The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
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In the citing paper
“Collectively, these skills enable students to regulate their bidirectional relations with their contexts by processing, manipulating, and refining information; organize and recognize patterns in information; evaluate their thinking and learning strategies; intentionally transfer knowledge to new situations; and apply knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems (e.g., Flavell, 1979;Lai, 2011).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect, track their progress, and develop self-regulated learning (SRL) skills.”
From Directive, metacognitive, or a blend of both? A comparison of AI-generated feedback types on student engagement, confidence, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“This level of metacognitive engagement ' thinking about one's own thinking' is a hallmark of high-impact learning experiences (Flavell, 1979).”
From Co-creating custom GPTs: an autoethnographic study of undergraduate students as partners in generative AI innovation (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognition-cognition about cognition-encompasses the knowledge, monitoring, and regulation of one's own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
From The Metacognitive Paradox of AI-Assisted Creativity: A Theoretical Extension (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”
From University students' Motivated Attention and use of regulation strategies on social media (2015) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognitive knowledge and experiences are interrelated [64].”
From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“A fifth potential barrier to insight is metacognition, or the processes which allow persons to be aware of and form integrated and complex ideas about the self and others.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
Citations
Cites
Knowing when, where, and how to remember ; A problem of metacognition
Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
Perspectives on the Development of Memory and Cognition
Kail, R. V., & Hagen, J. W. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 927
An Interview Study of Children's Knowledge about Memory
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Self-citationRealizing That You Don't Understand: A Preliminary Investigation
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Developmental changes in memorization processes
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Self-citationBrown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Barclay, C. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb04135.x · Cited by 185
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“Initially, the term fluency was used when investigating effects of metacognition and cognitive monitoring [1] on judgments.”
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“Metacognition Educational psychology has recently had significant focus on metacognition as a key enabler to being a successful learner 1,2,5,8,9,10,18 .”
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“Flavell [ 14 ] suggests that within some domains meta-cognitive knowledge might not be possible until one has some knowledge or expertise within that area.”
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“Investigators have recently concluded that Cognitive Monitoring (CM) played an important role in communication of information, oral persuasion, oral comprehension, reading comprehension, writing, language acquisition, attention, memory, problem-solving, social cognition, and various types of self-control and self-inst…”
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“Other ways of enhancing a child's cognitive and affective schemata may be found in research directed at "megacognition and cognitive monitoring" (Flavell, 1979).”
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“Metacognition knowledge is defined as general knowledge about how one learns and processes information, such as one's knowledge of the learning process itself [13].”
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“Researchers holding a cognitive perspective usually employ the terms “metacognition” and “executive functions” (Flavel, 1979; Whitebread et al., 2009) whereas others holding a temperament-based perspective tend to use the terms “temperament” or “effortful control” (Eisenberg et al., 2010; Kochanska…”
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“Also, in light of the vital role of task knowledge and ability in learning and cognitive development (Flavell, 1979), students ’ academic prestige associated with task-speci fi c skills, including both actual performance on the task and inferred ability as endorsed by the teacher, was adopted and…”
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“Metacognition, which may be defined as thinking about thinking , refers to the ability of individuals to understand and regulate their cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
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“…метакогнитивные оценки могут строиться на принципиально разных источниках, в связи с чем исследователи выделяют два класса метакогниций: метакогнитивные знания (metacognitive knowledge) и мета-когнитивные чувства или переживания (metacognitive feelings/experiences (Flavell, 1979; Koriat, 1998)).”
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“to Tarricone, namely cognitive knowledge and regulation (Flavell, 1979; Oz, 2016; Zhang & Seepho, 2013).”
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“Flavell (1979) asserts that metacognition consists of three broad components, namely metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive regulation, and metacognitive experiences.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialVitkova, V., Ristori, D., Cheron, G. A., Bazan, A., & Cebolla, A. M. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-60378-y · Cited by 2
“Moreover, the TNT phase in our protocol may be seen as a way to approach metacognition which is considered as the capacity to introspectively control one’s own cognitive processes 74,75 , such as during the repetitive switching between thinking or not thinking.”
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“Metacognition is defined as “thinking about thinking” [1] and describes the ability to monitor and control one’s cognitive processes [2].”
The effectiveness of the teaching program “scientific creativity in practice”
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“• Metacognitive skills include cognitive knowledge, such as knowledge about creative thinking styles [9, 33, 34], and cognitive regulation, such as assessing one’s strengths and weaknesses during creative teamwork [33, 35].”
Cognitive Approaches to Translanguaging
Fernández, L. M. P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-74145-6_6 · Cited by 2
Gao, D., & Chen, X. (2024) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-024-09408-8 · Cited by 6
“Metacognitive knowledge refers to necessary knowledge about specific variables related to tasks and how these variables interact to influence cognitive processes and outcomes (Flavell, 1979; Sweeney, 2010; Yapar, 2023).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Flavell, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, John H.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 906-911
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2093950336
- Cited by
- 11,282
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1118 · 2025: 902 · 2024: 768 · 2023: 751 · 2022: 680 · 2021: 687 · 2020: 666 · 2019: 603 · 2018: 518 · 2017: 449 · 2016: 415 · 2015: 410 · 2014: 451 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 336
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, cognitive monitoring, cognitive development, self-monitoring, metacognitive awareness
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