The DOI matches its Crossref record; 149 of the 149 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Affect is considered by most contempo-rary theories to be postcognitive, that is, to occur only after considerable cognitive operations have been ac-complished. Yet a number of experimental results on preferences, attitudes, impression formation, and de-_ cision making, as well as some clinical phenomena, suggest that affective judgments may be fairly inde-pendent of, and precede in time, the sorts of percep-tual and cognitive operations commonly assumed to be the basis of these affective judgments. Affective re-actions to stimuli are often the very first reactions of the organism, and for lower organisms they are the dominant reactions. Affective reactions can occur without extensive perceptual and cognitive encoding, are made with greater confidence than cognitive judg-
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Affective reactions are generated quickly and automatically (Bargh et al., 1992; Zajonc, 1980), and guide how people attend to, encode, and interpret various events (Baumeister & Newman, 1994).”
From Everyone I Don’t Like Is Biased: Affective Evaluations and the Bias Blind Spot (2026) · cites this paper as Zajonc, 1980
In the citing paper
“Affective impressions are generated quickly and automatically (Bargh et al., 1992; Zajonc, 1980) and play a central role in human judgment (Lerner et al., 2015; Loewenstein et al., 2001; Slovic et al., 2007).”
From Everyone I Don’t Like Is Biased: Affective Evaluations and the Bias Blind Spot (2026) · cites this paper as Zajonc, 1980
In the citing paper
“There is also evidence that basic affective reactions can be triggered unconsciously by subliminal stimuli in ordinary humans, and can remain unreportable as feelings even when they go on to change a person’s behavior and subsequent judgments (Zajonc, 1980; Fischman and Foltin, 1992; Berridge and Winkielman, 2003; Winkielman and Berridge, 2004; Winkielman et al., 2005).”
From Evolving Concepts of Emotion and Motivation (2018) · cites this paper as Zajonc, 1980
In the citing paper
“But subliminal expressions do induce a valenced affective reaction in human viewers: positive to smiling faces and negative to angry faces (Zajonc, 1980).”
From Evolving Concepts of Emotion and Motivation (2018) · cites this paper as Zajonc, 1980
Citations
Cites
Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk
Kahneman, D. J., & Tversky, A. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511609220.014 · Cited by 32,720
The psychology of interpersonal relations
Heider, F. (1958) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089062 · Cited by 17,189
Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.
Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.3.231 · Cited by 11,317
Levels of processing: A framework for memory research
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(72)80001-x · Cited by 9,566
REMEMBERING: A STUDY IN EXPERIMENTAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Bartlett, F. C., & Burt, C. (1933) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1933.tb02913.x · Cited by 7,475
Shiffrin, R. M., & Schneider, W. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.127 · Cited by 7,335
Attitudinal Effects of Mere Exposure
Zajonc, R. B. (1968) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025848 · Cited by 6,745
Self-citationCognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0046234 · Cited by 6,223
Neisser, U. (1976) · Cited by 4,903
The growth of logical thinking: From childhood to adolescence.
Inhelder, B., & Piaget, J. (1958) · Basic Books · doi:10.1037/10034-000 · Cited by 4,607
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,042
Representational systems, learning, and problem solving in mathematics
Goldin, G. A. (1998) · The Journal of Mathematical Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0364-0213(99)80056-1 · Cited by 289
A dimensional approach to vocal expression of emotion
Laukka, P., Juslin, P. N., & Bresin, R. (2005) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930441000445 · Cited by 289
Beyond Engagement:Toward a Framework and Operational Definition for Employee Work Passion
Zigarmi, D., Nimon, K., Houson, D., Witt, D., & Diehl, J. (2009) · Human Resource Development Review · doi:10.1177/1534484309338171 · Cited by 288
Hanoch, Y., & Vitouch, O. (2004) · Theory & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959354304044918 · Cited by 288
Guilty pleasures and grim necessities: Affective attitudes in dilemmas of self-control.
Giner‐Sorolla, R. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.2.206 · Cited by 287
Motivation and Classroom Learning
Pintrich, P. R. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471264385.wei0706 · Cited by 288
Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies
(2019) · Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies · doi:10.21276/sjbms · Cited by 287
Widespread Worry and the Stock Market
Gilbert, É., & Karahalios, K. G. (2010) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v4i1.14023 · Cited by 286
Exercise habit formation in new gym members: a longitudinal study
Kaushal, N., & Rhodes, R. E. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-015-9640-7 · Cited by 285
Norm Theory: Comparing Reality to Its Alternatives
Kahneman, D. J., & Miller, D. T. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.022 · Cited by 285
Anger, fear, uncertainty, and attitudes: a test of the cognitive-functional model
Nabi, R. L. (2002) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637750216541 · Cited by 285
The Nature and Role of Affect in Consumer Behavior
Cohen, J. B., Pham, M. T., & Andrade, E. B. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203809570.ch11 · Cited by 284
Why People “Don’t Trust the Evidence”: Motivated Reasoning and Scientific Beliefs
Kraft, P. W., Lodge, M., & Taber, C. S. (2015) · The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/0002716214554758 · Cited by 283
Mode and tempo relative contributions to “happy-sad” judgements in equitone melodies
Gagnon, L., & Peretz, I. (2003) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930302279 · Cited by 282
Intuition: A Challenge for Psychological Research on Decision Making
Hogarth, R. M. (2010) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2010.520260 · Cited by 282
THE POWER OF REFLECTION: An Empirical Examination of Nostalgia Advertising Effects
Muehling, D. D., Sprott, D. E., & Sprott, D. E. (2004) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.2004.10639165 · Cited by 281
Predicting climate change risk perception and willingness to act
Xie, B., Brewer, M. B., Hayes, B. K., McDonald, R. I., & Newell, B. R. (2019) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.101331 · Cited by 281
Imagery, Affect, and Financial Judgment
MacGregor, D. G., Slovic, P., Dreman, D. N., & Berry, M. T. (2000) · Journal of Behavioral Finance · doi:10.1207/s15327760jpfm0102_2 · Cited by 281
Unconscious Influences of Memory for a Prior Event
Jacoby, L. L., & Kelley, C. M. (1987) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167287133003 · Cited by 281
Overconfidence in Clinical Decision Making
Croskerry, P., & Norman, G. R. (2008) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.02.001 · Cited by 280
Can words hurt? Patient–provider interactions during invasive procedures
Lang, E. V., Hatsiopoulou, O., Koch, T., Berbaum, K. S., Lutgendorf, S. K., Kettenmann, E., Logan, H. L., & Kaptchuk, T. J. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.12.028 · Cited by 280
The self-regulation of automatic associations and behavioral impulses.
Sherman, J. W., Gawronski, B., Gonsalkorale, K., Hugenberg, K., Allen, T. J., & Groom, C. J. (2008) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.115.2.314 · Cited by 281
Guilty by mere association: Evaluative conditioning and the spreading attitude effect.
Walther, E. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.82.6.919 · Cited by 279
The role of positive emotions in experiential decisions
Kwortnik, R. J., & Ross, W. T. (2007) · International Journal of Research in Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2007.09.002 · Cited by 278
Relationships Among Customer Satisfaction, Delight, and Loyalty in the Hospitality Industry
Kim, M., Vogt, C. A., & Knutson, B. J. (2013) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/1096348012471376 · Cited by 277
Esteves, F. G., & Öhman, A. (1993) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1993.tb01096.x · Cited by 276
Neuroscience projections to current debates in emotion psychology
Scherer, K. R. (1993) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939308409174 · Cited by 276
The Measurement and Conceptualization of Mood Awareness: Monitoring and Labeling One's Mood States
Swinkels, A., & Giuliano, T. A. (1995) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167295219008 · Cited by 276
Ehrlichman, H., & Halpern, J. N. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.55.5.769 · Cited by 275
The Contribution of Rational Choice Theory to Macrosociological Research
Friedman, D., & Hechter, M. (1988) · Sociological Theory · doi:10.2307/202116 · Cited by 274
Affect and appraisal accuracy: Liking as an integral dimension in evaluating performance.
Cardy, R. L., & Dobbins, G. H. (1986) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.71.4.672 · Cited by 274
Evolving Concepts of Emotion and Motivation
Berridge, K. C. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01647 · Cited by 273
Gamification: A cognitive-emotional view
Mullins, J. K., & Sabherwal, R. (2018) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.09.023 · Cited by 273
Relation of Depression and Dysfunctional Career Thinking to Career Indecision
Saunders, D. E., Peterson, G. W., Sampson, J. P., & Reardon, R. C. (2000) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1006/jvbe.1999.1715 · Cited by 272
Marshall, R. D., Bryant, R. A., Amsel, L., Suh, E. J., Cook, J. M., & Neria, Y. (2007) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.4.304 · Cited by 272
Fear appears fast: Temporal course of startle reflex potentiation in animal fearful subjects
Globisch, J., Hamm, A. O., Esteves, F., & Öhman, A. (1999) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1017/s0048577299970634 · Cited by 270
Reyna, V. F., Nelson, W. L., Han, P. K. J., & Pignone, M. P. (2015) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0036834 · Cited by 270
Reconstructing memory for emotions.
Levine, L. J. (1997) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.126.2.165 · Cited by 269
Culture, Affect and Somatization
Kirmayer, L. J. (1984) · Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review · doi:10.1177/136346158402100301 · Cited by 269
Experiencing Interactive Advertising beyond Rich Media
Grigorovici, D. M., & Constantin, C. D. (2004) · Journal of Interactive Advertising · doi:10.1080/15252019.2004.10722091 · Cited by 268
Social Structure and Exchange: Self-confirming Dynamics in Hollywood
Sorenson, O., & Waguespack, D. M. (2006) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2189/asqu.51.4.560 · Cited by 268
A cognitive analysis of preference for waterscapes
Herzog, T. R. (1985) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(85)80024-4 · Cited by 268
Anticipated Affect and Behavioral Choice
Richard, R., van der Pligt, J., & de Vries, N. K. (1996) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15324834basp1802_1 · Cited by 267
Lorenzoni, I., Leiserowitz, A., Doria, M. D. F., Poortinga, W., & Pidgeon, N. (2006) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669870600613658 · Cited by 267
Emotion as a process: Function, origin and regulation
Scherer, K. R. (1982) · Social Science Information · doi:10.1177/053901882021004004 · Cited by 266
Risk taking under the influence: A fuzzy-trace theory of emotion in adolescence
Rivers, S. E., Reyna, V. F., & Mills, B. A. (2008) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2007.11.002 · Cited by 266
Edvardsson, B., & Roos, I. (2001) · International Journal of Service Industry Management · doi:10.1108/eum0000000005520 · Cited by 266
Interpersonal Functions of the Self-Esteem Motive
Leary, M. R., & Downs, D. L. (1995) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1280-0_7 · Cited by 266
Affect and Information Processing
Wyer, R. S., Clore, G. L., & Isbell, L. M. (1999) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60271-3 · Cited by 266
Positive Affect Versus Reward: Emotional and Motivational Influences on Cognitive Control
Chiew, K. S., & Braver, T. S. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00279 · Cited by 268
Nieuwenhuys, A., & Oudejans, R. R. D. (2012) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-011-0384-x · Cited by 265
“…et al., 2007)—but also affects interpretational processes (Bishop, 2007; Blanchette & Richards, 2010) and facilitates emotion-specific behavioral responses (Frijda, 1988; Zajonc, 1980; see also Krieglmeyer et al., 2010, 2011; Lavender & Hommel, 2007; Schutter et al., 2008; Stins et al., 2011).”
BackgroundThe Role of Affect in Marketing
Erevelles, S. (1998) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/s0148-2963(97)00118-5 · Cited by 265
Social Metacognition: An Expansionist Review
Jost, J. T., Kruglanski, A. W., & Nelson, T. O. (1998) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0202_6 · Cited by 265
Shimp, T. A., Stuart, E. W., & Engle, R. W. (1991) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209236 · Cited by 265
Anderson, C. A., Anderson, K. B., & Deuser, W. E. (1996) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167296224004 · Cited by 263
Compassion Fade: Affect and Charity Are Greatest for a Single Child in Need
Västfjäll, D., Slovic, P., Mayorga, M. W., & Peters, E. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100115 · Cited by 263
Social confirmation of dysphoria: Shared and private reactions to depression.
Strack, S., & Coyne, J. C. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.44.4.798 · Cited by 262
LaTour, M. S., & Rotfeld, H. J. (1997) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.1997.10673528 · Cited by 261
The implicit revolution: Reconceiving the relation between conscious and unconscious.
Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (2017) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000238 · Cited by 261
Personality, basic emotions, and satisfaction: Primary emotions in the mountaineering experience
Faullant, R., Matzler, K., & Mooradian, T. A. (2011) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.01.004 · Cited by 260
Normative-affective factors: Toward a new decision-making model
Etzioni, A. (1988) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/0167-4870(88)90048-7 · Cited by 260
Contrasting Approaches to Perceiving and Acting With Others
Marsh, K. L., Richardson, M. J., Baron, R. M., & Schmidt, R. C. (2006) · Ecological Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15326969eco1801_1 · Cited by 259
The Structure of Emotional Response: 1984 Presidential Candidates
Marcus, G. E. (1988) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1962488 · Cited by 259
Online consumer behavior: Comparing Canadian and Chinese website visitors
Mazaheri, E., Richard, M., & Laroche, M. (2011) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.11.018 · Cited by 258
Looking the Part: Television Leads Less Informed Citizens to Vote Based on Candidates’ Appearance
Lenz, G., & Lawson, C. H. (2011) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00511.x · Cited by 258
Amygdala–prefrontal dissociation of subliminal and supraliminal fear
Williams, L. M., Liddell, B. J., Kemp, A. H., Bryant, R. A., Meares, R. A., Peduto, A. S., & Gordon, E. (2006) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20208 · Cited by 257
Amodio, D. M., Harmon-Jones, E., & Devine, P. G. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.738 · Cited by 257
Using Accountability to Reduce Access Policy Violations in Information Systems
Vance, A., Lowry, P. B., & Eggett, D. L. (2013) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.2753/mis0742-1222290410 · Cited by 257
Emotional Reactions to Verbal Irony
Leggitt, J. S., & Gibbs, R. W. (2000) · Discourse Processes · doi:10.1207/s15326950dp2901_1 · Cited by 257
Reichardt, R., Deutsch, R., Houwer, J. D., & Raedt, R. D. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610365131 · Cited by 257
Genetic similarity theory: Beyond kin selection
Rushton, J. P., Russell, R. J. H., & Wells, P. A. (1984) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf01065540 · Cited by 257
Talaska, C. A., Fiske, S. T., & Chaiken, S. (2008) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/s11211-008-0071-2 · Cited by 256
The Mere Exposure Effect: An Uncertainty Reduction Explanation Revisited
Lee, A. Y. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672012710002 · Cited by 256
Madden, T. J., Allen, C. T., & Twible, J. L. (1988) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378802500302 · Cited by 256
The influence of virtual reality in e-commerce
Martínez-Navarro, J., Alcañiz, J. E. B., Guixeres, J., Alcañíz, M., & Moreno, C. T. (2018) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.10.054 · Cited by 256
How does it feel? Teachers' emotions in a context of change
Van Veen, K., & Sleegers, P. (2006) · Journal of Curriculum Studies · doi:10.1080/00220270500109304 · Cited by 255
Derbaix, C. M. (1995) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224379503200409 · Cited by 255
Wilson, T. D., Lisle, D. J., Kraft, D., & Wetzel, C. G. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.56.4.519 · Cited by 254
Self-knowledge of an amnesic patient: Toward a neuropsychology of personality and social psychology.
Klein, S. B., Loftus, J., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.125.3.250 · Cited by 254
Brown, S. L., & Brown, R. M. (2006) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1701_01 · Cited by 254
Savani, K., Markus, H. R., & Conner, A. L. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0011618 · Cited by 253
How does the congruity of brand names affect evaluations of brand name extensions?
Meyers‐Levy, J., Louie, T. A., & Curren, M. T. (1994) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.79.1.46 · Cited by 253
Prior, M. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108355001 · Cited by 253
McFarlin, D. B., & Blascovich, J. (1981) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.40.3.521 · Cited by 253
The quest for primary motives: Biography and autobiography of an idea.
Tomkins, S. S. (1981) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.41.2.306 · Cited by 252
The symbolic self in evolutionary context
Sedikides, C., & Skowronski, J. J. (1997) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0101_6 · Cited by 251
The Functions of Affect in Health Communications and in the Construction of Health Preferences
Peters, E., Lipkus, I., & Diefenbach, M. A. (2006) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00287.x · Cited by 251
Expatriate success may depend on a ?learning orientation?: Considerations for selection and training
Porter, G., & Tansky, J. W. (1999) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-050x(199921)38:1 · Cited by 129
Römer, D., & Hennessy, M. H. (2007) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-007-0064-7 · Cited by 251
Seamon, J. G., Brody, N., & Kauff, D. M. (1983) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.9.3.544 · Cited by 251
Dimensions of Affect Relationships: Models and Their Integrative Implications
Reich, J. W., Zautra, A., & Davis, M. C. (2003) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.7.1.66 · Cited by 251
Emotional Responses to Music: Interactive Effects of Mode, Texture, and Tempo
Webster, G. D., & Weir, C. G. (2005) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-005-4414-0 · Cited by 250
Affect, Meta-Affect, and Mathematical Belief Structures
Goldin, G. A. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47958-3_4 · Cited by 249
Nejati, V., Majdi, R., Salehinejad, M. A., & Nitsche, M. A. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81454-7 · Cited by 249
Schultheiss, O. C., Wirth, M. M., Torges, C. M., Pang, J. S., Villacorta, M. A., & Welsh, K. M. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.174 · Cited by 248
The Influence of Evoked Nostalgia on Consumers' Responses to Advertising: An Exploratory Study
Pascal, V. J., Sprott, D. E., & Muehling, D. D. (2002) · Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising · doi:10.1080/10641734.2002.10505126 · Cited by 248
Weapons of Mass Distraction: Optimal Innovation and Pleasure Ratings
Giora, R., Fein, O., Kronrod, A., Elnatan, I., Shuval, N., & Zur, A. (2004) · Metaphor and Symbol · doi:10.1207/s15327868ms1902_2 · Cited by 248
Lavine, H. G., Thomsen, C. J., Zanna, M. P., & Borgida, E. (1998) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1006/jesp.1998.1357 · Cited by 248
Preconscious Processing Effects: The Independence of Attitude Formation and Conscious Thought
Janiszewski, C. A. (1988) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209157 · Cited by 248
The Development of the Hierarchy of Effects: An Historical Perspective
Barry, T. E. (1987) · Current Issues and Research in Advertising · doi:10.1080/01633392.1987.10504921 · Cited by 248
Metadata
- Authors
- Zajonc, R. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zajonc, R. B.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1980-02
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 151-175
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2042276900
- Cited by
- 8,094
- References
- 146
- Citations by year
- 2026: 161 · 2025: 142 · 2024: 174 · 2023: 181 · 2022: 207 · 2021: 271 · 2020: 248 · 2019: 265 · 2018: 288 · 2017: 227 · 2016: 269 · 2015: 303 · 2014: 319 · 2013: 297 · 2012: 331
- FWCI
- 49.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Cognitive Science and Education Research
- Keywords
- affect, affective judgment, preferences, attitudes, impression formation, decision-making, affective reactions, cognitive processes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
