The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Collectively, these skills enable students to regulate their bidirectional relations with their contexts by processing, manipulating, and refining information; organize and recognize patterns in information; evaluate their thinking and learning strategies; intentionally transfer knowledge to new situations; and apply knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems (e.g., Flavell, 1979;Lai, 2011).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect, track their progress, and develop self-regulated learning (SRL) skills.”
From Directive, metacognitive, or a blend of both? A comparison of AI-generated feedback types on student engagement, confidence, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“This level of metacognitive engagement ' thinking about one's own thinking' is a hallmark of high-impact learning experiences (Flavell, 1979).”
From Co-creating custom GPTs: an autoethnographic study of undergraduate students as partners in generative AI innovation (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognition-cognition about cognition-encompasses the knowledge, monitoring, and regulation of one's own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
From The Metacognitive Paradox of AI-Assisted Creativity: A Theoretical Extension (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”
From University students' Motivated Attention and use of regulation strategies on social media (2015) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognitive knowledge and experiences are interrelated [64].”
From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“A fifth potential barrier to insight is metacognition, or the processes which allow persons to be aware of and form integrated and complex ideas about the self and others.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
Citations
Cites
Knowing when, where, and how to remember ; A problem of metacognition
Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
Perspectives on the Development of Memory and Cognition
Kail, R. V., & Hagen, J. W. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 927
An Interview Study of Children's Knowledge about Memory
Kreutzer, M. A., Leonard, C., Flavell, J. H., & Hagen, J. W. (1975) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165955 · Cited by 514
Self-citationRealizing That You Don't Understand: A Preliminary Investigation
Markman, E. M. (1977) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01257.x · Cited by 415
Developmental changes in memorization processes
Flavell, J. H., Friedrichs, A. G., & Hoyt, J. D. (1970) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(70)90019-8 · Cited by 401
Self-citationBrown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Barclay, C. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb04135.x · Cited by 185
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 4,501–4,600 of 10,404
Exploring the Wushu teaching on metacognitive learning skills: a literature review
Bao, L., Soh, K. G., Nasiruddin, N. J. M., Xie, H., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07390-1 · Cited by 8
“In pedagogical education, metacognition is the cognition of self-awareness and self-regulation of one’s learning process (Flavell, 1979).”
Seban, P., Šikl, R., & Urban, K. (2025) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102578 · Cited by 8
Peer Coaching to Reflect on Digital Games in Geography Lessons During the Debriefing
Baßeng, G., & Budke, A. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15040445 · Cited by 7
Inference About Absence as a Window Into the Mental Self-Model
Mazor, M. (2025) · Open Mind · doi:10.1162/opmi_a_00206 · Cited by 7
“It is likely that parts of the model are not available to introspection at all (in contrast to explicit beliefs and narratives we may hold about ourselves), but affect our behaviour in interesting ways nonetheless (Flavell, 1979).”
Geng, X., & Yamada, M. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251341675 · Cited by 6
“Metacognition, broadly defined as ‘‘cognition of cognition,’’ plays a crucial role in enhancing learners’ awareness and control of their cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
Batterbee, R., Bradshaw, J., Frost, A., et al. (2025) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104444 · Cited by 6
Plan More, Debug Less: Applying Metacognitive Theory to AI-Assisted Programming Education
Phung, T., Choi, H., Wu, M., Singla, A. K., & Brooks, C. A. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-98414-3_1 · Cited by 14
“Metacognitive scaffolds are instructional support mechanisms that help students plan, monitor, and evaluate their learning processes while fostering self-regulation and strengthening adaptive problem-solving skills [13–15].”
Xu, Z., Du, W., Zhao, H., Liu, Q., & Xie, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1616452 · Cited by 6
Zhang, D., Wen, L., & Wu, J. G. (2025) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.70189 · Cited by 10
Investigating Indonesian EFL students’ writing strategies: a framework for self-assessment
Taufiqulloh, T., Nindya, M. A., Sulistyawati, A. E., & Sumekto, D. R. (2025) · Language Testing in Asia · doi:10.1186/s40468-025-00388-3 · Cited by 6
“These include planning, monitoring, and evaluating one’s writing with the aim of achieving specific rhetorical or linguistic goals (Flavell, 1979; Zimmerman, 2000; Teng & Zhang, 2021).”
Seow, T. X. F., Jelinek, L., Moritz, S., & Hauser, T. U. (2025) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-025-00503-4 · Cited by 11
Kang, B., Kim, J., Yun, T., Bae, H., & Kim, C.-E. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100901 · Cited by 6
“Metacognition refers to a higher-order cognitive function closely related to self-awareness in humans, allowing individuals to evaluate and regulate their knowledge and learning processes [34].”
Under pressure: how time constraints, task complexity, and AI reliability shape human-AI interaction
Hermanns, L., & Teubner, T. (2025) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2025.2587732 · Cited by 12
Müller, C. S. L., Hansen, T., & Renzelmann, C. (2025) · JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft · doi:10.1111/ddg.15985 · Cited by 5
“67 A more modern definition describes metacognition as thinking about one’s own thinking and includes the ability to reflect on, control, and optimize cognitive processes.”
Amir, A. (2026) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci16020318 · Cited by 8
Guo, Y., & Ye, Q. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-06621-5 · Cited by 9
“From the early days of metacognitive research, scholars have emphasized the need to distinguish between different components of meta-cognition (Flavell, 1979).”
InfluentialLearning to learn: Assessment of metacognitive competencies
Frenkel, S., & Nobile, D. (2014) · Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège) · Cited by 5
Bojāre, I. (2016) · Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability · doi:10.1515/jtes-2016-0009 · Cited by 6
Double, K. S., & Birney, D. P. (2017) · Cognitive Science · Cited by 4
Estimations of Competence in Neurodevelopmental Conditions
Toplak, M. E., Weiss, J. A., Doidge, J., & Wanstall, E. A. (2019) · Psihologijske teme · doi:10.31820/pt.28.1.10 · Cited by 8
“Metamemory Paradigms Metamemory is an aspect of metacognition that specifically addresses one's awareness of their own memory capabilities, which includes reflecting on one's memory skills and using this knowledge to subsequently regulate one's learning (Bebko, McMorris, Metcalfe, Ricciuti, & Goldstein, 2014; Flavell,…”
BackgroundGershgoren, L., Blatt, A., Sela, T., & Tenenbaum, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.615018 · Cited by 7
Tay, L. Y., Tan, L. S., Tan, J. Y., Aiyoob, T. B., Ong, M. W. L., Lim-Ratnam, C., & Chua, P. H. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01622-w · Cited by 6
“Metacognition was first defined by Flavell (1979) as “one’s knowledge about one’s own cognitive processes or anything related to them” (Cox, 1996, p. 15).”
BackgroundBeliefs and Attitudes that Influence Learning
Hedlund, A. (2021) · GiLE Journal of Skills Development · doi:10.52398/gjsd.2021.v1.i2.pp44-57 · Cited by 11
Children’s confidence using incorrect strategies on mathematical equivalence problems
Grenell, A., Nelson, L. J., Gardner, B., & Fyfe, E. R. (2022) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2022.101167 · Cited by 9
TEACHING CONCEPTUAL MODELS: USING DIRECT INSTRUCTION TO ENHANCE METACOGNITION
Reavey, B. M., & Zahay, D. L. (2022) · Marketing Education Review · doi:10.1080/10528008.2022.2059686 · Cited by 6
“Metacognition is defined as consciously thinking about one’s thoughts and calls for the ability to identify a problem, organize its components, select the most important components to solve the problem, and then resolve the problem (Flavell, 1979; Ramocki, 2007a).”
BackgroundEye tracking sentences in language education
Maia, M. A. R. (2022) · Diacrítica · doi:10.21814/diacritica.739 · Cited by 6
Rajcoomar, R., Morabe, O. N., & Breed, B. (2022) · Journal of Education · doi:10.1177/00220574221104974 · Cited by 11
“Research pioneered by Flavell (1979) de fi ned metacognition as “ knowledge and cognition about the cognitive phenomena.”
BackgroundStudents’ metacognitive judgments in online search: a calibration study
Zhou, M. (2022) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-022-11217-y · Cited by 8
“The concept of metacognition was first introduced by Flavell (1979).”
BackgroundAcar, Ö. (2022) · Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/03055698.2022.2122702 · Cited by 9
“On the other hand, Flavell (1979) stressed the importance of metacognitive knowing and metacognitive strategies in conceptualising metacognition.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMason, A. J., McCardell, J. M., White, P. A., & Colton, J. S. (2023) · Physical Review Physics Education Research · doi:10.1103/physrevphyseducres.19.020104 · Cited by 8
Koevoets-Beach, C., Julian, K., & Balabanoff, M. E. (2023) · Chemistry Education Research and Practice · doi:10.1039/d3rp00127j · Cited by 12
Student Perception of Journaling as an Assessment for an Engagement Experience
Dinç, E., Wherley, M. S., & Sankey, H. (2023) · Journal of Experiential Education · doi:10.1177/10538259231203671 · Cited by 6
“Our conceptual framework is based on experiential learning (e.g., Heinrich et al., 2015; Kolb, 2015; Zeivots, 2018), scaffolding (e.g., Belland et al., 2013; Coulson & Harvey, 2013; Radovic ́ et al., 2021) and metacognition (e.g., Flavell, 1979; Liuoliene ̇ & Metiu ̄ niene, 2009; Tanner, 2012).”
Мартин-Луенго, Б., Hu, Z., Cadavid, S. E., & Luna, K. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286824 · Cited by 8
“Successful monitoring during learning processes allows the implementation of strategies that may maximize the acquisition of new knowledge [5–8].”
BackgroundTheoretical underpinnings of technology-based interactive instruction
Khalid, N., Zapparrata, N. M., & Phillips, B. C. (2023) · Teaching and learning in nursing · doi:10.1016/j.teln.2023.10.004 · Cited by 6
Zhang, W., Zhong, X., Fan, F., & Jiang, X. (2023) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-023-00788-0 · Cited by 9
“Metacognitive awareness refers to the ability to comprehend and regulate one’s own cognitive processes (Hacker et al., 1998), consisting of two components: metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation (Brown, 1978; Flavell, 1979).”
García, V. (2023) · Digital · doi:10.3390/digital4010002 · Cited by 6
“Reflective or Metacognitive Methodology, inspired by Flavell’s theory [43], is incorporated through self-assessment.”
You better listen to yourself: studying metacognitive efficiency in emotion recognition by voice
Sinvani, R.-T., & Fogel‐Grinvald, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2024.1366597 · Cited by 6
Qian, J., Li, C., & Li, D. (2024) · Language Awareness · doi:10.1080/09658416.2024.2375629 · Cited by 9
“Metacognitive experiences were first introduced by Flavell (1979) as cognitive and affective experiences.”
Sun, X., & Ch’ng, E. (2024) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101061 · Cited by 8
How Metacognitions Contribute to Compulsive Online Shopping: An Exploratory Study
Fioravanti, G., Spada, M. M., Benucci, S. B., Casale, S., & Gori, A. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23752 · Cited by 7
Yoo, K., & Ahn, S. (2024) · The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education · doi:10.32431/kace.2024.27.4.002 · Cited by 6
Cai, Y., Xing, K., Wang, C., et al. (2024) · Language Awareness · doi:10.1080/09658416.2024.2428169 · Cited by 6
“Flavell proposed the concept of metacognition and defined it as the awareness of one’s thoughts (Flavell, 1979).”
Balconi, M., Allegretta, R. A., & Angioletti, L. (2024) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-024-10189-8 · Cited by 6
Fu, Y., & Qi, C. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-07216-6 · Cited by 6
“Flavell (1979) further distinguished metacognitive knowledge as the declarative knowledge of the interactions between personal characteristics, task characteristics, and available strategies in a learning scenario.”
InfluentialAmini, F., Eshaghi, S. M., Roghanizadeh, M., & Zarrinabadi, N. (2025) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-025-00949-3 · Cited by 6
“Many of the learning theories that emerged during the 1970s, including the expectancy-value model (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1974), metacognitive theory (Flavell, 1979), socio-educational model (Gardner & Lambert, 1972), and theory of social representations (Moscovici et al., 1976), centered their focus on…”
Amir, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1406205 · Cited by 7
“SRL includes cognition: strategies for understanding and problem-solving, metacognition: awareness and regulation of cognitive processes and motivation: beliefs about abilities and tasks (Bandura and Cervone, 1986; Flavell, 1979).”
Berk, E. H., & Aydın, S. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-3678-7.ch011 · Cited by 7
Reflecting, Regulating, Adapting: Metacognition’s Role in Journalism Practices
Johnson, P. R., Gran, E., & Cohn, S. (2025) · Journalism Studies · doi:10.1080/1461670x.2025.2518457 · Cited by 6
“The lead researcher and Trusting News collaborated to develop this Trust Kits intervention on a foundation of metacognitive learning theory (Flavell 1979; Schraw and Dennison 1994), reflective practice (Ramad-hanti et al. 2020), and transparency (Karlsson 2010), thus adapting the Trust Kits to…”
Recalibrating Self‐Assessment: Navigating Imposter Syndrome Through Metacognitive Reflection
Geringer, J. L., LaDonna, K. A., Varpio, L., & Merkebu, J. (2025) · The Clinical Teacher · doi:10.1111/tct.70197 · Cited by 9
“Many metacognition studies, covering cognitive and emotional self-evaluation processes [11], examine how people adjust self-assessment.”
Zohar, A. E., David, S., Michalsky, T., & Weinberger, Y. (2025) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2025.105178 · Cited by 7
Dixon, R. A. (2010) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 6
Metamemory in Schizophrenia: Monitoring or Control Deficit?
Izaute, M., & Bacon, É. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6546-2_7 · Cited by 7
“Thus, as suggested by Bacon, Danion, Kauffmann-Muller, and Bruant (2001), the concept of metamemory, which refers to people’s awareness of their own memory capacity and control of related behavior ( Flavell, 1979 ), is of interest for a better understanding of the cognitive behavior of schizophrenia patients.”
BackgroundInfluentialNew metacognitive model for human performance technology
Turner, J. R. (2011) · Performance Improvement Journal · doi:10.1002/pfi.20229 · Cited by 6
Samadi, M., & Davaii, M. (2012) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.01.057 · Cited by 6
“Alborzi, S., & Samani, S. (2000). Compare motivational believes and self- regulation strategies between girls and boys middle school in gifted school Shiraz City. Journal of Social Science and Humanities Shiraz, 1, 3-18. Bandura. A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood…”
BackgroundInfluentialPersonalization Approaches in Learning Environments
Santos, O. C., Kravčík, M., & Pérez-Marín, D. (2012) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28509-7_12 · Cited by 6
Güven, M. (2012) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · doi:10.17718/tojde.73453 · Cited by 6
O Monitoramento Metacognitivo em Tarefas que Envolvem a Criatividade Verbal
Deffendi, L. T., & Schelini, P. W. (2016) · Psicologia Teoria e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/0102-3772e323221 · Cited by 6
Ng, C. H., & Cheung, Y. L. (2017) · Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-60092-9_4 · Cited by 6
Inclusion Teaching Style and Metacognition in Physical Education Classes
Chatzipanteli, A. (2018) · doi:10.31058/j.edu.2018.11004 · Cited by 6
Seiradakis, E. V., & Spantidakis, Ι. (2018) · IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) · doi:10.1109/educon.2018.8363367 · Cited by 7
de Assis, M. R., Maraglia, P. H., Brandão, M. A. G., et al. (2018) · Escola Anna Nery · doi:10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2017-0440 · Cited by 6
When a Right Goes Wrong: The Unintended Consequences of India's Right to Education Act
Iyer, G., & Counihan, C. (2018) · Economic Affairs · doi:10.1111/ecaf.12314 · Cited by 5
Thinking about How We Think: Promoting Museum Literacy Skills with Metacognition
Sims, S. (2018) · Journal of Museum Education · doi:10.1080/10598650.2018.1512821 · Cited by 6
Preiss, D. D., Grau, V., Irribarra, D. T., & Calcagni, E. (2018) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cad.20260 · Cited by 6
Metacognition, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Firm Performance: An Upper Echelons View
Najmaei, A., & Sadeghinejad, Z. (2019) · Contributions to management science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-19685-1_5 · Cited by 6
Evaluación de la metacognición sobre el estudio en estudiantes de psicología
Fernández, R. (2019) · Psicoespacios · doi:10.25057/21452776.1198 · Cited by 6
Bayrak, F., & Yurdugül, H. (2019) · European Journal of Open Distance and E-Learning · doi:10.2478/eurodl-2018-0003 · Cited by 6
“The term metacognition, first used by Flavell (1979), is defined as “thinking about thinking”, and was elaborated by Martinez (2006) as monitoring and controlling thought.”
MethodMetacognitive Capability: The Superordinate Competence for the Twenty-First Century
Sale, D. (2020) · Cognitive science and technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3469-0_3 · Cited by 8
Baumgartner, J. S., Litvan, Z., Koch, M., Hinterbuchinger, B., Friedrich, F., Baumann, L., & Mossaheb, N. (2020) · Neuropsychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s40211-020-00348-8 · Cited by 7
Twitter and reflection: tweeting towards deeper learning
Corrales, K. A., & Erwin, T. C. (2020) · Reflective Practice · doi:10.1080/14623943.2020.1779048 · Cited by 6
“It has also arisen as a component of metacognition (Flavell, 1979; A. L. Brown, 1987).”
BackgroundÖğretmen Adaylarının Okuma Stratejileri Bilişsel Farkındalık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Yemenici, A. İ., & Hacer, U. L. U. (2020) · Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi · doi:10.16916/aded.793896 · Cited by 6
“Flavell (1979), bilişsel farkındalık kavramını, kişinin entelektüel gelişimine katkı sağlayan, bilinçli bilişsel ve etkili deneyimlerini düşünmesi, işi ve strateji hakkında sahip olduğu bilgi düzeyi olarak ifade etmiştir.”
Mahlaba, S. C. (2020) · Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education · doi:10.29333/ejmste/9279 · Cited by 8
Jagals, D. (2020) · Becoming a teacher: Research on the work-integrated learning of student teachers · doi:10.4102/aosis.2020.bk215.03 · Cited by 1
The Importance of Soft Skills for University Students in the 21st Century
Pham, A. T. V., & Dao, H. T. T. (2020) · doi:10.1145/3441417.3441430 · Cited by 6
“Critical thinking has also been referred to as metacognition [15] or the process of “thinking about thinking” as defined and originally purposed by Flavell [16].”
BackgroundI could do that in my sleep: skilled performance in dreams
Rosen, M. G. (2021) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-021-03079-7 · Cited by 6
“Metacognition is complex because we might need implicit metacognition, which refers to unconscious processes7 (Dienes and Perner 2002) that monitor our progress even if explicit metacognition, i.e. conscious thoughts about thoughts (Flavell 1979), is not required (Shea et al.”
BackgroundMetacognición y resolución de problemas en niños escolarizados
Ceballos, E. C., Barras-Rodríguez, R., Gómez, B. B. L., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Education and Psychology · doi:10.32457/ejep.v14i2.1570 · Cited by 6
Evaluating the Impact of Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences on Student Pharmacist Metacognition
Isaacs, A. N., Steuber, T. D., Howard, M. L., Dy‐Boarman, E. A., & Nisly, S. A. (2021) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education · doi:10.5688/ajpe8676 · Cited by 6
Memory and metamemory for actions in children with autism: Exploring global metacognitive judgements
Wojcik, D. Z., Moulin, C. J. A., & Souchay, C. (2022) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104195 · Cited by 6
“Metamemory, i.e., our beliefs, reflections, and knowledge about memory (Flavell, 1979), has been linked to the theory of mind, our ability to understand other ’ s mental states (Frith & Happ ´ e, 1999), as well as to executive functioning, the higher order co-ordination of cognitive processes…”
D’Souza, B., & Broeseker, A. E. (2022) · Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning · doi:10.1016/j.cptl.2022.04.011 · Cited by 7
Embedding L2 Listening Homework in Metacognitive Intervention: Listening Comprehension Development
Bozorgian, H., Muhammadpour, M., & Mahmoudi, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.819308 · Cited by 15
“Metacognition is often defined with the terse definition “cognition about cognition” or “thinking about thinking” (Flavell, 1979) and is used to regulate learning processes in general and language skills in particular (Vandergrift and Goh, 2012; Goh and Vandergrift, 2021).”
BackgroundPre-Service Preschool Teachers’ Metacognitive Awareness and Creative Thinking Domains
Tok, E. (2022) · Shanlax International Journal of Education · doi:10.34293/education.v10i3.4675 · Cited by 6
Reading Strategies and Reading Achievement in Middle School: Kazakhstani Young Learners
Akhmetova, A. B., Imambayeva, G., & Csapó, B. (2022) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440221113843 · Cited by 6
Features of teacher’s reflection: Connection with personal and professional value orientations
Belolutskaya, A. K., Криштофик, И. С., & Mkrtchyan, V. A. (2022) · The Education and science journal · doi:10.17853/1994-5639-2022-7-160-190 · Cited by 6
Gutierrez, A. P., & Londoño, D. M. M. (2022) · Praxis & Saber · doi:10.19053/22160159.v13.n33.2022.12500 · Cited by 12
Costa, A. N., Curtis, A. F., Musich, M. L., Guandique, A. A., & McCrae, C. S. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13751 · Cited by 6
Designing Teaching for Transfer in English for Academic Purposes
Jeon, H. (2022) · RELC Journal · doi:10.1177/00336882221135452 · Cited by 6
“The design of transfer journals was guided by the notion of metacognition, which is de fi ned as individual awareness of one ’ s own learning through the acts of planning, monitoring, evaluating, and re fl ecting (Flavell, 1979).”
How can metacognition be developed through problem-solving in higher education?
Penagos, H. P. (2011) · Ingeniería e Investigación · doi:10.15446/ing.investig.v31n1.20557 · Cited by 6
Metacognition and Causal Inference in Audiovisual Speech
Kimmet, F., Pedersen, S., Cardenas, V., Rubiera, C., Johnson, G., Sans, A., Baldwin, M. W., & Odegaard, B. (2023) · Multisensory Research · doi:10.1163/22134808-bja10094 · Cited by 6
Metacognition in Language Teaching and Research: A Conversation With Professor Lawrence Jun Zhang
Xu, Z. (2023) · RELC Journal · doi:10.1177/00336882231157497 · Cited by 6
“As for metacognitive knowledge, [JH] Flavell (1979) further categorized it into person knowledge, task knowledge and strategy knowledge.”
MethodClark, R. M., Kaw, A. K., & Guldiken, R. (2023) · International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education · doi:10.1177/03064190231164719 · Cited by 12
The role of intuiting practices in navigating strategic opportunities
Walsh, C., Knott, P. J., & Collins, J. D. (2023) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2023.102323 · Cited by 8
Joshpine, T., & Albina, A. P. (2023) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-023-11764-y · Cited by 10
“…is described as thinking about thinking, problem solving, decision making, and critical thinking, as well as reflective thinking, which involves active management of the cognitive process in order to teach future experiences and processes (Flavell, 1979; Gaile and Adams 2018; Lidor, 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialDo depressed patients really over-report cognitive impairment?
Beblo, T., Bergdolt, J., Kilian, M., Toepper, M., Moritz, S., Drießen, M., & Dehn, L. B. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.055 · Cited by 8
Martelletti, D. M., Luzuriaga, M., & Furman, M. (2023) · Trends in Neuroscience and Education · doi:10.1016/j.tine.2023.100213 · Cited by 6
First‐year undergraduate students’ statistical problem‐solving skills
Makwakwa, E. G., Mogari, D., & Ogbonnaya, U. I. (2023) · Teaching Statistics · doi:10.1111/test.12359 · Cited by 6
Invoking and identifying task-oriented interlocutor confusion in human-robot interaction
Li, N., & Ross, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Robotics and AI · doi:10.3389/frobt.2023.1244381 · Cited by 6
“In general, Flavell (1979) argued that metacognition is an exclusive human capacity involving self-reflection, monitoring and the governance of one’s own knowledge and thoughts.”
BackgroundDefining dignity in higher education as an alternative to requiring ‘Trigger Warnings’
MacLaren, G. (2024) · Nursing Philosophy · doi:10.1111/nup.12474 · Cited by 8
Dodlek, D., Planinšič, G., & Etkina, E. (2024) · Physical Review Physics Education Research · doi:10.1103/physrevphyseducres.20.010120 · Cited by 6
Comprehension monitoring across languages – The effect of online feedback
Temelman-Yogev, L., Prior, A., & Katzir, T. (2024) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.101928 · Cited by 6
Students’ Ability to Work with the Periodic Table: The Use of Three-Tier Tasks
Rusek, M., Tóthová, M., Chytrý, V., & Říčan, J. (2024) · Journal of Chemical Education · doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.4c00485 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Flavell, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, John H.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 906-911
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2093950336
- Cited by
- 11,282
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1118 · 2025: 902 · 2024: 768 · 2023: 751 · 2022: 680 · 2021: 687 · 2020: 666 · 2019: 603 · 2018: 518 · 2017: 449 · 2016: 415 · 2015: 410 · 2014: 451 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 336
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, cognitive monitoring, cognitive development, self-monitoring, metacognitive awareness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
