Cited by 5,806Identity, Memory, and TherapyPersonality Traits and PsychologySocial and Intergroup Psychology

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Possible selves.

Markus, Hazel, Nurius, Paula·1986·American Psychologist

DOI 10.1037/0003-066x.41.9.954

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“Consequently, several studies demonstrate that individuals hold possible (future or hoped-for) identities, which have the same properties as actual (current) identities (e.g., Ibarra, 1999; Markus and Nurius, 1986; Strauss et al., 2012).”
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“…refers to how an individual imagines their own future (Oyserman & Destin, 2010; Strahan & Wilson, 2006), which includes both positive and negative images of possible futures (or possible selves), as well as the associated strategies to reach or avoid those possible futures (Markus & Nurius, 1986).”
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“Nigel noted he was having less control over refraining from drinking at home; drinking alcohol at home seemed to reflect his undesired self (Banister & Hogg, 2006; Markus & Nurius, 1986) and the type of person that he did not want to become: Nigel: “… I am not a big drinker.”
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“(Markus and Nurius 1986, p. 954) Further, Markus and Narius write: Possible selves are represented in the same way as the here-and-now self … and can be viewed as cognitive bridges between the present and future, specifying how individuals may change from how they are now to what they will become.”
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“Possible Selves Theory Possible selves theory describes how current and future representations of who one is and who one might become motivate behavior (Markus and Nurius, 1986) and “translate into life choices” (Lips, 2007, p.”
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Adolescents’ Self-Concordance, School Engagement, and Burnout Predict Their Educational Trajectories 1This paper is part of a series on “Youth Development in Europe: Transitions and Identities” that will appear in the European Psychologist throughout 2008 and 2009. Taken together, the papers aim to make a conceptual contribution to the increasingly important area of youth development, especially within the context of an expanding Europe, by focusing on variations and changes in the transition to adulthood and emerging identities. The series will conclude with a summary by the organizers of the series, Katariina Salmela-Aro (University of Jyväskylä, Finland) and Ingrid Schoon (University of London, UK).
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“…selves, which is correlated to increased positive behavioral strategies for learning such as goal setting, elaboration and regulation of present tasks (Markus & Nurius, 1986), is more effective motivationally than unbalanced possible selves (Oyserman, 2004; Oyserman, Brickman, & Rhodes, 2007).”
Background
What happens to personal identity when semantic knowledge degrades? A study of the self and autobiographical memory in semantic dementia
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Authors: Markus, H., & Nurius, P.
ORCID: Markus, Hazel
Nurius, Paula
Venue: American Psychologist
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1986-09
Volume: 41
Issue: 9
Pages: 954-969
ISSN: 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
1935-990X
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066x.41.9.954
OpenAlex: W4249746737
Cited by: 5,806
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 289 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 307 · 2023: 261 · 2022: 315 · 2021: 311 · 2020: 446 · 2019: 322 · 2018: 289 · 2017: 243 · 2016: 234 · 2015: 238 · 2014: 199 · 2013: 190 · 2012: 185
FWCI: 16.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords: possible selves, self-concept, self-image, self-fulfilling prophecy

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

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Possible selves.

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks