Biomass burning in Asia: annual and seasonal estimates and atmospheric emissions
Open accessAbstract
Estimates of biomass burning in Asia are developed to facilitate the modeling of Asian and global air quality. A survey of national, regional, and international publications on biomass burning is conducted to yield consensus estimates of “typical” (i.e., non‐year‐specific) estimates of open burning (excluding biofuels). We conclude that 730 Tg of biomass are burned in a typical year from both anthropogenic and natural causes. Forest burning comprises 45% of the total, the burning of crop residues in the field comprises 34%, and 20% comes from the burning of grassland and savanna. China contributes 25% of the total, India 18%, Indonesia 13%, and Myanmar 8%. Regionally, forest burning in Southeast Asia dominates. National, annual totals are converted to daily and monthly estimates at 1° × 1° spatial resolution using distributions based on AVHRR fire counts for 1999–2000. Several adjustment schemes are applied to correct for the deficiencies of AVHRR data, including the use of moving averages, normalization, TOMS Aerosol Index, and masks for dust, clouds, landcover, and other fire sources. Good agreement between the national estimates of biomass burning and adjusted fire counts is obtained (R 2 = 0.71–0.78). Biomass burning amounts are converted to atmospheric emissions, yielding the following estimates: 0.37 Tg of SO 2 , 2.8 Tg of NO x , 1100 Tg of CO 2 , 67 Tg of CO, 3.1 Tg of CH 4 , 12 Tg of NMVOC, 0.45 Tg of BC, 3.3 Tg of OC, and 0.92 Tg of NH 3 . Uncertainties in the emission estimates, measured as 95% confidence intervals, range from a low of ±65% for CO 2 emissions in Japan to a high of ±700% for BC emissions in India.
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A significant amount of particulate emissions and trace gas emissions can be released from biomass burning, especially open field burning.
“A significant amount of particulate emissions and trace gas emissions can be released, including CO 2 , SO 2 , carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMHCs), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), ammonia (NH 3 ), black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC), especially for open field burning which is often practiced for residue clearance and biochar production [28,90].”
From Biomass and biofuels in China: Toward bioenergy resource potentials and their impacts on the environment (2018) · cites this paper as [90]
Open biomass burning has caused major air pollution in some areas.
“As aforementioned, open biomass burning has caused major air pollution in some areas [88,90].”
From Biomass and biofuels in China: Toward bioenergy resource potentials and their impacts on the environment (2018) · cites this paper as [90]
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- Authors
- Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Woo, J. ‐., & Carmichael, G. R.
- Affiliations
- Argonne National Laboratory (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Venue
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2003-10-15
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- ISSN
- 0886-6236 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-9224
- OpenAlex
- W2084089284
- Cited by
- 807
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 13.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles (publishedVersion)
- NCHU Institutional Repository CRIS (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- University of Chicago
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Keywords
- biomass burning, forest burning, crop residue burning, emission estimates, TOMS aerosol index, black carbon, organic carbon, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, methane, non-methane volatile organic compounds, air quality modeling, emission uncertainty, seasonal and spatial distribution
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