The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
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In the citing paper
“Collectively, these skills enable students to regulate their bidirectional relations with their contexts by processing, manipulating, and refining information; organize and recognize patterns in information; evaluate their thinking and learning strategies; intentionally transfer knowledge to new situations; and apply knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems (e.g., Flavell, 1979;Lai, 2011).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect, track their progress, and develop self-regulated learning (SRL) skills.”
From Directive, metacognitive, or a blend of both? A comparison of AI-generated feedback types on student engagement, confidence, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“This level of metacognitive engagement ' thinking about one's own thinking' is a hallmark of high-impact learning experiences (Flavell, 1979).”
From Co-creating custom GPTs: an autoethnographic study of undergraduate students as partners in generative AI innovation (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognition-cognition about cognition-encompasses the knowledge, monitoring, and regulation of one's own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
From The Metacognitive Paradox of AI-Assisted Creativity: A Theoretical Extension (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”
From University students' Motivated Attention and use of regulation strategies on social media (2015) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognitive knowledge and experiences are interrelated [64].”
From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“A fifth potential barrier to insight is metacognition, or the processes which allow persons to be aware of and form integrated and complex ideas about the self and others.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
Citations
Cites
Knowing when, where, and how to remember ; A problem of metacognition
Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
Perspectives on the Development of Memory and Cognition
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An Interview Study of Children's Knowledge about Memory
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Self-citationRealizing That You Don't Understand: A Preliminary Investigation
Markman, E. M. (1977) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01257.x · Cited by 415
Developmental changes in memorization processes
Flavell, J. H., Friedrichs, A. G., & Hoyt, J. D. (1970) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(70)90019-8 · Cited by 401
Self-citationBrown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Barclay, C. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb04135.x · Cited by 185
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“The table also provides a list of authors/researchers, kinds of mobile devices used in the studies, the benefits identified in the studies for students, the outcomes measured, and the results of the studies as the tasks impacted students (Flavell, 1979).”
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“…the details of their movement, as long as their goal is achieved (Blakemore et al., 2002; Custers & Aarts, 2010; Gaveau et al., 2014) A contradictory line of evidence comes from work on metacognition, i.e., the ability to monitor and control one’s internal processes (Flavell, 1979; Koriat, 2006).”
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“This knowledge consists of three categories of knowledge, which learners bring with them in the process of language learning: person knowledge, task knowledge and strategic knowledge (Flavell, 1979).”
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“Traditional metacognition involves monitoring and control of one’s own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979; Fleming & Lau, 2014), with computational models specifying how confidence judgements inform decision-making and learning (Fleming & Daw, 2017).”
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“Flavell first coined this term and defined it as “cognition about cognition” or “thinking about thinking” [9].”
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“Metacognition can well be defined as the awareness of cognition and its processes and complete control over cognition and its processes (Flavell, 1979, 1981, 1987).”
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“Ainsi, pour Flavell (1979) la métacognition concerne trois aspects : les personnes, les tâches et les stratégies.”
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“…cualquier intento de monitoreo y control sobre los propios procesos In tr o d u c c ió n 57 Tempus Ψ, 3(2), julio-diciembre, 2020, pp. 53-70Desempeño ejecutivo cognitivos (Flavell, 1979), los cuales están conformados por dos aspectos: el conocimiento de la cognición y la regulación de la cognición.”
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“Metacognition can be defined as the knowledge about one’s cognitive activities during learning processes and the regulation of these activities (Flavell, 1979).”
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“Metacognitive support Metacognition describes the awareness and regulation of one’s cognitive processes while learning (cognition of cognition; Flavell, 1979).”
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“Metacognition skills can be termed as an individual’s skills of his thinking processes and his ability to control these processes (Cakiroglu, 2007; Desoete & Ozsoy, 2009; Flavell, 1979; Hacker & Dunlosky, 2003; Ozsoy et al., 2009).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Flavell, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, John H.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 906-911
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2093950336
- Cited by
- 11,282
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1118 · 2025: 902 · 2024: 768 · 2023: 751 · 2022: 680 · 2021: 687 · 2020: 666 · 2019: 603 · 2018: 518 · 2017: 449 · 2016: 415 · 2015: 410 · 2014: 451 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 336
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, cognitive monitoring, cognitive development, self-monitoring, metacognitive awareness
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