Cited by 1,777Parental Involvement in EducationChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychosocial Factors Impacting Youth

Parent styles associated with children's self-regulation and competence in school.

Grolnick, Wendy S., Ryan, Richard M.·1989·Journal of Educational Psychology

Abstract

This study assessed three dimensions of parent style, autonomy support, involvement, and provision of structure in 64 mothers and 50 fathers of elementary-school children in Grades 3-6, using a structured interview. Construct validity data for the interview ratings suggested that the three parent dimensions were reliable, relatively independent, and correlated with other parent measures in hypothesized ways. Aspects of children's self-regulation and competence were measured through children's self-reports, teacher ratings, and objective indices. Parental autonomy support was positively related to children's self-reports of autonomous self-regulation, teacher-rated competence and adjustment, and school grades and achievement. Maternal involvement was related to achievement, teacher-rated competence, and some aspects of behavioral adjustment, but no significant relations were obtained for father involvement. The structure dimension was primarily related to children's control understanding. Results are discussed in terms of the motivational impact of the parent on school competence and adjustment and in terms of transactional models of influence.

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Crossref · 10.1037/0022-0663.81.2.143

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Authors
Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M.
Affiliations
New York University (US)
Venue
Journal of Educational Psychology
Published
1989-06
Volume
81
Issue
2
Pages
143-154
ISSN
  • 0022-0663 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-2176
OpenAlex
W2026867528
Cited by
1,777
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 55 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 159 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 145 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 84 · 2012: 71
FWCI
41.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Educational Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • Clark Digital Commons (Clark University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • University of Rochester
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Parental Involvement in Education
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
Keywords
parenting styles, parental autonomy support, parental involvement, parental structure, children's self-regulation, autonomous motivation, academic performance, academic competence, behavioral adjustment, elementary school students, parents, school-family relations

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