Maps of subjective feelings
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) topography of bodily sensations associated with each feeling. Neural similarity between a subset of the feeling states was derived from the NeuroSynth meta-analysis database based on the data from 9,821 brain-imaging studies. All feelings were emotionally valenced and the saliency of bodily sensations correlated with the saliency of mental experiences associated with each feeling. Nonlinear dimensionality reduction revealed five feeling clusters: positive emotions, negative emotions, cognitive processes, somatic states and illnesses, and homeostatic states. Organization of the feeling space was best explained by basic dimensions of emotional valence, mental experiences, and bodily sensations. Subjectively felt similarity of feelings was associated with basic feeling dimensions and the topography of the corresponding bodily sensations. These findings reveal a map of subjective feelings that are categorical, emotional, and embodied.
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There is consistency among individuals in where within the body specific emotions and non-emotional interoceptive signals are experienced.
“and there is consistency among individuals in where within the body specific emotions (Nummenmaa et al., 2014) and non-emotional interoceptive signals (Nummenmaa et al., 2018) are experienced.”
From Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review (2021) · cites this paper as Nummenmaa et al., 2018
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- Authors
- Nummenmaa, L., Hari, R., Hietanen, J. K., & Glerean, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Turku (FI)
- Aalto University (FI)
- Tampere University (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Nummenmaa, Lauri
- Hari, Riitta
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2018-08-28
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 37
- Pages
- 9198-9203
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC6140475
- OpenAlex
- W2888919127
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 11.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Aaltodoc (Aalto University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Academy of Finland | Kulttuurin ja Yhteiskunnan Tutkimuksen Toimikunta (265917, 294897, 304385)
- EC | FP7 | FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (313000)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- subjective feelings, emotional valence, bodily sensations, embodied emotion, neural similarity, emotion classification, somatic status, cognitive processes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Sensation, Databases, Factual
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