Cited by 8,094Decision-Making and Behavioral EconomicsNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesCognitive Science and Education Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 149 of the 149 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.

Zajonc, R. B.·1980·American Psychologist

DOI 10.1037/0003-066x.35.2.151

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Affect is considered by most contempo-rary theories to be postcognitive, that is, to occur only after considerable cognitive operations have been ac-complished. Yet a number of experimental results on preferences, attitudes, impression formation, and de-_ cision making, as well as some clinical phenomena, suggest that affective judgments may be fairly inde-pendent of, and precede in time, the sorts of percep-tual and cognitive operations commonly assumed to be the basis of these affective judgments. Affective re-actions to stimuli are often the very first reactions of the organism, and for lower organisms they are the dominant reactions. Affective reactions can occur without extensive perceptual and cognitive encoding, are made with greater confidence than cognitive judg-

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0003-066x.35.2.151

Cites

149 of 149 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk
Kahneman, D. J., & Tversky, A. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511609220.014 · Cited by 32,720
The psychology of interpersonal relations
Heider, F. (1958) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089062 · Cited by 17,189
Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.
Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.3.231 · Cited by 11,317
Levels of processing: A framework for memory research
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(72)80001-x · Cited by 9,566
REMEMBERING: A STUDY IN EXPERIMENTAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Bartlett, F. C., & Burt, C. (1933) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1933.tb02913.x · Cited by 7,475
Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory
Shiffrin, R. M., & Schneider, W. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.127 · Cited by 7,335
Attitudinal Effects of Mere Exposure
Zajonc, R. B. (1968) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025848 · Cited by 6,745
Self-citation
Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0046234 · Cited by 6,223
Cognition and reality
Neisser, U. (1976) · Cited by 4,903
The growth of logical thinking: From childhood to adolescence.
Inhelder, B., & Piaget, J. (1958) · Basic Books · doi:10.1037/10034-000 · Cited by 4,607

Show all 146 references

Sorted by citations

Items 701–800 of 1,042

A sequential functional model of nonverbal exchange.
Patterson, M. L. (1982) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.89.3.231 · Cited by 248
Liking and Memory for Musical Stimuli as a Function of Exposure.
Szpunar, K. K., Schellenberg, E. G., & Pliner, P. P. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.30.2.370 · Cited by 247
Emotions in nondirected text learning
Ryan, R. M., Connell, J. P., & Plant, R. W. (1990) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/1041-6080(90)90014-8 · Cited by 247
Do alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome patients acquire affective reactions?
Johnson, M. K., Kim, J. K., & Risse, G. L. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.11.1.22 · Cited by 247
Application of frontal EEG asymmetry to advertising research
Ohme, R. K., Reykowska, D., Wiener, D., & Choromanska, A. (2010) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2010.03.008 · Cited by 246
Emotional intelligence or adaptive emotions?
Izard, C. E. (2001) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.1.3.249 · Cited by 246
MEMORY AND DECISION MAKING
Alba, J. W., Hutchinson, W., & Lynch, J. G. (2002) · Cited by 246
Deciding versus Reacting: Conceptions of Moral Judgment and the Reason-Affect Debate
Monin, B., Pizarro, D. A., & Beer, J. S. (2007) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.11.2.99 · Cited by 245
The Warm Glow Heuristic: When Liking Leads to Familiarity.
Monin, B. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.6.1035 · Cited by 245
Additivity of nonconscious affect: Combined effects of priming and exposure.
Murphy, S. T., Monahan, J. L., & Zajonc, R. B. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.589 · Cited by 245
Self-citation
Neural correlates of emotion-attention interactions: From perception, learning, and memory to social cognition, individual differences, and training interventions
Dolcos, F., Katsumi, Y., Moore, M., Berggren, N., de Gelder, B., Derakshan, N., Hamm, A. O., Koster, E. H. W., Ladouceur, C. D., Okon‐Singer, H., et al. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.017 · Cited by 247
Which of These Things Are Not Like the Others? Comparing the Rational, Emotional, and Moral Aspects of Reputation, Status, Celebrity, and Stigma
Pollock, T. G., Lashley, K., Rindova, V., & Han, J. (2019) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2017.0086 · Cited by 244
Individual Differences
Caprara, G. V., & Cervone, D. (2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511812767.006 · Cited by 244
Emotional Reactions to the Economy: I'm Mad as Hell and I'm not Going to Take it Anymore
Conover, P. J., & Feldman, S. (1986) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2111294 · Cited by 244
The potential influences of environmental perception on human health
Parsons, R. (1991) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80002-7 · Cited by 243
Counseling session impact as viewed by novice counselors and their clients.
Stiles, W. B., & Snow, J. S. (1984) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.31.1.3 · Cited by 241
An Investigation of the Processes by Which Product Design and Brand Strength Interact to Determine Initial Affect and Quality Judgments
Page, C. M., & Herr, P. M. (2002) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1202_06 · Cited by 240
The psychological significance of human startle eyeblink modification: a review
Filion, D. L., Dawson, M. E., & Schell, A. M. (1998) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(97)00020-3 · Cited by 240
Examining the Influence of Telepresence on Spectator and Player Processing of Real and Fictitious Brands in a Computer Game
Nelson, M. R., Yaros, R. A., & Keum, H. (2006) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.2753/joa0091-3367350406 · Cited by 239
The performance feedback process: A preliminary model
Larson, J. R. (1984) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(84)90011-4 · Cited by 239
Human Cognitive Processing
(2013) · Human cognitive processing · doi:10.1075/hcp · Cited by 239
Emotion perceived and emotion felt: Same and different
Kallinen, K., & Ravaja, N. (2006) · Musicae Scientiae · doi:10.1177/102986490601000203 · Cited by 238
The Role of Affect in the Creation and Intentional Pursuit of Entrepreneurial Ideas
Hayton, J. C., & Cholakova, M. (2011) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00458.x · Cited by 238
When does introspection bear fruit? Self-reflection, self-insight, and interpersonal choices.
Hixon, J. G., & Swann, W. B. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.64.1.35 · Cited by 238
The Role of Trust in the Affective Evaluation of Novel Risks: The Case of CO 2 Storage
Midden, C. J. H., & Huijts, N. M. A. (2009) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01201.x · Cited by 238
Travelers’ Health Risk Perceptions and Protective Behavior: A Psychological Approach
Chien, P. M., Sharifpour, M., Ritchie, B. W., & Watson, B. M. (2016) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287516665479 · Cited by 238
The Cognitive-Emotional Design and Study of Architectural Space: A Scoping Review of Neuroarchitecture and Its Precursor Approaches
Higuera-Trujillo, J. L., Llinares, C., & Macagno, E. R. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21062193 · Cited by 238
The Affective Dog and Its Rational Tale: Intuition and Attunement
Railton, P. (2014) · Ethics · doi:10.1086/675876 · Cited by 237
A structural equation analysis of Weiner's attribution--affect model of helping behavior.
Reisenzein, R. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1123 · Cited by 237
A Psychologist Looks at the Teaching of Ethics
Rest, J. R. (1982) · The Hastings Center Report · doi:10.2307/3560621 · Cited by 237
The Body and the Brain: Measuring Skin Conductance Responses to Understand the Emotional Experience
Christopoulos, G. I., Uy, M. A., & Yap, W. J. (2016) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428116681073 · Cited by 240
Differences in the affective processing of words and pictures
Houwer, J. D., & Hermans, D. (1994) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939408408925 · Cited by 236
Subliminal Conditioning of Attitudes
Krosnick, J. A., Betz, A. L., Jussim, L. J., & Lynn, A. R. (1992) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167292182006 · Cited by 236
Expectations, Impressions, and Judgments of Physically Attractive Students: A Review
Ritts, V., Patterson, M. L., & Tubbs, M. E. (1992) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543062004413 · Cited by 235
Facial Similarity between Voters and Candidates Causes Influence
Bailenson, J. N., Iyengar, S., Yee, N., & Collins, N. A. (2008) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfn064 · Cited by 235
Compatibility Effects in Judgment and Choice
Slovic, P., Griffin, D., & Tversky, A. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.014 · Cited by 235
In defense of a prototype approach to emotion concepts.
Russell, J. A. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.1.37 · Cited by 234
Disgust Sensitivity and the Neurophysiology of Left-Right Political Orientations
Smith, K. B., Oxley, D. R., Hibbing, M. V., Alford, J. R., & Hibbing, J. R. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025552 · Cited by 234
The seven sins of consumer psychology
Pham, M. T. (2013) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2013.07.004 · Cited by 234
The generalizability of subliminal mere exposure effects: Influence of stimuli perceived without awareness on social behavior.
Bornstein, R. F., Leone, D. R., & Galley, D. J. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.53.6.1070 · Cited by 234
Reinforcement learning in depression: a review of computational research
Chen, C., Takahashi, T., Nakagawa, S., Inoue, T., & Kusumi, I. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.05.005 · Cited by 233
Intuition in Management Research: A Historical Review
Akinci, Ç., & Sadler‐Smith, E. (2011) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2011.00313.x · Cited by 233
Liking for happy- and sad-sounding music: Effects of exposure
Schellenberg, E. G., Peretz, I., & Vieillard, S. (2008) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930701350753 · Cited by 233
Emotional reactions to ethnic minorities
Dijker, A. J. M. (1987) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420170306 · Cited by 233
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Reward Circuitry in the Human
BREITER, H. C., & Rosen, B. R. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09287.x · Cited by 233
Mode of Functional Connectivity in Amygdala Pathways Dissociates Level of Awareness for Signals of Fear
Williams, L. M., Das, P., Liddell, B. J., Kemp, A. H., Rennie, C. J., & Gordon, E. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1016-06.2006 · Cited by 232
“Human emotions are more easily influenced when we are not consciously aware of the influence (Zajonc, 1980).”
Background
Talking about emotions: Semantics, culture, and cognition
Wierzbicka, A. (1992) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939208411073 · Cited by 232
The use of stories in moral development: New psychological reasons for an old education method.
Vitz, P. C. (1990) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.45.6.709 · Cited by 232
THE HOT AND COOL OF DEATH AWARENESS AT WORK: MORTALITY CUES, AGING, AND SELF-PROTECTIVE AND PROSOCIAL MOTIVATIONS.
Grant, A. M., & WADE-BENZONI, K. A. (2009) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2009.44882929 · Cited by 231
Making sense: The acquisition of shared meaning
Moerk, E. L. (1986) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/0273-2297(86)90018-3 · Cited by 231
The social media revolution: Sharing and learning in the age of leaky knowledge
Leonardi, P. M. (2017) · Information and Organization · doi:10.1016/j.infoandorg.2017.01.004 · Cited by 230
Once in contact always in contact: Evaluative conditioning is resistant to extinction
Baeyens, F., Crombez, G., den Bergh, O. V., & Eelen, P. (1988) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(88)90014-8 · Cited by 230
Psychological Reality of the Word in Chinese
Hoosain, R. (1992) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(08)61889-0 · Cited by 229
The Definition, Assessment, and Mitigation of State Boredom Within Educational Settings: A Comprehensive Review
Vogel-Walcutt, J. J., Fiorella, L., Carper, T. M., & Schatz, S. L. (2011) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-011-9182-7 · Cited by 229
Consumers’ Emotional Bonds with Foreign Countries: Does Consumer Affinity Affect Behavioral Intentions?
Oberecker, E. M., & Diamantopoulos, A. (2011) · Journal of International Marketing · doi:10.1509/jimk.19.2.45 · Cited by 229
An Emotion‐Based Model of Risk Perception and Stigma Susceptibility: Cognitive Appraisals of Emotion, Affective Reactivity, Worldviews, and Risk Perceptions in the Generation of Technological Stigma†
Peters, E. M., Burraston, B., & Mertz, C. K. (2004) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00531.x · Cited by 227
The Disorder of Consciousness in Schizophrenia
Anscombe, R. (1987) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/13.2.241 · Cited by 227
In Defense of Sentimentality
Solomon, R. C. (2004) · doi:10.1093/019514550x.001.0001 · Cited by 226
Functional association of the amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex during cognitive evaluation of facial expressions primed by masked angry faces: an event-related fMRI study
Nomura, M., Ohira, H., Haneda, K., Iidaka, T., Sadato, N., Okada, T., & Yonekura, Y. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.021 · Cited by 226
Irony and the Social Construction of Contradiction in the Humor of a Management Team
Hatch, M. J. (1997) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.8.3.275 · Cited by 226
Collective Emotions Online and Their Influence on Community Life
Chmiel, A., Sienkiewicz, J., Thelwall, M. A., Paltoglou, G., Buckley, K. A., Kappas, A., & Hołyst, J. A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022207 · Cited by 226
Electronic Message Systems in the University: A Description of Use and Utility
Rice, R. E., & Case, D. O. (1983) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1983.tb02380.x · Cited by 226
Behavioral and Organizational Considerations in the Design of Information Systems and Processes for Planning and Decision Support
Sage, A. P. (1981) · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/tsmc.1981.4308761 · Cited by 225
How Brand Reputation Affects the Advertising-Brand Equity Link
Chaudhuri, A. (2002) · Journal of Advertising Research · doi:10.2501/jar-42-3-33-43 · Cited by 224
Delusions and Brain Injury: The Philosophy and Psychology of Belief
Stone, T., & Young, A. W. (1997) · Mind & Language · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0017.1997.tb00077.x · Cited by 224
Enhancing Service Loyalty
Ahrholdt, D. C., Gudergan, S. P., & Ringle, C. M. (2016) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287516649058 · Cited by 224
Images in International Relations: An Experimental Test of Cognitive Schemata
Herrmann, R. K., Voss, J. F., Schooler, T. Y., & Ciarrochi, J. (1997) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00050 · Cited by 224
Toward A Comprehensive Theory of Emotion
Leventhal, H. (1980) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60132-x · Cited by 224
Judgment and Decision Making: The Dance of Affect and Reason
Finucane, M. L., Peters, E. M., & Slovic, P. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511609978.012 · Cited by 223
Developmental differences in the nature of self-representations: Implications for the understanding, assessment, and treatment of maladaptive behavior
Harter, S. (1990) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01176205 · Cited by 223
Social Information Processing and Survey Methodology.
Alwin, D. F., Hippler, H., Schwarz, N., & Sudman, S. (1989) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2073160 · Cited by 223
What Is Beautiful Is Good Because What Is Beautiful Is Desired: Physical Attractiveness Stereotyping as Projection of Interpersonal Goals
Lemay, E. P., Clark, M. S., & Greenberg, A. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167209359700 · Cited by 222
Noncognitive Effects on Attitude Formation and Change: Fact or Artifact?
Fishbein, M., & Middlestadt, S. E. (1995) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp0402_05 · Cited by 222
A balanced thinking–feelings model of information systems continuance
Kim, H., Chan, H. C., & Chan, Y. P. (2007) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.11.009 · Cited by 222
The influence of virtual presence: Effects on experienced cognitive load and learning outcomes in educational computer games
Schrader, C., & Bastiaens, T. J. (2011) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.011 · Cited by 222
Moral psychology for the twenty-first century
Haidt, J. (2013) · Journal of Moral Education · doi:10.1080/03057240.2013.817327 · Cited by 221
“I” Follow My Heart and “We” Rely on Reasons: The Impact of Self-Construal on Reliance on Feelings versus Reasons in Decision Making
Hong, J., & Chang, H. H. (2015) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/680082 · Cited by 221
Lateralization of olfactory processes
Royet, J.-P. (2004) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjh067 · Cited by 220
Emotional Empathy as Related to Mimicry Reactions at Different Levels of Information Processing
Sonnby‐Borgström, M., Jönsson, P., & Svensson, O. (2003) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1023608506243 · Cited by 220
Determinants of fast-food consumption. An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Dunn, K. I., Mohr, P. B., Wilson, C. J., & Wittert, G. (2011) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.06.004 · Cited by 220
An Attribution-Empathy Model of Helping Behavior
Betancourt, H. M. (1990) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167290163015 · Cited by 220
The Role of Emotions in Advertising: A Call to Action
Poels, K., & Dewitte, S. (2019) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.2019.1579688 · Cited by 220
Emotion in psychotherapy.
Greenberg, L. S., & Safran, J. D. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.1.19 · Cited by 219
List-context effects in evaluative priming.
Klauer, K. C., Roßnagel, C. S., & Musch, J. (1997) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.23.1.246 · Cited by 219
Evaluation and description of psychotherapy sessions by clients using the Session Evaluation Questionnaire and the Session Impacts Scale.
Stiles, W. B., Reynolds, S. A., Hardy, G. E., Rees, A., Barkham, M., & Shapiro, D. A. (1994) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.41.2.175 · Cited by 219
The nonconscious cessation of goal pursuit: When goals and negative affect are coactivated.
Aarts, H., Custers, R., & Holland, R. W. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.2.165 · Cited by 219
Cognition and Affect in Stereotyping: Parallel Interactive Networks
Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (1993) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-088579-7.50010-7 · Cited by 219
A meta-analysis of factors related to recycling
Geiger, J. L., Steg, L., van der Werff, E., & Ünal, A. B. (2019) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.05.004 · Cited by 219
Emotion regulation, procrastination, and watching cat videos online: Who watches Internet cats, why, and to what effect?
Myrick, J. G. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.001 · Cited by 219
Perspectives on consumer decision making: an integrated approach
Hansen, T. (2005) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.33 · Cited by 218
Brilliant but cruel: Perceptions of negative evaluators
Amabile, T. M. (1983) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(83)90034-3 · Cited by 218
An Apple is More Than Just a Fruit: Cross-Classification in Children's Concepts
Nguyen, S. P., & Murphy, G. L. (2003) · Child Development · doi:10.1046/j.1467-8624.2003.00638.x · Cited by 218
Effects of rational and social appeals of online recommendation agents on cognition- and affect-based trust
Wang, W., Qiu, L., Kim, D., & Benbasat, I. (2016) · Decision Support Systems · doi:10.1016/j.dss.2016.03.007 · Cited by 218
Trying Hard or Hardly Trying: An Analysis of Context Effects in Choice
Dhar, R., Nowlis, S. M., & Sherman, S. J. (2000) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp0904_1 · Cited by 218
The impact of service failures on customer loyalty
Mattila, A. S. (2004) · International Journal of Service Industry Management · doi:10.1108/09564230410532475 · Cited by 217
Maps of subjective feelings
Nummenmaa, L., Hari, R., Hietanen, J. K., & Glerean, E. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1807390115 · Cited by 216
Pain and analgesia: the value of salience circuits
Borsook, D., Edwards, R., Elman, I., Becerra, L., & Levine, J. (2013) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.02.003 · Cited by 215
Social Structure, Psychology, And The Estimation Of Risk
Heimer, C. A. (1988) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.so.14.080188.002423 · Cited by 215
In Defence of the Doxastic Conception of Delusions
Bayne, T., & Pacherie, É. (2005) · Mind & Language · doi:10.1111/j.0268-1064.2005.00281.x · Cited by 215
Risk perception and driving behaviour among adolescents in two Norwegian counties before and after a traffic safety campaign
Rundmo, T., & Iversen, H. H. (2003) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/s0925-7535(02)00047-4 · Cited by 215

Authors: Zajonc, R. B.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author: Zajonc, R. B.
Venue: American Psychologist
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1980-02
Volume: 35
Issue: 2
Pages: 151-175
ISSN: 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
1935-990X
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066x.35.2.151
OpenAlex: W2042276900
Cited by: 8,094
References: 146
Citations by year: 2026: 161 · 2025: 142 · 2024: 174 · 2023: 181 · 2022: 207 · 2021: 271 · 2020: 248 · 2019: 265 · 2018: 288 · 2017: 227 · 2016: 269 · 2015: 303 · 2014: 319 · 2013: 297 · 2012: 331
FWCI: 49.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Cognitive Science and Education Research
Keywords: affect, affective judgment, preferences, attitudes, impression formation, decision-making, affective reactions, cognitive processes

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks