Cited by 5,806Identity, Memory, and TherapyPersonality Traits and PsychologySocial and Intergroup Psychology

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Possible selves.

Markus, Hazel, Nurius, Paula·1986·American Psychologist

DOI 10.1037/0003-066x.41.9.954

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“This theory combined the concepts of Markus and Nurius (1986) and Higgins (1987) possible selves, ideal self, and ought self, expanding instrumental motivation and integrative motivation dichotomy that Gardner proposed (1985).”
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“Identity-based motivation theory posits that contextual factors, such as SES, and the ways that people interpret contextual information influence the types of future identities that come to mind (Markus & Nurius, 1986; Oyserman & Destin, 2010).”
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“Possible selves represent identity narratives of who we would like to become, are afraid of becoming, and feel like we ought to become (Ibarra, 1999; Markus & Nurius, 1986).”
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Authors: Markus, H., & Nurius, P.
ORCID: Markus, Hazel
Nurius, Paula
Venue: American Psychologist
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1986-09
Volume: 41
Issue: 9
Pages: 954-969
ISSN: 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
1935-990X
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066x.41.9.954
OpenAlex: W4249746737
Cited by: 5,806
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 289 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 307 · 2023: 261 · 2022: 315 · 2021: 311 · 2020: 446 · 2019: 322 · 2018: 289 · 2017: 243 · 2016: 234 · 2015: 238 · 2014: 199 · 2013: 190 · 2012: 185
FWCI: 16.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords: possible selves, self-concept, self-image, self-fulfilling prophecy

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Possible selves.

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks