Helping or Hovering? The Effects of Helicopter Parenting on College Students’ Well-Being
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Helicopter parenting may lead to increased depression.
“Emerging evidence suggests that overprotective and controlling parenting, often referred to as “helicopter parenting” may have negative implications on the child's mental health such as anxiety and depression.”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Schiffrin et al., 2014
Students who reported helicopter parenting also reported higher levels of depression.
“Students who reported helicopter parenting also reported higher levels of depression.”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Schiffrin et al. (2014)
Nine of 11 studies investigating the relationship between helicopter parenting and depression found an effect.
“Nine of 11 studies investigating the relationship between helicopter parenting and depression, found an effect”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Schiffrin et al., 2014
No effect of helicopter parenting on anxiety.
“No effect for anxiety”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Schiffrin et al. (2014)
In the remaining 5 studies there was no direct relationship between helicopter parenting and anxiety.
“However, in the remaining 5 studies there was no direct relationship between helicopter parenting and anxiety (Segrin et al., 2013; Schiffrin et al., 2014; Reed et al., 2016; Darlow et al., 2017; Wenze et al., 2019).”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Schiffrin et al., 2014
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“Recent scholarship on college students has shown that parents’ overinvolvement (helicoptering) relates to worse psychological well-being or ineffective coping skills of children (LeMoyne & Buchanan, 2011; Segrin, Woszidlo, Givertz, & Montgomery, 2013) through dampening a sense of autonomy or competence (Schiffrin et a…”
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“Internal consistency (a = .82) was similar to that of the original scale reports (a = .77; Schiffrin et al. 2014).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialParents' Emotion‐Related Beliefs, Behaviours, and Skills Predict Children's Recognition of Emotion
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“…of this finding across two different paradigms and samples (see also Dunsmore et al., 2009) and recent interest in ‘helicopter parenting’ (e.g., Schiffrin et al., 2013), it may be useful to invest in longitudinal studies that utilize cross-lagged designs to better identify whether parents’…”
BackgroundOverparenting is Associated with Child Problems and a Critical Family Environment
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“This pattern is consistent with findings from Schiffrin et al. (2012) who found helicopter parenting behaviors, as reported by emerging adults, to be negatively associated with satisfaction of their relatedness needs (e.g., ‘‘I get along with people I come into contact with’’).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKouros, C. D., Pruitt, M. M., Ekas, N. V., Kiriaki, R., & Sunderland, M. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0614-3 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Providing a ‘‘Leg Up’’: Parental Involvement and Opportunity Hoarding in College
Hamilton, L. T., Roksa, J., & Nielsen, K. (2018) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.1177/0038040718759557 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
“The young-adulthood literature and emerging scholarship addressing college ‘‘helicopter’’ parenting suggest that some parents today may be more involved with their older children, and for longer into the life course, than they once were (Hamilton 2016; Schiffrin et al. 2014; Settersten and Ray 2010; Shoup, Gonyea, and…”
BackgroundBaldry, A. C., Sorrentino, A., & Farrington, D. P. (2018) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.11.058 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
The Effects of Helicopter Parenting on Academic Motivation
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“For example, perceived competence mediated the relationship between helicopter parenting and emotional outcomes (Schiffrin et al., 2014) and may also affect the relationship between helicopter parenting and academic outcomes.”
InfluentialSelf-citationThe Relationship between Helicopter Parenting and Adjustment to College
Darlow, V., Norvilitis, J. M., & Schuetze, P. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0751-3 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
“Overparenting hinders the development of coping mechanisms, leading students to feel that they lack control over their lives, resulting in a lack of volition (Schiffrin et al. 2014).”
BackgroundFroiland, J. M. (2013) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-013-9819-x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
“However, controlling parent involvement (also known as helicopter parenting) backfires, negatively affecting students’ emotional health and autonomous motivation to learn (Deci and Ryan 2008; Froiland 2011; Schiffrin et al. 2013).”
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“…development including more pessimistic views of marriage, indices of anxiety, depression, and lower life satisfaction and psychological well-being (LeMoyne & Buchanan, 2011; Schiffrin et al., 2014; Segrin, Woszidlo, Givertz, Bauer, & Murphy, 2012; Willoughby, Hersh, Padilla-Walker, & Nelson, 2013).”
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“…overprotection, emerging adults, anxiety, depression, decision making, academic functioning new type of parenting behavior, but rather a specific style composed of overly involved parenting that prevents development of independence or autonomy (LeMoyne & Buchanan, 2011; Schiffrin et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSchiffrin, H. H., Erchull, M. J., Sendrick, E., Yost, J. C., Power, V., & Saldanha, E. R. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01513-6 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“…restrict their children’s behavior and decrease their children’s sense of autonomy, they can create a cycle of dependence in which their children feel incapable of functioning independently and must rely on their parents for assistance (Liss and Schiffrin 2014; Padilla-Walker and Nelson 2012).”
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“I will guide you” The indirect link between overparenting and young adults׳ adjustment
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“Segrin et al., 2012; Schiffrin et al., 2014a).”
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A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression
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“2012) as well as a decreased sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness to others (Kim et al. 2013; Padilla-Walker and Nelson 2012; Schiffrin et al. 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHelicopter Parenting, Self-Control, and School Burnout among Emerging Adults
Love, H., May, R. W., Cui, M., & Fincham, F. D. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01560-z · Cited by 88 · see citing works
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Relationships Between Positive Parenting, Overparenting, Grit, and Academic Success
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Indulgent Parenting, Helicopter Parenting, and Well-being of Parents and Emerging Adults
Cui, M., Darling, C. A., Coccia, C. C., Fincham, F. D., & May, R. W. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-01314-3 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Several studies have suggested that children who grow up with overinvolved parents were more likely to exhibit neurotic tendencies and lack effective coping skills (Odenweller et al. 2014; Schiffrin et al. 2014).”
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“2013), greater use of medication for anxiety and depression (LeMoyne and Buchanan 2011), and lower life satisfaction (Cui et al. 2018; Schiffrin et al. 2014) among college students.”
BackgroundPushing and Pulling Emerging Adults Through College
Nichols, L., & Islas, Á. (2015) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558415586255 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“Termed helicopter parents, these parents are said to have unprecedented involvement in the daily lives of emerging adults, especially while enrolled in college (Nelson, 2010; Padilla-Walker & Nelson, 2012; Schiffrin et al., 2014), serving as a direct form of social capital in the lives of”
BackgroundLeader development begins at home: Overparenting harms adolescent leader emergence.
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Affectionate Communication in Close Relationships
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Understanding the Associations between Helicopter Parenting and Emerging Adults’ Adjustment
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Helicopter Parenting, Self-regulatory Processes, and Alcohol Use among Female College Students
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“In fact, studies showed that overparenting was associated with parental behavioral and psychological control (Darlow et al. 2017; Padilla-Walker and Nelson 2012; Rousseau and Scharf 2015), and parental support (Schiffrin et al. 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialHelicopter Parenting and Perceived Overcontrol by Emerging Adults: A Family-Level Profile Analysis
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“What is more, overprotective parents hinder children’s development of autonomy and independence and interfere with children’s acquisition of skills and confidence by limiting exposure to developmentally appropriate experiences (Schiffrin et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSchiffrin, H. H., Yost, J. C., Power, V., Saldanha, E. R., & Sendrick, E. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01360-5 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“The helicopter parenting subscale contains nine items (e.g., “My mother regularly wants me to call or text her to let her know where I am”) and had a Cronbach’s alpha of .77 for mothers in the original sample (Schiffrin et al. 2014).”
InfluentialSelf-citationThe bad things we do because of empathy
Breithaupt, F. (2018) · Interdisciplinary Science Reviews · doi:10.1080/03080188.2018.1450928 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Even in cases where the empathizer imagines having the best interests of the other in mind, such as in helicopter parenting, the results may prove otherwise (Schiffrin et al. 2014).”
BackgroundParental indulgence, self-regulation, and young adults’ behavioral and emotional problems
Cui, M., Graber, J. A., Metz, A., & Darling, C. A. (2016) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2016.1237884 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“…al., 2012), low levels of self-efficacy (Bradley-Geist & Olson-Buchanan, 2014; Ingen et al., 2015); prescription medication use for anxiety/depression and recreational consumption of pain pills (LeMoyne & Buchanan, 2011), and depression and anxiety (Schiffrin et al., 2013) among college students.”
BackgroundHou, Y.-F., Xiao, R., Yang, X.-L., Chen, Y., Peng, F., Zhou, S.-G., Zeng, X.-H., & Zhang, X.-Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01774 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“college students, such as personal autonomy and competence, which are associated with high emotional distress (Schiffrin et al., 2014; Kouros et al., 2017).”
BackgroundThe Role of Parenting in Relational Aggression and Prosocial Behavior among Emerging Adults
Clark, C., Dahlen, E. R., & Nicholson, B. C. (2015) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2015.1002653 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Accordingly, more research is warranted to discern the temporal relationship between parenting and relational aggression in emerging adults, particularly given that overinvolved parenting has been linked to negative outcomes among college students (Schiffrin et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMoilanen, K. L., & Lynn Manuel, M. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01433-5 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“It was also marginally associated with high levels of depression, which may be due to resulting negative self-perceptions about their abilities to manage their lives (Darlow et al. 2017; Givertz and Segrin 2014; LeMoyne and Buchanan 2011; Schiffrin et al. 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialScharf, M., Rousseau, S., & Bsoul, S. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0652-x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Other studies have also found that only anticipatory problem-solving predicted offspring psychosocial development, and scholars have suggested that it might be the preferable subscale for measuring overparenting in young adulthood (Scharf and Rousseau in press; Schiffrin et al. 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialParent–Child Affection and Helicopter Parenting: Exploring the Concept of Excessive Affection
Hesse, C., Mikkelson, A. C., & Saracco, S. (2017) · Western Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/10570314.2017.1362705 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“such as lower life satisfaction (Schiffrin et al., 2014) and higher levels of neuroticism (Odenweller, Booth-Butterfield, & Weber, 2014), and we would expect excessive affection to also have similar detrimental outcomes.”
BackgroundInfluentialEmpathy: Concepts, Theories and Neuroscientific Basis
Bošnjaković, J., & Radionov, T. (2018) · Alcoholism · doi:10.20471/dec.2018.54.02.04 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Positive Relationships” and their impact on wellbeing: A review of current literature
Mertika, A., Mitskidou, P., & Stalikas, A. (2020) · Psychology the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society · doi:10.12681/psy_hps.25340 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“This sense of autonomy results in an increase in wellbeing that continues later in adolescence (Colibee et al., 2014; Smokowsky et al., 2014; Schiffrin et al., 2013; Van der Giessen et al., 2014) and adulthood (Stafford et.”
BackgroundInfluentialSchool Bullying and Cyberbullying: Prevalence, Characteristics, Outcomes, and Prevention
Zych, I., Baldry, A. C., & Farrington, D. P. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61625-4_8 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Jung, E., Hwang, W., Kim, S.-H., Sin, H., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, Z. (2019) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x19865297 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“It may be that in Korean culture, fathers’ helicopter parenting is seen as invasive or extreme, resulting in an adverse relationship with academic outcomes (Kouros et al., 2017; Schiffrin et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodBurke, T. J., Segrin, C., & Farris, K. L. (2018) · Journal of Family Communication · doi:10.1080/15267431.2018.1467913 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“, 2016; Rousseau & Scharf, 2015), children’s life satisfaction (Schiffrin et al., 2014), and children’s perceptions of anxious parenting and emotional criticism (Segrin et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialAssociations between Children’s Risky Play and ECEC Outdoor Play Spaces and Materials
Sandseter, E. B. H., Sando, O. J., & Kleppe, R. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18073354 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Wider, W., Fauzi, M. A., Gan, S. W., Yap, C. C., Khadri, M. W. A. B. A., & Maidin, S. S. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16988 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Helicopter Parenting, Autonomy Support, and Student Wellbeing in the United States and South Korea
Jung, E., Hwang, W., Kim, S.-H., Sin, H., Zhao, Z., Zhang, Y., & Park, J. H. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01601-7 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
In the best interests of children? The paradox of intensive parenting and children’s health
Yerkes, M. A., Hopman, M., Stok, F. M., & de Wit, J. B. F. (2019) · Critical Public Health · doi:10.1080/09581596.2019.1690632 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Farber, M. J., Gee, D. G., & Hariri, A. R. (2020) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15003 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Indeed, some evidence suggests that overprotection can have negative consequences such as increased rates of depression and anxiety and decreased life satisfaction and general psychological well-being for children in certain circumstances (LeMoyne & Buchanan, 2011; Schiffrin et al., 2014).”
BackgroundOverparenting and Narcissism in Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Psychological Control
Winner, N. A., & Nicholson, B. C. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1176-3 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“2013), greater depressive symptoms, and less satisfaction with life (Schiffrin et al. 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialFostering social and emotional intelligence: What are the best current strategies in parenting?
Segrin, C. G., & Flora, J. (2019) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12439 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
McLafferty, M., Bunting, B., Armour, C., Lapsley, C. R., Ennis, E., Murray, E. K., & O’Neill, S. M. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105212 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Parental Influences on Achievement Motivation and Student Engagement
Bempechat, J., Shernoff, D. J., Wolff, S., & Puttre, H. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07853-8_19 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Wolke, D., Zhou, Y., Liu, Y., Eves, R., Mendonça, M., & Twilhaar, E. S. (2025) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-025-00479-3 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Helicopter Parenting and Young Adults’ Well-Being: A Comparison Between United States and Finland
Cui, M., Janhonen-Abruquah, H., Darling, C. A., Carlos Chavez, F. L., & Palojoki, P. (2019) · Cross-Cultural Research · doi:10.1177/1069397118802253 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Helicopter Parenting and Cell-Phone Contact between Parents and Children in College
Kelly, L., Duran, R. L., & Miller‐Ott, A. E. (2017) · Southern Communication Journal · doi:10.1080/1041794x.2017.1310286 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“(2011) and may be a way to counteract the lower levels of perceived autonomy reported by students with helicopter parents (Schiffrin et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialA Longitudinal Growth Mixture Model of Child Disclosure to Parents Across Adolescence
Padilla-Walker, L. M., Son, D., & Nelson, L. J. (2017) · Journal of family psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000369 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Leung, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182211887 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Though many parents who practice overparenting start from goodwill to ensure their children’s success, competence, and happiness [5,6], empirical evidence consistently shows that overparenting is associated with adolescents’ negative outcomes, including increasing adolescent anxiety [6,7], emotional distress [8,9], pr…”
BackgroundBrogaard, B. “. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190084448.001.0001 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Arslan, İ. B., Lucassen, N., Keijsers, L., & Stevens, G. W. J. M. (2023) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-022-01723-0 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Overparenting and offspring depression, anxiety, and internalizing symptoms: A meta-analysis
Zhang, Q., & Ji, W. (2023) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457942300055x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Petegem, S. V., Sznitman, G. A., Darwiche, J., & Zimmermann, G. (2021) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12709 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Rousseau, S., & Scharf, M. (2018) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407517700514 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“…characteristics include, for example, increased levels of anxiety, depression, pain and stress, less general well-being and satisfaction, and lower selfefficacy (Bradley-Geist & Olson-Buchanan, 2014; LeMoyne & Buchanan, 2011; Rousseau & Scharf, 2015; Schiffrin et al., 2014; Segrin et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialToo Much of a Good Thing: Perceived Overparenting and Wellbeing of Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong
Leung, J. T. Y. (2020) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-020-09720-0 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Filus, A., Schwarz, B., Mylonas, K., Sam, D. L., & Boski, P. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1283-1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Political correctness and the alt-right: The development of extreme political attitudes
Moss, J., & O'Connor, P. J. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239259 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Leung, J. T. Y., Shek, D. T. L., Fung, A. L. C., & Leung, G. S.-M. (2020) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407520971713 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“In addition, most related studies have not differentiated the relative contributions of fathers and mothers to overparenting (e.g., Schiffrin et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialHelicopter parenting, authenticity, and depressive symptoms: a mediation model
Turner, L. A., Faulk, R. D., & Garner, T. (2020) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2020.1775170 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Ethical concerns relating to genetic risk scores for suicide
Docherty, A. R., Kious, B. M., Brown, T. R., Francis, L. P., Stark, L. A., Keeshin, B. R., Botkin, J. R., DiBlasi, E., Gray, D., & Coon, H. H. (2021) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32871 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“, 2015), and increased depression and anxiety (LeMoyne & Buchanan, 2011; Schiffrin et al., 2014).”
BackgroundOverparenting, emotion dysregulation, and problematic internet use among female emerging adults
Love, H., May, R. W., Shafer, J., Fincham, F. D., & Cui, M. (2021) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101376 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Reed, K. M., Ferraro, A. J., Lucier‐Greer, M., & Barber, C. (2014) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-014-0073-7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Parental Autonomy Support and College Student Academic Outcomes
Pedersen, D. E. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0750-4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“To measure parental autonomy support (Schiffrin et al. 2012), respondents were asked to indicate their level of agreement with each of the following six statements: “(a) My mother/father encourages me to discuss any academic problems I am having with my professor; (b) My mother/ J Child Fam Stud (2017) 26:2589–2601 25…”
BackgroundInfluentialMind games: Parental psychological control and emerging adults’ adjustment
Faherty, A. N., Lowe, K., & Arnett, J. J. (2019) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407519877240 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Wang, J., Lai, R., Yang, A., Yang, M., & Guo, Y. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.078 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Helgeson, V. S., Palladino, D. K., Reynolds, K. A., Becker, D. J., Escobar, O., & Siminerio, L. M. (2013) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-013-9552-0 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Parent controlling behavior has been shown to interfere with youth’s development of autonomy and competence [16].”
Background‘I keep a close watch on this child of mine’: a moral critique of other-tracking apps
Gabriels, K. (2016) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-016-9405-1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
McKinney, C., & Kwan, J. W. (2018) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x18756928 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Cullaty (2011) and Schiffrin et al. (2014) addressed this developmental specificity by indicating that parents who exert excessive control may promote resentment and hinder autonomy in their emerging adult children, noting that emerging adult children do not prefer intrusive parents but also want…”
BackgroundCollege Student Cohesive-Flexible Family Functioning and Mental Health
Berryhill, M. B., Harless, C., & Kean, P. (2018) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/1066480718807411 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 21, 548–558. Ohannessian, C. M., & de Los Reyes, A. (2014). Discrepancies in”
BackgroundThe Role of Self-Concepts in Emerging Adult Depression: A Systematic Research Synthesis
Reed‐Fitzke, K. (2019) · Journal of Adult Development · doi:10.1007/s10804-018-09324-7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Overparenting and Perfectionistic Concerns Predict Academic Entitlement in Young Adults
Fletcher, K. L., Pierson, E. E., Neumeister, K. L. S., & Finch, W. H. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01663-7 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Hwang, W., & Jung, E. (2021) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968211000498 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“…have been categorized as the opposite of helicopter parenting, either as a construct under a two factor structure of helicopter parenting (Reed et al., 2016; Schiffrin et al., 2014), a three factor structure (Luebbe et al., 2018), or as a profile of helicopter parents (Padilla-Walker et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialTeuber, Z., Jia, H., & Niewöhner, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2021.679695 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Howard, A. L., Alexander, S., & Dunn, L. C. (2020) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/2167696820901626 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“We are aware of six published questionnaire measures of helicopter parenting (LeMoyne & Buchanan, 2011; Luebbe et al., 2016; Odenweller et al., 2014; Padilla-Walker & Nelson, 2012; Schiffrin et al., 2014; Segrin et al., 2012), but no single consensus operational definition.”
BackgroundInfluentialMönkediek, B., Schulz, W., Eichhorn, H., & Diewald, M. (2020) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2020.102441 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Racz, S. J., Johnson, S. L., Bradshaw, C. P., & Cheng, T. L. (2017) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2015.1108858 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“copter parenting’ (Padilla-Walker & Nelson, 2012), which has been linked with a range of poor outcomes (such as high levels of anxiety and depression, low self-efficacy, poor parent‒child communication; Bradley-Geist & Olson-Buchanan, 2014; Schiffrin et al., 2014; Segrin et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSchiffrin, H. H., Batte-Futrell, M. L., Boigegrain, N., Cao, C., & Whitesell, E. (2021) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-021-01925-3 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationHancock, K., Lawrence, D. M., & Zubrick, S. R. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100686 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“At the other end of the developmental spectrum, surveys of college students have found that students who reported having controlling or overprotective parents also reported higher levels of depression and less satisfaction with life [7], as well as reduced self-efficacy [6].”
BackgroundOverparenting and psychological well‐being of emerging adult children in the United States and China
Hong, P.-P., & Cui, M. (2023) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12839 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Gagnon, R. J., Garst, B. A., Kouros, C. D., Schiffrin, H. H., & Cui, M. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01623-1 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationParenting Practices, Parent–Child Relationship, and Perceived Academic Control in College Students
Hwang, W., & Jung, E. (2020) · Journal of Adult Development · doi:10.1007/s10804-020-09346-0 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“, self-efficacy, self-control, and competence) as a mediator of the association between parenting practices and college students’ wellbeing and developmental outcomes (Love et al. 2019; Schiffrin et al. 2014; Reed et al. 2016), our findings expand the spectrum of mediating variables to familial contexts.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
- Authors
- Schiffrin, H. H., Liss, M., Miles-McLean, H., Geary, K. A., Erchull, M. J., & Tashner, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Mary Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schiffrin, Holly H.
- Venue
- Journal of Child and Family Studies
- Published
- 2013-02-09
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 548-557
- ISSN
- 1062-1024 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2843
- OpenAlex
- W2148614134
- Semantic Scholar
- 51a82ba44b5cc9cc3d3d7fdb455460359642098d
- Cited by
- 643
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 23.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Child and Family Studies (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Education › Parental Involvement in Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Keywords
- helicopter parenting, university students, psychological well-being, self-determination theory, autonomy support, depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, basic psychological needs, autonomy, competence, parental involvement
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