R. L., & Calabrese, J. R. (2003) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1023244512119 · Cited by 192
Action Monitoring in Boys With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Their Nonaffected Siblings, and Normal Control Subjects: Evidence for an Endophenotype
Albrecht, B., Brandeis, D., Uebel, H., Heinrich, H., Mueller, U. C., Hasselhorn, M., Steinhausen, H.-C., Rothenberger, A., & Banaschewski, T. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.12.016 · Cited by 185
Developmental coordination disorder and other motor control problems in girls with autism spectrum disorder and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Kopp, S., Beckung, E., & Gillberg, C. (2009) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2009.09.017 · Cited by 183
Reaction time performance in ADHD: improvement under fast-incentive condition and familial effects
ANDREOU, P., NEALE, B. M., CHEN, W., CHRISTIANSEN, H., GABRIELS, I., HEISE, A., MEIDAD, S., MULLER, U. C., UEBEL, H., BANASCHEWSKI, T., et al. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707000815 · Cited by 182
Teacher–child relationships and academic achievement: A multilevel propensity score model approach
McCormick, M. P., O'Connor, E. E., Cappella, E., & McClowry, S. (2013) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2013.05.001 · Cited by 181
The Co-Occurrence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children With ADHD
Zablotsky, B., Bramlett, M. D., & Blumberg, S. J. (2017) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054717713638 · Cited by 181
The Psychometric Properties of the Vanderbilt Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnostic Teacher Rating Scale in a Community Population
Wolraich, M. L., Bard, D., Neas, B. R., Doffing, M., & Beck, L. (2013) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0b013e31827d55c3 · Cited by 178
Anatomical Brain Images Alone Can Accurately Diagnose Chronic Neuropsychiatric Illnesses
Bansal, R., Staib, L. H., Laine, A. F., Hao, X., Xu, D., Liu, J., Weissman, M. M., & Peterson, B. S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050698 · Cited by 177
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents
Gillies, D. M., Sinn, J. K. H., Lad, S. S., Leach, M., & Ross, M. J. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007986.pub2 · Cited by 173
A Randomized Double-Blind Study of Atomoxetine Versus Placebo for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Harfterkamp, M., van de Loo-Neus, G., Minderaa, R. B., van der Gaag, R.-J., Escobar, R., Schacht, A., Pamulapati, S., Buitelaar, J. K., & Hoekstra, P. J. (2012) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.04.011 · Cited by 171
Sympathetic- and parasympathetic-linked cardiac function and prediction of externalizing behavior, emotion regulation, and prosocial behavior among preschoolers treated for ADHD.
Beauchaine, T. P., Gatzke‐Kopp, L. M., Neuhaus, E., Chipman, J., Reid, M. J., & Webster-Stratton, C. H. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0032302 · Cited by 168
Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results from a comprehensive meta-analysis and metaregression
Schwartz, S., & Correll, C. U. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.11.005 · Cited by 166
Mindfulness-Oriented Meditation for Primary School Children: Effects on Attention and Psychological Well-Being
Crescentini, C., Capurso, V., Furlan, S., & Fabbro, F. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00805 · Cited by 166
Reduced right frontal cortical thickness in children, adolescents and adults with ADHD and its correlation to clinical variables: A cross-sectional study
Almeida, L. G., Ricardo-Garcell, J., Prado, H., Barajas, L., Fernández-Bouzas, A., Ávila, D., & Martínez, R. B. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.04.026 · Cited by 165
The Netherlands Twin Register: Longitudinal Research Based on Twin and Twin-Family Designs
Ligthart, L., van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Kevenaar, S. T., de Zeeuw, E. L., van Bergen, E., Bruins, S., Pool, R., Helmer, Q., van Dongen, J., Hottenga, J., et al. (2019) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1017/thg.2019.93 · Cited by 164
Performance variability, impulsivity errors and the impact of incentives as gender‐independent endophenotypes for ADHD
Uebel, H., Albrecht, B., Asherson, P., Börger, N. A., Butler, L., Chen, W., Christiansen, H., Heise, A., Kuntsi, J., Schäfer, U., et al. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02139.x · Cited by 161
Relationship between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and family functioning: a community-based study
Cussen, A., Sciberras, E., Ukoumunne, O. C., & Efron, D. (2011) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-011-1524-4 · Cited by 161
Pervasive Behavior Problems at 6 Years of Age in a Total-Population Sample of Children Born at ≤25 Weeks of Gestation
Samara, M. M., Marlow, N., Dieter Wolke, C., & for the EPICure Study Group (2008) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3231 · Cited by 160
Diagnostic Value of Resting Electroencephalogram in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Across the Lifespan
Liechti, M. D., Valko, L., Müller, U. C., Döhnert, M., Drechsler, R., Steinhausen, H., & Brandeis, D. (2012) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-012-0258-6 · Cited by 159
Altered Interhemispheric Connectivity in Individuals With Tourette’s Disorder
Plessen, K. J., Wentzel‐Larsen, T., Hugdahl, K., Feineigle, P. A., Klein, J. E., Staib, L. H., Leckman, J. F., Bansal, R., & Peterson, B. S. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.2028 · Cited by 158
Short sleep duration is associated with poor performance on IQ measures in healthy school-age children
Gruber, R., Laviolette, R. M., Deluca, P., Monson, E., Cornish, K. M., & Carrier, J. (2010) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2009.09.007 · Cited by 152
Blinded, multi-center validation of EEG and rating scales in identifying ADHD within a clinical sample
Snyder, S. M., Quintana, H., Sexson, S. B., Knott, P. J., Haque, A. F. M., & Reynolds, D. A. (2008) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.05.006 · Cited by 151
The NeuroIMAGE study: a prospective phenotypic, cognitive, genetic and MRI study in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Design and descriptives
von Rhein, D. T., Mennes, M., van Ewijk, H., Groenman, A. P., Zwiers, M. P., Oosterlaan, J., Heslenfeld, D. J., Franke, B., Hoekstra, P. J., Faraone, S. V., et al. (2014) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0573-4 · Cited by 150
How Do Children with ADHD (Mis)manage Their Real-Life Dyadic Friendships? A Multi-Method Investigation
Normand, S., Schneider, B. H., Lee, M., Maisonneuve, M.-F., Kuehn, S. M., & Robaey, P. (2010) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9450-x · Cited by 150
A Rating Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Based on the DSM-IV Item Pool
Silva, R. R., Alpert, M., Pouget, E. R., Silva, V., Trosper, S. E., Reyes, K., & Dummit, S. (2005) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-005-4966-x · Cited by 149
Association between symptoms and subtypes of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and sleep problems/disorders: ADHD subtypes/symptoms and sleep
CHIANG, H.-L., GAU, S. S.-F., NI, H.-C., CHIU, Y.-N., SHANG, C.-Y., WU, Y.-Y., LIN, L.-Y., TAI, Y.-M., & SOONG, W.-T. (2010) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00832.x · Cited by 146
The Psychometric Properties of the Vanderbilt Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale in a Community Population
Bard, D., Wolraich, M. L., Neas, B. R., Doffing, M., & Beck, L. (2013) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0b013e31827a3a22 · Cited by 144
Sleep Disturbances in Prepubertal Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Home Polysomnography Study
Gruber, R., Xi, T., Frenette, S., Robert, M., Vannasinh, P., & Carrier, J. (2009) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/32.3.343 · Cited by 140
Sequential Pharmacotherapy for Children With Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity and Anxiety Disorders
Abikoff, H., McGough, J. J., Vitiello, B., McCracken, J. T., Davies, M., Walkup, J. T., Riddle, M. A., Oatis, M. D., Greenhill, L. L., Skrobala, A. M., et al. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000155320.52322.37 · Cited by 140
Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire: Validation of a parent-report screening measure.
Willcutt, E. G., Boada, R., Riddle, M. W., Chhabildas, N. A., DeFries, J. C., & Pennington, B. F. (2011) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0023290 · Cited by 139
Pattern classification of response inhibition in ADHD: Toward the development of neurobiological markers for ADHD
Hart, H. C., Chantiluke, K. C., Cubillo, A., Smith, A. B., Simmons, A., Brammer, M. J., Marquand, A. F., & Rubia, K. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22386 · Cited by 137
Relation of maternal stress during pregnancy to symptom severity and response to treatment in children with ADHD
Grizenko, N., Shayan, Y. R., Polotskaia, A., Ter-Stepanian, M., & Joober, R. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0802 · Cited by 137
Childhood predictors of adolescent and young adult outcome in ADHD
Cheung, C. H. M., Rijdijk, F., McLoughlin, G., Faraone, S. V., Asherson, P. J., & Kuntsi, J. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.01.011 · Cited by 136
CLINICAL USE OF RATING SCALES IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
Conners, C. K. (1999) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70159-0 · Cited by 135
Self-citation
Meditation therapies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Krisanaprakornkit, T., Ngamjarus, C., Witoonchart, C., & Piyavhatkul, N. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006507.pub2 · Cited by 132
Child and Family Therapy Process: Concordance of Therapist and Observational Perspectives
Hurlburt, M. S., Garland, A. F., Nguyen, K., & Brookman-Frazee, L. I. (2009) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-009-0251-x · Cited by 132
Mental toughness in education: exploring relationships with attainment, attendance, behaviour and peer relationships
Clair‐Thompson, H. S., Bugler, M., Robinson, J. L., Clough, P., McGeown, S. P., & Perry, J. L. (2014) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2014.895294 · Cited by 130
A 6-year follow-up of a large European cohort of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-combined subtype: outcomes in late adolescence and young adulthood
van Lieshout, M., Luman, M., Twisk, J. W. R., van Ewijk, H., Groenman, A. P., Thissen, A. J. A. M., Faraone, S. V., Heslenfeld, D. J., Hartman, C. A., Hoekstra, P. J., et al. (2016) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-016-0820-y · Cited by 128
Motor skills, attention and academic achievements. An intervention study in school years 1–3
Ericsson, I. (2008) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1080/01411920701609299 · Cited by 127
Teachers' Screening for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Comparing Multinational Samples on Teacher Ratings of ADHD
Wolraich, M. L., Lambert, E. W., Baumgaertel, A., Garcia-Tornel, S., Feurer, I. D., Bickman, L., & Doffing, M. A. (2003) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1023847719796 · Cited by 127
Mapping the Development of the Basal Ganglia in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Shaw, P., De Rossi, P., Watson, B., Wharton, A., Greenstein, D., Raznahan, A., Sharp, W., Lerch, J. P., & Chakravarty, M. M. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.05.003 · Cited by 126
Pharmacogenetics of Methylphenidate Response in Preschoolers With ADHD
McGOUGH, J., McCRACKEN, J., SWANSON, J., RIDDLE, M., KOLLINS, S., GREENHILL, L., ABIKOFF, H., DAVIES, M., CHUANG, S., WIGAL, T., et al. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000235083.40285.08 · Cited by 126
Slow cortical potential neurofeedback in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: is there neurophysiological evidence for specific effects?
Doehnert, M., Brandeis, D., Straub, M., Steinhausen, H., & Drechsler, R. (2008) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-008-0104-x · Cited by 125
Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale-Teacher Form
Gau, S. S., Lin, C., Hu, F., Shang, C., Swanson, J. M., Liu, Y.-C., & Liu, S.-K. (2008) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsn133 · Cited by 125
Etiology of Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity in a Community Sample of Twins with Learning Difficulties
Willcutt, E. G., Pennington, B. F., & DeFries, J. C. (2000) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1005170730653 · Cited by 125
Quantifying ADHD classroom inattentiveness, its moderators, and variability: a meta‐analytic review
Kofler, M. J., Rapport, M. D., & Alderson, R. M. (2007) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01809.x · Cited by 124
Neuropsychological correlates of emotional lability in children with ADHD
Banaschewski, T., Jennen‐Steinmetz, C., Brandeis, D., Buitelaar, J. K., Kuntsi, J., Poustka, L., Sergeant, J. A., Sonuga‐Barke, E. J., Frazier‐Wood, A. C., Albrecht, B., et al. (2012) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02596.x · Cited by 122
Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents
Punja, S., Shamseer, L., Hartling, L., Urichuk, L., Vandermeer, B., Nikles, J., & Vohra, S. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009996.pub2 · Cited by 122
A randomized controlled trial of the impact of a teacher classroom management program on the classroom behavior of children with and without behavior problems
Hutchings, J., Martin-Forbes, P., Daley, D., & Williams, M. E. (2013) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2013.08.001 · Cited by 121
Social Functioning in Predominantly Inattentive and Combined Subtypes of Children With ADHD
Solanto, M. V., Pope-Boyd, S., Tryon, W. W., & Stepak, B. (2009) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054708320403 · Cited by 120
Gait in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Leitner, Y., Barak, R., Giladi, N., Peretz, C., Eshel, R., Gruendlinger, L., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2007) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-006-0522-3 · Cited by 119
Autistic traits in children with ADHD index clinical and cognitive problems
Cooper, M., Martin, J., Langley, K., Hamshere, M. L., & Thapar, A. (2013) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-013-0398-6 · Cited by 119
Methylphenidate Effects on Functional Outcomes in the Preschoolers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Study (PATS)
Abikoff, H. B., Vitiello, B., Riddle, M. A., Cunningham, C., Greenhill, L. L., Swanson, J. M., Chuang, S. Z., Davies, M., Kastelic, E., Wigal, S. B., et al. (2007) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2007.0068 · Cited by 118
Parent training for preschool ADHD : a randomized controlled trial of specialized and generic programs
Abikoff, H., Thompson, M. J. J., Laver‐Bradbury, C., Long, N. J., Forehand, R., Brotman, L. M., Klein, R. G., Reiss, P. T., Huo, L., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12346 · Cited by 118
Biological Overlap of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence From Copy Number Variants
Martin, J., Cooper, M., Hamshere, M. L., Pocklington, A. J., Scherer, S. W., Kent, L., Gill, M., Owen, M. J., Williams, N. M., O’Donovan, M. C., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.03.004 · Cited by 117
Shared and drug-specific effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate on inhibitory brain dysfunction in medication-naive ADHD boys
Cubillo, A., Smith, A. B., Barrett, N., Giampietro, V., Brammer, M. J., Simmons, A., & Rubia, K. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs296 · Cited by 116
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Storebø, O. J., Storm, M. R. O., Ribeiro, J. P., Skoog, M., Groth, C., Edemann-Callesen, H., Schaug, J. P., Rasmussen, P. D., Huus, C.-M. L., Zwi, M., et al. (2023) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009885.pub3 · Cited by 118
Non-pharmacological interventions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) delivered in school settings: systematic reviews of quantitative and qualitative research
Richardson, M. A., Moore, D. A., Gwernan‐Jones, R., Coon, J. T., Ukoumunne, O. C., Rogers, M., Whear, R., Newlove-Delgado, T. V., Logan, S., Morris, C., et al. (2015) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta19450 · Cited by 112

Authors: Conners, C. K., Sitarenios, G., Parker, J. D. A., & Epstein, J. N.
Affiliations: Duke Medical Center (US)
York University (CA)
Trent University (CA)
ORCID: Sitarenios, Gill
Parker, James D. A.
Epstein, Jeffery N.
Venue: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1998-08
Volume: 26
Issue: 4
Pages: 279-291
ISSN: 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
1573-2835
DOI: 10.1023/a:1022606501530
OpenAlex: W1564761171
Cited by: 678
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 58
FWCI: 4.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5k05mh001229-04)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH01229)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: Conners Teacher Rating Scale, teacher rating scale, classroom behavior, factor structure, reference values, reliability statistics, criterion validity, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hyperactivity/impulsivity, perfectionism, inattention, social problems, oppositionality, children
MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Personality Assessment, Psychometrics, Reference Values, Social Environment, Reproducibility of Results, Observer Variation, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Revision and Restandardization of the Conners Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS-R): Factor Structure, Reliability, and Criterion Validity

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks