The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing: A complementary strategy for improving national mental health.
Abstract
This article summarizes the conception and diagnosis of the mental health continuum, the findings supporting the two continua model of mental health and illness, and the benefits of flourishing to individuals and society. Completely mentally healthy adults--individuals free of a 12-month mental disorder and flourishing--reported the fewest missed days of work, the fewest half-day or greater work cutbacks, the healthiest psychosocial functioning (i.e., low helplessness, clear goals in life, high resilience, and high intimacy), the lowest risk of cardiovascular disease, the lowest number of chronic physical diseases with age, the fewest health limitations of activities of daily living, and lower health care utilization. However, the prevalence of flourishing is barely 20% in the adult population, indicating the need for a national program on mental health promotion to complement ongoing efforts to prevent and treat mental illness. Findings reveal a Black advantage in mental health as flourishing and no gender disparity in flourishing among Whites.
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In the citing paper
“Increasing evidence demonstrates that mental health or well-being is more than just the absence of mental illness (e.g., Keyes, 2007)”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Keyes, 2007
In the citing paper
“Given the findings that subjective, psychological, and social well-being can contribute to a more complete understanding of mental and physical health (Keyes, 2007)”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Keyes, 2007
In the citing paper
“Given the increasing evidence that mental health is more than just the absence of mental illness (Keyes, 2005, 2007)”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Keyes, 2007
In the citing paper
“Often overlooked is the fact that psychological well-being is not the absence of ill-being (Diener 2000; Keyes 2007).”
From The role of passion in sustainable psychological well-being (2012) · cites this paper as Keyes 2007
In the citing paper
“According to Keyes absence of mental health problems (i.e. languishing) is not similar to good mental health (i.e. flourishing) and mental health should be seen as a continuum”
From Impact of organized activities on mental health in children and adolescents: An umbrella review (2022) · cites this paper as Keyes, 2007
In the citing paper
“Thus, university teachers felt that their professional activity and the quality of their teaching were affected (e.g., when they established a more distant relationship with students, had less ability to prepare classes or lacked mastery in the use of technological tools), and they felt less involvement and flourishing [41, 42].”
From Boundary violations and university teachers' well-being during mandatory telework: Recovery's role and gender differences (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“it has previously been established that health and mental illness work in a relatively independent manner [153]”
From Well-Being and Romantic Relationships: A Systematic Review in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood (2019) · cites this paper as [153]
In the citing paper
“PPWB is associated with higher psychological functioning, 16 lower incidence of chronic diseases (e.g., gastrointestinal disease, arthritis), 18 lower risk of cardiovascular events, 19 and improved health behaviors such as regular exercise, restful sleep, and a decreased sedentary behavior. 1”
From Positive psychological well-being in women with obesity: A scoping review of qualitative and quantitative primary research (2022) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“studies have shown that after correcting for psychopathology, low levels of positive mental health are associated with more somatic diseases, increased risk of developing a mental disorder, and decreased social and work-related functioning [56].”
In the citing paper
“The original version of the instrument obtained good internal consistency for the full scale (α = 0.74) and between acceptable and good internal consistency for the sub-scales (α = 0.59 and 0.70; Keyes, 2007 ).”
From A latent profile analysis of aggression and prosocial behavior in relation to adolescent wellbeing (2025) · cites this paper as Keyes, 2007
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,007
Minney, M. J., & Ranzijn, R. (2015) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnu169 · Cited by 49
Positive Attitudes towards Technologies and facets of Well-being in Older Adults
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“It provides a unique positive contribution to overall social well-being, a central component of positive aging (Kahana & Kahana, 2003; Stevernik & Lindenberg, 2006) and flourishing condition, independently by the structural variables and the perceived health status (Keyes, 2007).”
Four-year stability, change, and multidirectionality of well-being in very-old age.
Wettstein, M., Schilling, O. K., Reidick, O., & Wahl, H. (2015) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/pag0000037 · Cited by 44
“Following a clinical understanding of well-being in terms of mental health, Keyes (2005, 2007) revealed evidence of a two-factor model comprising unique (but correlated) dimensions of positive mental health and mental illness.”
MethodPsycho-social Career Meta-capacities
Coetzee, M. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-00645-1 · Cited by 51
Rinnan, E., André, B., Drageset, J., Garåsen, H., Espnes, G. A., & Haugan, G. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/scs.12598 · Cited by 43
“Moments of feeling well relates to Keyes’ (2007) dimensions of both positive affect and social coherence; the latter defined as a regularly cheerful, interested life, being in good spirits, happy, calm and full of life, as well as having an interest in society and social life (21).”
BackgroundGibbons, S. W., Ross, A. C., Wehrlen, L., Klagholz, S. D., & Bevans, M. F. (2019) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2019.09.004 · Cited by 43
The Portuguese Adaptation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form for Adult Population
Fonte, C., Silva, I., Vilhena, E., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2019) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-019-00484-8 · Cited by 43
“As Keyes (2007) proposed, focusing public health efforts solely on mental illness will not necessary result in a mentally healthier population.”
BackgroundSelf-citationAidman, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00466 · Cited by 47
“The MF literature is focused on identifying protective factors, such as cognitive flexibility, implicated both in the prevention of mental illness and in the promotion of flourishing (Keyes, 2007; Robinson et al., 2015).”
BackgroundKumar, S. A., Edwards, M. E., Grandgenett, H. M., Scherer, L. L., DiLillo, D., & Jaffe, A. E. (2022) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-022-00554-x · Cited by 52
“Based on these findings, it is possible that, in our sample, a grateful mindset inspired a more complete model of mental health, which affirms that mental health is not only the absence of mental illness but also the presence of a positive state of functioning (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundBauer, G. F., & Jenny, G. J. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119942849.ch8 · Cited by 46
Lima, M. L., Marques, S., Muiños, G., & Camilo, C. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00068 · Cited by 49
“” The two items on social integration were the two items of the respective sub-scale of the social well-being questionnaire (Keyes, 2007): “I feel close to the people of the area where I live” and “I am a member of my community.”
BackgroundExploring the relationship between the commuting experience and hedonic and eudaimonic well-being
Liu, Q., Chen, C.-L., & Cao, M. (2021) · Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.trd.2021.103026 · Cited by 43
Howell, A. J., Keyes, C. L. M., & Passmore, H. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6398-2_5 · Cited by 47
Self-citationTerreri, C. J., & Glenwick, D. S. (2011) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-011-9555-8 · Cited by 42
Shrira, A., Shmotkin, D., & Litwin, H. (2012) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01149.x · Cited by 42
“We examined this hypothesis through examination of both negative mental health (distress) and positive mental health (well-being), in view of recent evidence that these are two different, moderately related, complementary components of the mental health construct (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundYang, G., & D’Arcy, C. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.055 · Cited by 42
Cost-effectiveness of online positive psychology: Randomized controlled trial
Bolier, L., Majo, C., Smit, F., Westerhof, G. J., Haverman, M., Walburg, J. A., Riper, H. M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2014) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2014.910829 · Cited by 45
“For the prevention of depression, investing in wellbeing on a public level might be just as important as treating (subclinical) symptoms in individuals (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundProtective Factors Contributing to Wellbeing Among Refugee Youth in Australia
Tozer, M., Khawaja, N. G., & Schweitzer, R. (2017) · Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools · doi:10.1017/jgc.2016.31 · Cited by 42
“There is emerging evidence that, rather than being on the same continuum, positive wellbeing is located on a separate dimension to mental illness, and separate or additional conditions are therefore considered necessary for an individual to flourish (Keyes, 2002, 2007).”
BackgroundDahl, A. J., Peltier, J. W., & Milne, G. R. (2018) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/joca.12176 · Cited by 44
Well-being in major depression and social phobia with and without comorbidity
Wersebe, H., Lieb, R., Meyer, A. H., Miché, M., Mikoteit, T., Imboden, C., Hoyer, J., Bader, K., Hatzinger, M., & Gloster, A. T. (2018) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2018.06.004 · Cited by 45
“Thus, our findings are of clinical importance and may indicate the need to enhance well-being (Keyes, 2007) in individuals with a clinical diagnosis.”
BackgroundValiente, C., Vázquez, C., Contreras, A., Peinado, V., & Trucharte, A. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1871555 · Cited by 46
“…psychological symptoms (e.g., Bonanno, Galea, Bucciarelli, & Vlahov, 2006), other more comprehensive definitions of complete mental health (Keyes, 2007) combine both the absence of problems or symptoms and the presence of positive aspects of functioning (e.g., hedonic or eudaimonic…”
BackgroundA Person-Centered Approach to Subjective Well-Being
Busseri, M. A., Sadava, S. W., Molnar, D. S., & DeCourville, N. H. (2007) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-007-9072-3 · Cited by 43
Vázquez, C. (2017) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-017-9847-8 · Cited by 41
“For instance, the idea of positive mental health (Jahoda 1958; Keyes 2005; Trompetter et al.”
BackgroundBelrose, C., Duffaud, A. M., Dutheil, F., Trichereau, J., & Trousselard, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00737 · Cited by 42
Yeo, Z., & Suárez, L. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268232 · Cited by 53
“The initial evaluation of the MHC-SF was conducted by Keyes, Wissing [25] with a sample of 1,050 Setswana-speaking adults in the Northwest province of South Africa.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe mental health benefits of visiting canals and rivers: An ecological momentary assessment study
Bergou, N., Hammoud, R., Smythe, M., Gibbons, J., Davidson, N., Tognin, S., Reeves, G., Shepherd, J., & Mechelli, A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271306 · Cited by 40
“To overcome this limitation, we adapted a smartphone-based application (app) that has previously been used to explore the effects of the urban environment on wellbeing, to specifically assess the impact of visiting canals and rivers on self-reported mental wellbeing, a strong predictor of mental health in the general…”
MethodEmployee engagement: The effects of work-home/home-work interaction and psychological conditions
Rothmann, S., & Baumann, C. (2014) · South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences · doi:10.4102/sajems.v17i4.419 · Cited by 40
“Research on positive psychological functioning (Keyes, 2007; Ryff, 1989) has shown that basic psychological needs associated with living a meaningful life must be satisfied if optimal functioning of individuals is to be achieved.”
BackgroundCapone, V. (2014) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105314551622 · Cited by 40
“Therefore, a combined diagnosis of mental health and mental illness predicts psychosocial functioning better than a single diagnosis, viewing mental health and mental illness as complementary (Keyes, 2005, 2007).”
BackgroundKim, K. (2018) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-018-9626-z · Cited by 40
Flourishing in children with autism spectrum disorders
Hilton, C. L., Ratcliff, K., Collins, D. M., Flanagan, J. E., & Hong, I. (2019) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2097 · Cited by 44
“…and behavior to attain social goals and good social relationships [Uysal, 2015] Relationships [Seligman, 2011] Positive social functioning [Keyes, 2007] Sociability [Kern et al., 2014] Parent–child/adolescent relationship Quality of interaction and attitudes about the…”
BackgroundAmbrosetti, E., Dietrich, H. W., Kosyakova, Y., & Patzina, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2021.693518 · Cited by 40
“Positive well-being is different from mental health, and it accounts for distinct or supplementary conditions considered necessary for an individual to fl ourish (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundConceptualising and measuring mental fitness: A Delphi study
Robinson, P., Oades, L. G., & Caputi, P. (2015) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v5i1.4 · Cited by 40
“Keyes (2007) whilst agreeing with the need to prevent illness, also argues for a need to promote positive mental health, and uses the term flourishing. Keyes suggests there are economic and social advantages for a paradigm shift towards mental health promotion to work in conjunction with mental illness prevention. He…”
BackgroundInfluentialKraiss, J. T., Redelinghuys, K., & Weiss, L. (2022) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-022-00545-y · Cited by 46
“The outcome of the meta-analysis was well-being as measured by the MHC, which is a comprehensive, evidence-based, well-validated and widely used measure of well-being (Keyes, 2002, 2005, 2007; Keyes et al., 2008).”
MethodThe association of age, sense of control, optimism, and self-esteem with emotional distress.
Jiménez, M. G., Montorio, I., & Izal, M. (2017) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000341 · Cited by 39
Social support and mental health during recovery from drug and alcohol problems
McGaffin, B., Deane, F., Kelly, P., & Blackman, R. J. (2018) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2017.1421178 · Cited by 40
Plooy, D., Lyons, A., & Kashima, E. S. (2018) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-018-9961-7 · Cited by 45
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Mordeno, I. G., Gallemit, I. M. J. S., Lantud, S. S. B., & Hall, B. J. (2019) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.288 · Cited by 39
Levels of Positive Mental Health in Portuguese and Spanish Nursing Students
Sequeira, C., Carvalho, J. C., Gonçalves, A., Nogueira, M. J., Lluch‐Canut, T., & Roldán-Merino, J. F. (2019) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390319851569 · Cited by 39
“…important significance in research and practice approaches driven by important contributions: the Salutogenic Perspective (Antonovsky, 1996), the Corey Keyes (2007) and Carol Ryffs’ (1989) work about well-being models, and the positive mental health multifactor model (PMHMM) (Lluch-Canut, 1999).”
BackgroundValidity and Reliability of the Flourishing Scale in a Sample of Older Adults in Iran
Ramandi, Z. F., Soleimani, M. A., Allen, K., Görgülü, Ö., & Motalebi, S. A. (2020) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s251067 · Cited by 39
Paleari, F. G., Pivetti, M., Galati, D., & Fincham, F. D. (2021) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12508 · Cited by 41
“Keyes (2007) defined mental health (or flourishing) as a combination of high hedonic and eudaimonic well-being.”
BackgroundXiao, R., Zhang, C., Lai, Q., Hou, Y., & Zhang, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.549036 · Cited by 43
“In addition, six categories (flourishing group, moderately mentally health group, languishing group, mental illness and flourishing group, mental illness and moderately mentally healthy group, and mental illness and languishing group) of mental health status were also proposed (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundVideogames and wellbeing: A comprehensive review
Johnson, D. M., Jones, C. M., Scholes, L., & Carras, M. C. (2013) · QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) · Cited by 40
Testing the interrelationship between mental well-being and mental distress in young people
Hides, L. M., Quinn, C. A., Stoyanov, S. R., Cockshaw, W. D., Kavanagh, D. J., Shochet, I. M., Deane, F. P., Kelly, P. J., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2019) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2019.1610478 · Cited by 43
“functioningwas a key component of eudemonicwell-being and integrated all three components to definemental wellbeing as high levels of emotional, psychological and social functioning (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationLongitudinal prediction of positive and negative mental health in Germany, Russia, and China
Margraf, J., Zhang, X.-C., Lavallee, K., & Schneider, S. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234997 · Cited by 36
“With the rise of positive psychology, there is an increased interest in facilitating human flourishing and thriving, not just establishing a neutral state of mind [4].”
BackgroundA Handbook for the Study of Mental Health
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Murdock, K. K., Gorman, S., & Robbins, M. (2015) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.10.010 · Cited by 37
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“Although related, mental health and mental illness represent distinct dimensions, one indicating the presence versus absence of mental health and the other the presence versus absence of psychopathology (Keyes, 2005, 2007; Lamers et al., 2011; Westerhof & Keyes, 2010).”
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The Significance of Salutogenesis and Well-Being in Mental Health Promotion: From Theory to Practice
Langeland, E., & Vinje, H. F. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5195-8_14 · Cited by 37
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Antecedents of flourishing at work in a fast-moving consumer goods company
Rautenbach, C., & Rothmann, S. (2017) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2017.1321846 · Cited by 44
Fuller‐Thomson, E., Lacombe‐Duncan, A., Goodman, D., Fallon, B., & Brennenstuhl, S. (2019) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01767-x · Cited by 38
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“Rather, it is argued researchers should increasingly incorporate positive indicators of well-being such as happiness, life satisfaction, meaning and purpose, virtue, and close social relationships (Keyes, 2003, 2007; VanderWeele, 2017b).”
BackgroundFlourishing in Work and Careers
Rothmann, S. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-00645-1_11 · Cited by 39
van Agteren, J., Iasiello, M., Ali, K., Fassnacht, D. B., Furber, G., Woodyatt, L., Howard, A., & Kyrios, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648678 · Cited by 33
A framework for mental training in sport: Enhancing mental skills, wellbeing, and performance
Vealey, R. S. (2023) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2023.2274459 · Cited by 69
“Keyes (2007) complete model of mental health is adopted to conceptualize mental health as wellbeing in the framework.”
BackgroundMethodArriagada, J. B. O., & Salas, M. C. (2009) · Ciencia y enfermería/Ciencia y enfermería · doi:10.4067/s0717-95532009000100004 · Cited by 36
de Carvalho, J. S., Pereira, N., Pinto, A. M., & Marôco, J. P. (2016) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0396-7 · Cited by 35
“Two main conceptual perspectives must be considered in the field of subjective well-being, the hedonic and the eudaimonic (Keyes 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialZhang, Y., Mei, S., Yang, R., Chen, L., Gao, H., & Li, L. (2016) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-016-0398-9 · Cited by 40
“Developing good behavioral habits and maintaining balanced psychological state are necessary for people’s overall health [11].”
BackgroundGriffith, D. M., Neighbors, H. W., & Johnson, J. L. (2009) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013594 · Cited by 39
Diedericks, E., & Rothmann, S. (2013) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2013.10820618 · Cited by 46
“It can be expected that job satisfaction will be associated with flourishing because of its effects on life satisfaction and positive emotions, which form part of emotional well-being in the model of Keyes (2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialSeven reasons to invest in well-being.
Howell, K. H., Coffey, J. K., Fosco, G. M., Kracke, K., Nelson, S. K., Rothman, E. F., & Grych, J. H. (2016) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/vio0000019 · Cited by 37
The impact of workplace bullying on flourishing: The moderating role of emotional intelligence
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“It is important to focus exclusively on the effective promotion of mental well-being [8], as only a small proportion of the general population has optimal levels of mental well-being [7,9].”
BackgroundPage, K. M., Milner, A. J., Martin, A. J., Turrell, G., Giles‐Corti, B., & LaMontagne, A. D. (2014) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000230 · Cited by 40
Raj, A. B. (2018) · Global Business Review · doi:10.1177/0972150918779161 · Cited by 38
Nolan, M. T., Diefendorff, J. M., Erickson, R. J., & Lee, M. T. (2022) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103688 · Cited by 45
Elsamani, Y., Mejía, C., & Kajikawa, Y. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280005 · Cited by 56
A Longitudinal Study on Motherhood and Well-Being: Developmental and Clinical Implications
Fave, A. D., Pozzo, M., Bassi, M., & Cetin, I. (2013) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082013000100003 · Cited by 33
“term hedonic ones, as expected in the participants’ specific life stage, and consistent with other studies (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialPassion and optimal functioning in society: A eudaimonic perspective.
Vallerand, R. J. (2013) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14092-010 · Cited by 40
Correlations of online social network size with well-being and distress: a meta-analysis
Huang, C. (2021) · Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2021-2-3 · Cited by 33
Ten years of positive psychology
Oláh, A., & Kapitány‐Fövény, M. (2012) · Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle · doi:10.1556/mpszle.67.2012.1.3 · Cited by 33
Dart, A. B., Wicklow, B. A., Sellers, E. A. C., Dean, H., Malik, S., Walker, J. R., Chateau, D. G., Blydt‐Hansen, T. D., & McGavock, J. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2014.07.224 · Cited by 32
“These tests were selected because 24-hour Table 1 Study Plan Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Clinical assessment Baseline demographic collection X Anthropometrics X X X X X Medication/adherence assessment X X X X X Outcome assessment Overnight urine collection for albuminuria X X X X X Primary exposure assessments…”
MethodInfluentialRenshaw, T. L., & Bolognino, S. J. (2016) · Assessment for Effective Intervention · doi:10.1177/1534508416678970 · Cited by 37
“…with youth in secondary schools (Suldo & Shaffer, 2008; Suldo, Thalji, & Ferron, 2011), young adults in post-secondary schools (Eklund, Dowdy, Jones, & Furlong, 2011; Renshaw & Cohen, 2014; Renshaw, Eklund, Bolognino, & Adodo, 2016), as well as with adults in work-related contexts (Keyes, 2007).”
MethodPathological Personality Traits ( DSM-5 ), Risk Factors, and Mental Health
Góngora, V. C., & Solano, A. C. (2017) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244017725129 · Cited by 33
“In addition, low levels of mental health have been associated to higher risk of suicide, alcohol dependence, and substance abuse (Keyes, 2005, 2007; Keyes, Dhingra, & Simoes, 2010).”
BackgroundRecreational Diving Practice for Stress Management: An Exploratory Trial
Beneton, F., Michoud, G., Coulange, M., Lainé, N., Ramdani, C., Borgnetta, M., Breton, P., Guieu, R., Rostain, J. C., & Trousselard, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02193 · Cited by 34
“Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS; Tennant et al., 2007; Trousselard et al., 2016) covers both affective constructs, including the experience of happiness and constructs representing psychological functioning and self-realization (Keyes, 2007).”
Psychometric Properties of the Positivity Scale among Chinese Adults and Early Adolescents
Tian, L., Zhang, D., & Huebner, E. S. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00197 · Cited by 34
“A large body of research has begun to focus on such positive psychological constructs as self-esteem, optimism, and life satisfaction (Keyes, 2007; Caprara et al., 2010).”
BackgroundI Believe in You! Measuring the experience of encouragement using the academic encouragement scale
Wong, Y. J., Cheng, H., McDermott, R. C., Deng, K., & McCullough, K. M. (2019) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2019.1579357 · Cited by 33
“illness and flourishing in the positive psychology literature (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundCarroll, A., McCarthy, M., Houghton, S. J., & O’Connor, E. S. (2020) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22352 · Cited by 49
Monteiro, F., Fonseca, A., Pereira, M., & Canavarro, M. C. (2020) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191120910247 · Cited by 33
“Positive mental health has been associated with better physical and mental health, less missed days of work and has a positive influence on the recovery of diagnosed mental disorders (Dyrbye et al., 2012; Keyes, 2007; SchotanusDijkstra et al., 2019).”
BackgroundThe Hummingbird Project: A Positive Psychology Intervention for Secondary School Students
Platt, I. A., Kannangara, C. S., Tytherleigh, M. Y., & Carson, J. F. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02012 · Cited by 43
“It is considered that health, social and economic benefits are products of positive mental health (Lyubomirsky et al., 2005; Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundImpact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on irritable bowel syndrome
Quek, S. X. Z., Loo, E. X. L., Demutska, A., Chua, C. E., Kew, G. S., Wong, S., Lau, H. X., Low, E. X. S., Loh, T. L., Ooi, S. L., et al. (2021) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/jgh.15466 · Cited by 33
Gireesh, A., Das, S., & Viner, R. (2018) · BMJ Paediatrics Open · doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000335 · Cited by 33
Meaning as inter-connectedness: theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence
Fave, A. D., & Soosai-Nathan, L. (2014) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2014.904090 · Cited by 38
“…life as a central component of well-being in the eudaimonic terms of personal growth and self-construal (Baumeister & Vohs, 2002; Deci & Ryan, 2000; Emmons, 1986; Keyes, 2005, 2007; Peterson, Park, & Seligman, 2005; Ryff & Singer, 1998, 2008; Steger, Frazier, Oishi, & Kaler, 2006; Waterman, 1993).”
McFadden, T., Bean, C. N., Fortier, M., & Post, C. (2016) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2016.1157975 · Cited by 42
“The importance of adolescent mental health has been well-documented in recent years and current research has highlighted important links between mental health and physical and psychological functioning (Keyes, 2005, 2007).”
BackgroundRiva, E., Freire, T., & Bassi, M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28634-1_19 · Cited by 36
The Human Pursuit of Well-Being
Brdar, I. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1375-8 · Cited by 34
Rafiey, H., Alipour, F., LeBeau, R. T., Rarani, M. A., Salimi, Y., & Ahmadi, S. (2017) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2017.1308295 · Cited by 33
“Mental health has long been defined as the absence of psychopathologies (such as depression and anxiety), but there is now a clear consensus that mental health also encompasses the presence of emotional, psychological, and social well-being [3].”
BackgroundMental health interventions among older adults: A systematic review
Niclasen, J., Lund, L., Obel, C., & Larsen, L. P. S. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494818773530 · Cited by 41
Hori, D., Oi, Y., Ohtaki, Y., Andrea, C.-S., Takahashi, T., Shiraki, N., Ikeda, T., Ikeda, Y., Doki, S., Sasahara, S., et al. (2019) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12199-019-0823-7 · Cited by 32
“The most favorable end of the mental health spectrum is referred to as flourishing [5], which is defined as a combination of two conceptual traditions of mental well-being: hedonic and eudaimonic well-being [6].”
BackgroundPlooy, D., Lyons, A., & Kashima, E. S. (2020) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.07.001 · Cited by 41
O’Connor, M., Sanson, A. V., Hawkins, M. T., Olsson, C. A., Frydenberg, E., Toumbourou, J. W., & Letcher, P. (2011) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.10.006 · Cited by 32
Cultural Roots of Well-Being and Resilience in Child Mental Health
Ruiz‐Casares, M., Guzder, J., Rousseau, C., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9063-8_93 · Cited by 35
Katerndahl, D. A., & Oyiriaru, D. (2007) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/pm.37.4.d · Cited by 33
“Keyes [43] suggests a continuum between mental health and illness while emphasizing the interrelationships among psychiatric symptoms, physical disorders, and psychosocial functioning.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Keyes, C. L. M.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Keyes, Corey L. M.
- ORCID
- Keyes, Corey L. M.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 95-108
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2037808094
- Cited by
- 2,268
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 149 · 2025: 161 · 2024: 159 · 2023: 164 · 2022: 216 · 2021: 176 · 2020: 146 · 2019: 140 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 154 · 2016: 112 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 107 · 2012: 78
- FWCI
- 61.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- eudaimonia, mental health continuum, mental health promotion, mental illness prevention, psychosocial functioning, resilience, helplessness, cardiovascular risk, chronic physical illness, health care utilization, labor productivity, National Mental Health Policy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Mental Disorders, Educational Status, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Racial Groups
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