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Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
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“Collectively, these skills enable students to regulate their bidirectional relations with their contexts by processing, manipulating, and refining information; organize and recognize patterns in information; evaluate their thinking and learning strategies; intentionally transfer knowledge to new situations; and apply knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems (e.g., Flavell, 1979;Lai, 2011).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect, track their progress, and develop self-regulated learning (SRL) skills.”
From Directive, metacognitive, or a blend of both? A comparison of AI-generated feedback types on student engagement, confidence, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“This level of metacognitive engagement ' thinking about one's own thinking' is a hallmark of high-impact learning experiences (Flavell, 1979).”
From Co-creating custom GPTs: an autoethnographic study of undergraduate students as partners in generative AI innovation (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognition-cognition about cognition-encompasses the knowledge, monitoring, and regulation of one's own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
From The Metacognitive Paradox of AI-Assisted Creativity: A Theoretical Extension (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”
From University students' Motivated Attention and use of regulation strategies on social media (2015) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognitive knowledge and experiences are interrelated [64].”
From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“A fifth potential barrier to insight is metacognition, or the processes which allow persons to be aware of and form integrated and complex ideas about the self and others.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
Citations
Cites
Knowing when, where, and how to remember ; A problem of metacognition
Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
Perspectives on the Development of Memory and Cognition
Kail, R. V., & Hagen, J. W. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 927
An Interview Study of Children's Knowledge about Memory
Kreutzer, M. A., Leonard, C., Flavell, J. H., & Hagen, J. W. (1975) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165955 · Cited by 514
Self-citationRealizing That You Don't Understand: A Preliminary Investigation
Markman, E. M. (1977) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01257.x · Cited by 415
Developmental changes in memorization processes
Flavell, J. H., Friedrichs, A. G., & Hoyt, J. D. (1970) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(70)90019-8 · Cited by 401
Self-citationBrown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Barclay, C. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb04135.x · Cited by 185
Cited by
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Items 4,801–4,900 of 10,404
Kanser Sürecinde Üstbilişler, Psikolojik Sağlamlık ve Nüks Korkusu
Ağaç, M., & Üzar‐Özçetin, Y. S. (2021) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.859242 · Cited by 6
“Üstbiliş kavramı, bireyin kendi zihnindeki işlev ve olayların farkında olup, bunları kontrol etmesini ve amaçlı olarak yönlendirebilmesini içeren üst düzey bilişsel sistemdir (Flavell 1979, Wells 2000, Tosun ve Irak 2008).”
METACOGNIÇÃO E SUAS FERRAMENTAS PARA O APRENDIZADO
Xavier, C. S., Peixoto, M. A. P., & da Veiga, L. L. D. A. (2021) · Debates em Educação Científica e Tecnológica/Revista Eletrônica Debates em Educação Científica e Tecnológica · doi:10.36524/dect.v10i2.1337 · Cited by 5
Hahn, S., Moritz, S., Elmers, J., & Scheunemann, J. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.013 · Cited by 5
Bastian, B., & Zucchella, A. (2022) · The International Dimension of Entrepreneurial Decision-Making · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85950-3_5 · Cited by 2
Altun, M., Yılmaz, G. K., Demir, B., & Çelik, H. S. (2021) · European Journal of Education Studies · doi:10.46827/ejes.v9i1.4088 · Cited by 5
“According to Flavell (1979), one of the founders of metacognition, metacognition refers to the individual's knowledge of cognitive processing and output or similar things related to the situation.”
BackgroundAssociations between Cortical Thickness and Metamemory in Alzheimer’s Disease
Duran, T., Woo, E., Svaldi, D. O., Risacher, S. L., Stage, E., Sanjay, A. B., Nho, K. T., West, J. D., Phillips, M. L., Goukasian, N., et al. (2022) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-021-00627-0 · Cited by 5
“The importance of metacognitive ability for cognitive health has been well established over the past decades (Cella et al., 2014; Hertzog & Hultsch, 2000; Flavell, 1979; Hart, 1965; Lai, 2011; Martinez, 2006; Shimamura, 2000).”
BackgroundEliyahu‐Levi, D., & Chen, S. (2022) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2022.2059519 · Cited by 5
“Avi applies self-regulating skills as part of the re fl ection and control processes (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundDesafíos Educativos Reales: transformaciones de una asignatura universitaria en tiempos de pandemia
Luzuriaga, M., Buscaglia, A., & Furman, M. (2022) · REDU Revista de Docencia Universitaria · doi:10.4995/redu.2022.16653 · Cited by 5
Tary, B., & Molnár, E. (2022) · Iskolakultúra · doi:10.14232/iskkult.2022.5.57 · Cited by 5
Yamashita, J. (2022) · Bilingual processing and acquisition · doi:10.1075/bpa.13.02yam · Cited by 5
Pensamiento crítico y conciencia metacognitiva en una muestra de estudiantes de Medicina
Maya, S. R. D. L. P., Dussán, A. M. D., Landínez-Martínez, D., Londoño, D. M. M., & Gutierrez, A. P. (2022) · Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos · doi:10.17151/rlee.2022.18.1.8 · Cited by 7
“En el mismo sentido, Brown (1987) se refirió a la metacognición como el estado acerca del conocimiento y de la regulación del propio sistema cognitivo (Brown, 1987; Flavell, 1979, 1987).”
BackgroundAlsulaimani, A. A. (2022) · International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) · doi:10.3991/ijet.v17i17.29403 · Cited by 10
The influence of students’ ability on the continuous intention of blended learning
Liu, Y., & Wang, S. (2022) · SN Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43545-022-00499-1 · Cited by 6
“According to Flavell (1979), metacognition is the ability to identify a person’s thinking process, set goals and evaluate performance, which includes planning in advance, monitoring in the middle and evaluating results.”
BackgroundČerešník, M., Dolejš, M., Čerešníková, M., & Tomšik, R. (2022) · TEM Journal · doi:10.18421/tem114-39 · Cited by 3
“Baumeister [3] presumes that these motives are ordered hierarchically: the strongest motive is selfassessment, as it manifests self-knowledge (being part of metacognition defined in accordance with Flavell [6]).”
BackgroundRobertson, S., Burke, M., Olson-Charles, K., & Mueller, R. M. (2022) · Communications in Information Literacy · doi:10.15760/comminfolit.2022.16.2.1 · Cited by 5
Aliasin, S. H., Reza, K., & Pineh, A. J. (2022) · The Journal Of Psychological Science · doi:10.52547/jps.21.115.1359 · Cited by 5
DeJaeghere, J., Duong, B.-H., & Dao, V. (2023) · Educational Research for Policy and Practice · doi:10.1007/s10671-023-09330-x · Cited by 5
“planning (setting goals, selecting appropriate strategies, making predictions); monitoring (attending to and being aware of comprehension and task performance); and evaluating (assessing the processes and outcomes of one’s thinking and learning) (Flavell 1979; Paris & Winograd, 1990; Pintrich, 2002; Schraw et al., 200…”
BackgroundInfluentialFarahian, M., & Ebadi, S. (2022) · Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning · doi:10.58459/rptel.2023.18005 · Cited by 5
“Flavell (1979) was among the first scholars who proposed a definition for the concept of metacognition.”
BackgroundA framework for meta-learning in science education for a time of crisis and beyond
Chacón-Díaz, L. B. (2023) · Cultural Studies of Science Education · doi:10.1007/s11422-023-10150-x · Cited by 6
Metacognitive beliefs predict test anxiety and examination performance
Huntley, C. D., Young, B., Smith, C. T., & Fisher, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2023.1051304 · Cited by 14
“Metacognition refers to cognition involved in the monitoring, appraisal, and control of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Nelson and Narens, 1990).”
BackgroundEstilos de aprendizaje y metacognición en la Práctica Profesional
Barría, V., Sierra, R. M., & Robledo, H. (2022) · Praxis & Saber · doi:10.19053/22160159.v13.n35.2022.14460 · Cited by 16
“El conocimiento metacognitivo es aquel que tiene un sujeto sobre sus propios procesos cognitivos e involucra tres tipos de conocimiento (Flavell, 1976, 1979; Gagné, 1991; Paris et al., 1983): • declarativo: incluye información sobre el tipo de tarea, los objetivos y las estrategias.”
BackgroundValidation of the metacognitive skills questionnaire for drivers of vehicles (CHMC)
Laborda, J. L. A., & Salavera, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1054279 · Cited by 5
Computer Use in a Primary School: A Case-Study of Self-Regulated Learning
Swalander, L., & Folkesson, A. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6546-2_18 · Cited by 5
“The definition of metacognition used by Efklides (2006) follows the original definition by Flavell (1979) as cognition about cognition.”
MethodArgumentation in Physics Education Research: Recent Trends and Key Themes
Erduran, S., & Park, W. (2023) · doi:10.1063/9780735425477_016 · Cited by 6
Ternov, N. K., Tolsgaard, M. G., Konge, L., Christensen, A. N., Kristensen, S. I. P., Hölmich, L. R., Stretch, J. R., Scolyer, R. A., Vestergaard, T., Guitera, P., et al. (2023) · Dermatology Practical & Conceptual · doi:10.5826/dpc.1302a105 · Cited by 5
Küçükaydın, M. A. (2023) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-023-01691-y · Cited by 6
“Metacognition (Flavell 1979) focuses on how the individual learns knowledge about cognitive processes and uses this knowledge to control cognitive processes.”
Kim, M., & Bloome, D. (2021) · Research in the Teaching of English · doi:10.58680/rte202131476 · Cited by 5
Nurturing interdisciplinary practice in small secondary schools
Termaat, A. (2023) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2023.2225003 · Cited by 5
“Because metacognitive strategies needed for reflection improve with age (Flavell, 1979; Kuhn, 1999; Moshman, 2018; Weinstein & Mayer, 1986), teachers of younger MYP students sometimes referred to this summative component as “a killjoy,” (Teacher 1), and recognized students completed the task poorly…”
BackgroundMetacognitive Monitoring via Strategies and Judgments
Händel, M., Naujoks-Schober, N., & Dresel, M. (2023) · Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie · doi:10.1026/0049-8637/a000273 · Cited by 5
Metacognitive Beliefs and Metacognitive Capacity
Ayala, A., Mickens, J. L., Myers, E. J., Abel, D. B., Hegwood, C. M., Davis, B. J., Lysaker, P. H., & Minor, K. S. (2023) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001636 · Cited by 6
“ISSN: 0022-3018/23/21107–0537 DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001636 The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease • Volume 211, Number 7 Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer H that one holds about their cognition (Flavell, 1979; Wells, 1995: Wells and Carter, 1999).”
BackgroundInfluentialDecision Making in Moral Judgment Context is Modulated by Individual Metacognition
Hugo Osorio, T., & Gabriel Reyes, M. (2023) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941231191067 · Cited by 5
“Metacognition refers to the capacity of individuals to access and report their own psychological states (Flavell, 1979; Nelson & Narens, 1994).”
Tibken, C., Richter, T., & Wannagat, W. (2023) · Scientific Studies of Reading · doi:10.1080/10888438.2023.2261572 · Cited by 10
“The broader term metacognition generally includes thinking about one’s own cognitions (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundSupporting self-regulation in the preschool period: A case study of teachers' practices
Öngören, S. (2023) · Turkish Journal of Education · doi:10.19128/turje.1228285 · Cited by 11
Process Modification and Uncontrollability in an Expert Contemporary Artist's Creative Processes
Okada, T., & Yokochi, S. (2024) · The Journal of Creative Behavior · doi:10.1002/jocb.635 · Cited by 5
Self-efficacy and cheating among young children
Zhao, L., Li, Y., Ke, S., & Lee, K. (2024) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105843 · Cited by 5
World assumptions and post-traumatic symptoms: The moderating role of metacognition
Biram, S. A., Horesh, D., Tuval‐Mashiach, R., & Hasson‐Ohayon, I. (2024) · European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100389 · Cited by 9
Outside Museum Walls: The Impact of Community Facilitators in an Outdoor Social Science Exhibition
Chien, H., Gutwill, J. P., Dixon, R. J., et al. (2024) · Visitor Studies · doi:10.1080/10645578.2024.2310464 · Cited by 5
“…Ground exhibition: metacognitive knowledge (i.e., awareness or reflection of ideas, beliefs, or theories about self or others) and metacognitive feeling (i.e., online monitoring of the feelings and affective experiences during a cognitive experience; see Efklides, 2001, 2006, 2008; Flavell, 1979).”
Mathematics belief impact on metacognition in solving geometry: Middle school students
Suliani, M., Juniati, D., & Lukito, A. (2024) · Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) · doi:10.11591/edulearn.v18i2.21110 · Cited by 5
“Metacognitive knowledge involves three components: the learning process and one's beliefs about how they learn and others learn; learning tasks and how to process information effectively; and determining which strategies to use and when to utilize it [13].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAlotaibi, A. S. (2024) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-024-09384-z · Cited by 5
“By capturing the interconnections between items in the meta-cognitive network, EGA provides insights into how these processes unfold over time and in varying contexts (Flavell, 1979).”
Brausch-Böger, M. E., & Förster, M. (2024) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci14050485 · Cited by 13
Ahmad, F., & Alam, S. (2024) · World Journal of English Language · doi:10.5430/wjel.v14n6p77 · Cited by 5
Kalemkuş, J., & Kalemkuş, F. (2024) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-024-00546-8 · Cited by 6
“Metacognitive experiences are defined by Flavell (1979) as cognitive or emotional experiences that accompany or relate to a mental activity.”
InfluentialRemembering future intentions: Recent advancements in event- and time-based prospective memory
Zuber, S., Scarampi, C., Laera, G., & Kliegel, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15754-7.00023-7 · Cited by 7
Valzolgher, C., Federici, A., Giovanelli, E., et al. (2024) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2024.103747 · Cited by 5
“The ability to track one ’ s own internal states (i.e., metacognitive function; Efklides, 2008, Flavell, 1979) has often been investigated by assessing retrospective judgments.”
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Norberg, K. A., Han, H., Cho, B., & Fraundorf, S. H. (2025) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2025.102676 · Cited by 11
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Are Metacognition and Mindfulness related concepts
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Bowler, L. (2011) · Library and information science · doi:10.1108/s1876-0562(2011)002011a008 · Cited by 5
“Metacognition is deliberate, planful, intentional, goal-directed, future-oriented mental behavior that can be used to accomplish cognitive tasks (Flavell 1979).”
BackgroundThinking on Your Feet: Principals' Reflection-in-Action.
Bond, J. (2011) · The international journal of educational leadership preparation · Cited by 5
The Power of Technology for Learning
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“Flavell (1979) was the first to introduce the term metacognition.”
BackgroundDriscoll, M. P., & Lee, Y.-M. (2004) · Cited by 5
Drawing on What We Do as Readers
Gilles, C., Yang, W., & Johnson, D. (2015) · Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy · doi:10.1002/jaal.489 · Cited by 5
A Proposal for Thinking Strategically About Ethics Education
Nebeker, C. (2014) · The Journal of Philosophy Science & Law · doi:10.5840/jpsl20141413 · Cited by 5
“enhances self-responsibility for learning (Flavell 1979).”
BackgroundProject-based learning as a facilitator of self-regulation in a middle school curriculum.
Gerlach, D. L. (2011) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 5
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Self-Regulated Learning and the Understanding of Complex Outcomes
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Hung, H.-L. (2006) · Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/15505170.2006.10411611 · Cited by 6
“Metacognitive knowledge consists of the individual’s stored knowledge about one’s own and others’ strengths and shortcomings related to cognitive activities, goals, actions, and experiences (Flavell, 1976, 1979; Kluwe, 1982).”
BackgroundTeaching Teachers for Creativity
Montgomery, D. M. (1997) · High Ability Studies · doi:10.1080/1359813970080107 · Cited by 5
Levels of organization in urban navigation
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The Unmistakable Professional Promise of a Young Educational Psychology Researcher and Scholar
Levin, J. R. (2008) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520801942276 · Cited by 5
“construct of “metamemory” (Flavell & Wellman, 1977) and its more general manifestations, “metacognition” and “cognitive/comprehension monitoring” (Flavell, 1979, 1981), Mike joined Steven Yussen, Thomas DeRose, and me as a coinvestigator in an initial metamemory development study (Levin et al., 1977). In that study, f…”
BackgroundInfluentialTarefa experimental de metamemória para avaliar monitoramento e controle de memória
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“Despite having many definitions, the term "metacognition" is usually defined as an introspective awareness of cognitive states and their operations, and also as the individual's ability to control and plan his or her own thought processes and their products (Flavell, 1976, 1979).”
BackgroundReed, T. (2011) · MRS Bulletin · doi:10.1557/mrs.2011.62 · Cited by 5
The Impact of Cross-curricular Competences and Prior Knowledge on Learning Outcomes
Neuenhaus, N., Artelt, C., & Schneider, W. (2013) · International Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.5430/ijhe.v2n4p214 · Cited by 6
“In a seminal paper, Flavell (1979) argued that metamemory was not isolated from knowledge about other aspects of the mind, and he generalized the metamemory taxonomy developed in Flavell and Wellman (1977) to metacognition in general.”
BackgroundShoghi, S., & Ghonsooly, B. (2015) · Journal of Language Teaching and Research · doi:10.17507/jltr.0605.18 · Cited by 7
“Metacognition is comprised of two major components, namely knowledge of cognition, and regulation and monitoring of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995).”
BackgroundNew Approaches to the Psychological Treatment of Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder in Adults
Rees, C., & Anderson, R. A. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/53070 · Cited by 7
Gürçay, D., & BALTA, E. (2013) · Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching · Cited by 5
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“This error-detection process is inherently metacognitive [6], in that children had to compare their knowledge, expectations of, or predictions about the VE’s contents and “rules” (i.”
BackgroundThinking & Learning Skills: What Do We Expect of Students?.
Kendall, J., Ryan, S., Weeks, S., Alpert, A., Schwols, A., & Moore, L. (2008) · Cited by 5
McCardle, L. (2015) · Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education · doi:10.1080/19357397.2015.1123002 · Cited by 8
“One limitation of this area of research to date is a focus on metacognition, the monitoring, and control of cognition (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundÖzdemir, İ. E. Y. (2006) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 4
Issues of importance in engineering education and distance learning
Anastasiadis, P., & Metaxas, G. (2006) · Cited by 5
Diao, A., & Park, D. S. (2011) · Cited by 5
Pieschl, S., & Moll, R. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.008 · Cited by 5
“Metacognitions about one’s own cognitions (Flavell, 1979) are at the core of such selfregulatory processes: For example, processes of metacognitive monitoring are necessary to diagnose one’s current state of learning, and processes of metacognitive control are necessary to initiate, for example,…”
BackgroundExploring Factors Related to Young Children’s Word-Meaning Derivations During Read-Alouds
Christ, T., Wang, X. C., & Chiu, M. M. (2016) · Reading Psychology · doi:10.1080/02702711.2016.1193584 · Cited by 5
“Metacognition is a person’s knowledge and regulation of their cognitive processes (Brown, 1978; Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundChallenges to Use Recommender Systems to Enhance Meta-Cognitive Functioning in Online Learners
Zhou, M., & Xu, Y. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-2455-9.ch099 · Cited by 5
“It relates a learner’s knowledge of personal characteristics, knowledge of the task to be completed and knowledge of the strategies available, to those strategies used to select, execute, monitor and control tasks (Flavell, 1979).”
MethodO’Brien, M. A., & Rogers, W. A. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-1966-1.ch006 · Cited by 5
To Err Is (Not Only) Human: Fallibility as a Window Into Primate Cognition
Beran, M. J. (2017) · Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews · doi:10.3819/ccbr.2017.120006 · Cited by 6
“Metacognition often is referred to as thinking about thinking (Flavell, 1979; Metcalfe & Shimamura, 1994; Nelson, 1992), and its utility, in large part, comes from how it allows organisms to recognize their own 68 COMPARATIVE COGNITION & BEHAVIOR REVIEWS Beran cognitive strengths and weaknesses in…”
Polat, B. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/5510657 · Cited by 5
Investigation of Self-Efficacy Perception and Metacognitive Awareness of Prospective Teachers
Yavuz, D., & Memiş, A. (2010) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 5
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Classroom Management And Metacognition Of High School Teachers
Arockiasamy, S. (2017) · i-manager s Journal on School Educational Technology · doi:10.26634/jsch.12.4.13549 · Cited by 5
“May 2017 cognition and learning experiences through a set of activities that help people control their learning (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundDiscipline and gender variation in ESP learners’ use of metacognitive strategies
Seifoori, Z. (2014) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 5
Motivacija i strategije samoregulacije učenja: teorija, mjerenje i primjena
Lončarić, D. (2015) · Cited by 5
Curiosity and Its Influence on Children's Memory.
Walin, H., O’Grady, S., & Xu, F. (2016) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 7
Developing Scientific Thinking Through Inquiry Learning
Farida, I. A., Suminar, D. R., & Nawangsari, N. A. F. (2018) · International Conference on Learning Innovation (ICLI) · doi:10.2991/icli-17.2018.3 · Cited by 5
“Metacognition refers to knowledge and cognition of cognitive phenomena [11].”
BackgroundAlkan, F. (2017) · Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education · doi:10.30703/cije.333563 · Cited by 5
“Bilişötesi öğrenme stratejileri, bireylere etkili okuma, anlama, hipotez üretme ve test etme, eleştirel düşünme, problem çözme, kendi kendini kontrol etme becerileri kazandırırken bu becerilerin gelişmesinde de rol oynamaktadır (Flavell, 1979).”
When “doing” matters: The emergence of group–level regulation in planning for a music lesson
Hurme, T.-R., Puurtinen, M., & Gruber, H. G. (2018) · Music Education Research · doi:10.1080/14613808.2018.1484435 · Cited by 7
“Working with individuals and other group members in a collaborative way requires individuals to regulate their own and the group’s learning goals (Järvelä and Hadwin 2013) through monitoring and evaluating (Flavell 1979; Schraw, Wise, and Roos 2000).”
BackgroundA learning philosophy assignment positively impacts student learning outcomes
Haave, N., Keus, K., & Simpson, T. (2018) · Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching · doi:10.22329/celt.v11i0.4969 · Cited by 7
Ng, A. R. J., Bucks, R. S., Loft, S. D., Woods, S. P., & Weinborn, M. (2018) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2018.1491854 · Cited by 5
“Metacognition is thought to be comprised of two components: knowledge about one’s cognitive ability and monitoring of one’s current cognitive performance (e.g. Flavell, 1979; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw, Crippen, & Hartley, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialMetacognitive awareness of strategy use in EFL reading comprehension in Bangladesh
Aktar, T., & Ahmed, I. (2018) · Journal of ELT Research · doi:10.22236/jer_vol3issue2pp204-221 · Cited by 5
ŞEFİK, Ö., Urhan, S., & Yüksel, N. S. (2018) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/1.5078479 · Cited by 5
Critical Thinking for Architects
Tarasova, I. V. (2018) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/463/4/042046 · Cited by 5
Metacognition and Middle Grade Mathematics Teachers: Supporting Productive Struggle
Lemley, S. M., Ivy, J., Franz, D. P., et al. (2019) · The Clearing House A Journal of Educational Strategies Issues and Ideas · doi:10.1080/00098655.2018.1547264 · Cited by 5
Verification and validation: what do we mean?
Czocher, J. A., Stillman, G. A., & Brown, J. P. (2018) · Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Flavell, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, John H.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 906-911
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2093950336
- Cited by
- 11,282
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1118 · 2025: 902 · 2024: 768 · 2023: 751 · 2022: 680 · 2021: 687 · 2020: 666 · 2019: 603 · 2018: 518 · 2017: 449 · 2016: 415 · 2015: 410 · 2014: 451 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 336
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, cognitive monitoring, cognitive development, self-monitoring, metacognitive awareness
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