Cited by 1,505Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersChild Nutrition and Feeding Issues

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Epidemiological Surveys of Autism and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders: An Update

Fombonne, Eric·2003·Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

DOI 10.1023/a:1025054610557

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Abstract

This paper was commissioned by the committee on the Effectiveness of Early Education in Autism of the National Research Council (NRC). It provides a review of epidemiological studies of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) which updates a previously published article (The epidemiology of autism: a review. Psychological Medicine 1999; 29: 769-786). The design, sample characteristics of 32 surveys published between 1966 and 2001 are described. Recent surveys suggest that the rate for all forms of PDDs are around 30/10,000 but more recent surveys suggest that the estimate might be as high as 60/10,000. The rate for Asperger disorder is not well established, and a conservative figure is 2.5/10,000. Childhood disintegrative disorder is extremely rare with a pooled estimate across studies of 0.2/10,000. A detailed discussion of the possible interpretations of trends over time in prevalence rates is provided. There is evidence that changes in case definition and improved awareness explain much of the upward trend of rates in recent decades. However, available epidemiological surveys do not provide an adequate test of the hypothesis of a changing incidence of PDDs.

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Self-citation

Authors: Fombonne, E.
Affiliations: Montreal Children's Hospital (CA)
Corresponding author: Fombonne, Eric
ORCID: Fombonne, Eric
Venue: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2003-08
Volume: 33
Issue: 4
Pages: 365-382
ISSN: 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
1573-3432
DOI: 10.1023/a:1025054610557
OpenAlex: W1555175985
Cited by: 1,505
References: 86
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 74 · 2014: 103 · 2013: 109 · 2012: 90
FWCI: 33.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, pervasive developmental disorders, prevalence, epidemiological survey, Asperger syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, incidence trends, case definition, diagnostic awareness
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Autistic Disorder, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Health Services Needs and Demand, Health Surveys, Humans, Infant, Male, Early Intervention, Educational

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Epidemiological Surveys of Autism and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders: An Update

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