The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing: A complementary strategy for improving national mental health.
Abstract
This article summarizes the conception and diagnosis of the mental health continuum, the findings supporting the two continua model of mental health and illness, and the benefits of flourishing to individuals and society. Completely mentally healthy adults--individuals free of a 12-month mental disorder and flourishing--reported the fewest missed days of work, the fewest half-day or greater work cutbacks, the healthiest psychosocial functioning (i.e., low helplessness, clear goals in life, high resilience, and high intimacy), the lowest risk of cardiovascular disease, the lowest number of chronic physical diseases with age, the fewest health limitations of activities of daily living, and lower health care utilization. However, the prevalence of flourishing is barely 20% in the adult population, indicating the need for a national program on mental health promotion to complement ongoing efforts to prevent and treat mental illness. Findings reveal a Black advantage in mental health as flourishing and no gender disparity in flourishing among Whites.
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In the citing paper
“Increasing evidence demonstrates that mental health or well-being is more than just the absence of mental illness (e.g., Keyes, 2007)”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Keyes, 2007
In the citing paper
“Given the findings that subjective, psychological, and social well-being can contribute to a more complete understanding of mental and physical health (Keyes, 2007)”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Keyes, 2007
In the citing paper
“Given the increasing evidence that mental health is more than just the absence of mental illness (Keyes, 2005, 2007)”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Keyes, 2007
In the citing paper
“Often overlooked is the fact that psychological well-being is not the absence of ill-being (Diener 2000; Keyes 2007).”
From The role of passion in sustainable psychological well-being (2012) · cites this paper as Keyes 2007
In the citing paper
“According to Keyes absence of mental health problems (i.e. languishing) is not similar to good mental health (i.e. flourishing) and mental health should be seen as a continuum”
From Impact of organized activities on mental health in children and adolescents: An umbrella review (2022) · cites this paper as Keyes, 2007
In the citing paper
“Thus, university teachers felt that their professional activity and the quality of their teaching were affected (e.g., when they established a more distant relationship with students, had less ability to prepare classes or lacked mastery in the use of technological tools), and they felt less involvement and flourishing [41, 42].”
From Boundary violations and university teachers' well-being during mandatory telework: Recovery's role and gender differences (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“it has previously been established that health and mental illness work in a relatively independent manner [153]”
From Well-Being and Romantic Relationships: A Systematic Review in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood (2019) · cites this paper as [153]
In the citing paper
“PPWB is associated with higher psychological functioning, 16 lower incidence of chronic diseases (e.g., gastrointestinal disease, arthritis), 18 lower risk of cardiovascular events, 19 and improved health behaviors such as regular exercise, restful sleep, and a decreased sedentary behavior. 1”
From Positive psychological well-being in women with obesity: A scoping review of qualitative and quantitative primary research (2022) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“studies have shown that after correcting for psychopathology, low levels of positive mental health are associated with more somatic diseases, increased risk of developing a mental disorder, and decreased social and work-related functioning [56].”
In the citing paper
“The original version of the instrument obtained good internal consistency for the full scale (α = 0.74) and between acceptable and good internal consistency for the sub-scales (α = 0.59 and 0.70; Keyes, 2007 ).”
From A latent profile analysis of aggression and prosocial behavior in relation to adolescent wellbeing (2025) · cites this paper as Keyes, 2007
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Items 501–600 of 1,007
Down, M. J. A., Picknoll, D., Edwards, T., FARRINGDON, F. H., Hoyne, G. F., Piggott, B., & Murphy, M. (2024) · Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning · doi:10.1080/14729679.2024.2386350 · Cited by 37
Shrira, A., Bodner, E., & Palgi, Y. (2015) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2015.1037857 · Cited by 31
“Keyes (2005, 2007) built on the approach that health is not the mere absence of disease, but includes the presence of certain positive conditions.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialExamining the predictive role of self-compassion on flourishing in Turkish university students
Ahmet Cumhur, A. K. I. N., & Akın, Ü. (2015) · Anales de Psicología · doi:10.6018/analesps.31.3.192041 · Cited by 34
“Having a balance of positive to negative affect is also a key factor in defining whether a person flourishes (Diehl, Hay, & Berg, 2011) and thus flourishing is different from the absence of mental illness (Keyes, 2005, 2007; Michalec, Keyes, & Nalkur, 2009).”
BackgroundEffect of Gratitude Educational Intervention on Well-Being Indicators Among North Indian Adolescents
Khanna, P., & Singh, K. K. (2016) · Contemporary School Psychology · doi:10.1007/s40688-016-0087-9 · Cited by 31
Coulombe, S., Radziszewski, S., Meunier, S., Provencher, H. L., Hudon, C., Roberge, P., Provencher, M. D., & Houle, J. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00584 · Cited by 37
Connection and disconnection as predictors of mental health and wellbeing
Klussman, K., Nichols, A., Langer, J., & Curtin, N. (2020) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v10i2.855 · Cited by 34
Küttel, A., Durand‐Bush, N., & Larsen, C. H. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2021-0035 · Cited by 34
“The eudaimonic perspective focuses more broadly on the personal quality of life together with the social and psychological well-being that promote living well (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodFassnacht, D. B., Ali, K., van Agteren, J. E., Iasiello, M. P., Mavrangelos, T., Furber, G., & Kyrios, M. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/37292 · Cited by 32
Active mobility and mental health: A scoping review towards a healthier world
Scrivano, L., Tessari, A., Marcora, S., & Manners, D. N. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2023.74 · Cited by 31
“Together with self-efficacy, and social support, self-esteem and resilience are considered mental health “ protective ” factors (Keyes, 2002, 2005, 2007).”
BackgroundHendriks, T., Schotanus-Dijkstra, M., Hassankhan, A., Sardjo, W., Graafsma, T., Bohlmeijer, E., & de Jong, J. (2020) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2019.1590624 · Cited by 30
“Two models that emphasize the multidimensionality of mental health are the Dual-Factor Model ofMental Health (Antamarian, Scott Huebner, Hills, & Valois, 2010; Greenspoon&Saklofske, 2001) and the TwoContinua Model (Keyes, 2007;Westerhof & Keyes, 2010).”
MethodClinical Supervisors’ Perceptions of Wellness: A Phenomenological View on Supervisee Wellness
Blount, A. J., Taylor, D. D., Lambie, G. W., & Anwell, A. N. (2016) · The Professional Counselor · doi:10.15241/ab.6.4.360 · Cited by 30
“Scholars in the helping fields (Keyes, 2002, 2007; Myers, Sweeney, & Witmer, 2000) and professional guidelines (ACA, 2014; CACREP, 2015) support the necessity of a wellness focus, identifying that a lack of a wellness focus may lead to unwellness and burnout (Bakker, Demerouti, Taris, Schaufeli, &…”
BackgroundZhuang, M., She, Z., Cai, Z., Huang, Z. R., Xiang, Q., Wang, P., & Zhu, F. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00593 · Cited by 38
Lomas, T., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2023) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/00221678231155512 · Cited by 33
“Instead, they may just be languishing—not ill per se, but not excelling either (Keyes, 2007).”
Gokcen, N., Hefferon, K., & Attree, E. (2012) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v2i1.1 · Cited by 32
Kobau, R., Bann, C., Lewis, M. A., Zack, M., Boardman, A. M., Boyd, R., Lim, K. C., Holder, T., Hoff, A. K. L., Luncheon, C., et al. (2013) · Population Health Metrics · doi:10.1186/1478-7954-11-19 · Cited by 27
“This shift in how some health promotion goals will be me asured now matches seminal declarations describing health as more than the absence of illn ss (“negative health”) [7-10], and is aligned with contemporary perspectives on positive health, i nclusive of physical, mental, and social resources that actively promote…”
BackgroundSchutte, L., & Wissing, M. P. (2017) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/2156869317707793 · Cited by 30
Positive mental health : measurement, relevance and implications
Lamers, S. M. A. (2012) · doi:10.3990/1.9789036533706 · Cited by 37
“It was derived from a number of instruments that assess emotional, psychological, and social well-being in the Survey on Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS; Keyes, 2002).”
InfluentialChanges in positive affect in cognitive-behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders
Wilner Tirpak, J., Cassiello-Robbins, C., Ametaj, A., Olesnycky, O. S., Sauer-Zavala, S., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2019) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.06.008 · Cited by 29
“This result is promising, as it suggests brief, skills-based treatments can promote positive affect, a construct associated with wellbeing and flourishing [50, 51], which may reduce risk of relapse [19].”
BackgroundTam, H.-L., Chan, A., Fung, T. T.-O., & Isangha, S. O. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107325 · Cited by 29
Clarifying concepts: “Well-being” in sport
Trainor, L. R., & Bundon, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2023.1256490 · Cited by 34
“The presence of psychological health should not be limited to absence of psychological disturbances, but it should include positive psychological indicators such as positive affect, purpose in life, growth and development, and social impact (25, 109, 110).”
BackgroundFactor Structure of Urdu Version of the Flourishing Scale
Choudhry, F. R., Al‐Worafi, Y. M., Akram, B., Ahmed, M. A., Haq, M. A. U., Khan, T. M., Rehman, I. U., Barki, N., Munawar, K., Kamal, A., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01513 · Cited by 29
“The conceptualization of flourishing by Keyes (2007), Forgeard et al. (2011), and Huppert and So (2013) do not consider the observed variable “social relationships” through the respect from others in the operationalization of the latent variable “flourishing.””
BackgroundExploring indicators of subjective well-being for first-year university students
Botha, B., Mostert, K., & Jacobs, M. (2019) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2019.1665885 · Cited by 32
“In this regard, in the Mental Health Continuum model of Keyes (2002, 2005, 2007) both hedonic and eudaimonic components of well-being are integrated and coined as “flourishing”.”
BackgroundMethodConcepts and Principles of Mental Health Promotion
Barry, M. M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23455-3_1 · Cited by 30
Monteiro, F., Fonseca, A., Pereira, M., & Canavarro, M. C. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23081 · Cited by 34
Martela, F., & Ryan, R. M. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101474 · Cited by 29
“Human well-being – understood broadly as feeling, doing, and functioning well in life – has been increasingly recognized as a key target in both politics and policy contexts as well as in health care and promotion of mental health (Keyes, 2007; OECD, 2013; Prilleltensky, 2005; Ryff et al., 2004).”
BackgroundHow Does Being Solo in Nature Affect Well-Being? Evidence from Norway, Germany and New Zealand
Petersen, E., Bischoff, A., Liedtke, G., & Martin, A. J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18157897 · Cited by 37
“According to Keyes [16], the concept of (human) flourishing unites a broad range of different subjective well-being aspects, such as emotional well-being, psychological well-being, and social well-being.”
BackgroundMendoza, N. B., King, R. B., & Haw, J. Y. (2023) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2023.2226846 · Cited by 37
Affect regulation strategies for promoting (or preventing) flourishing emotional health
Barber, L. K., Bagsby, P. G., & Munz, D. C. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.06.002 · Cited by 29
Capone, V., Schettino, G., Marino, L., Camerlingo, C., Smith, A., & Depolo, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1340094 · Cited by 57
“Finally, in line with Keyes (2007) suggestion, it is important to investigate both well-being and malaise because the presence of one does not exclude the absence of the other.”
BackgroundSplett, J. W., Raborn, A., Brann, K. L., Smith-Millman, M. K., Halliday, C. A., & Weist, M. D. (2020) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2020.04.001 · Cited by 34
Budd, M., Iqbal, A., Harding, C., Rees, E., & Bhutani, G. (2020) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2020.200195 · Cited by 32
Hashemi, L., Fanslow, J., Gulliver, P. J., & McIntosh, T. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105372 · Cited by 28
Applying Salutogenesis in the Workplace
Jenny, G. J., Bauer, G. F., Vinje, H. F., Brauchli, R., Vogt, K., & Torp, S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_31 · Cited by 32
Edmonds, V. S., Chatterjee, K., Girardo, M. E., Butterfield, R. J., & Stonnington, C. M. (2022) · Teaching and Learning in Medicine · doi:10.1080/10401334.2021.2004415 · Cited by 28
Thom, J., Mauz, E., Peitz, D., Kersjes, C., Aichberger, M. C., Baumeister, H., Bramesfeld, A., Daszkowski, J., Eichhorn, T., Gäebel, W., et al. (2021) · PubMed Central · doi:10.25646/8861 · Cited by 28
Courage as Mediator between Positive Resources and General/Domain-Specific Well-Being Indices
Lodi, E., Perrella, L., Zarbo, R., & Patrizi, P. (2022) · European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe12080076 · Cited by 20
“Flourishing is the perception that a person has of his being able to fully realize his potential and qualities, not only related to individual self-realization but also to positive functioning in his relationship with the world [25,26].”
BackgroundNurturing Positive Mental Health: Mindfulness for Wellbeing in Counseling
Rybak, C. J. (2012) · International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling · doi:10.1007/s10447-012-9171-7 · Cited by 28
Stability and Change in Positive Development During Young Adulthood
Hawkins, M. T., Letcher, P., Sanson, A. V., O’Connor, M., Toumbourou, J. W., & Olsson, C. A. (2011) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-011-9635-9 · Cited by 28
“Similarly, wellbeing is associated with lower incidence of depressive disorder in adolescents (Keyes 2007) and depressive symptoms in adults (Keyes 2005).”
BackgroundRenshaw, T. L., Eklund, K. R., Bolognino, S. J., & Adodo, I. (2016) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-016-9558-6 · Cited by 41
LaMontagne, A. D., Milner, A. J., Krnjacki, L. J., Schlichthorst, M., Kavanagh, A. M., Page, K. E., & Pirkis, J. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3701-x · Cited by 28
“Subjective measures include positive emotion or satisfaction dimensions (including satisfaction with life as a whole), as well as social and psychological functioning dimensions, including perceptions of meaningfulness and sense of purpose in life) [15, 16, 19, 23, 24].”
BackgroundPrizmić‐Larsen, Z., Kaliterna-Lipovčan, L., Larsen, R. J., Brkljačić, T., & Brajša‐Žganec, A. (2019) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-019-09743-y · Cited by 30
Why weight for happiness? Correlates of BMI and SWB in Australia
Robertson, S., Davies, M., & Winefield, H. R. (2015) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2015.04.011 · Cited by 28
“Flourishing is a domain specific measure of engagement, positive mood, positive relationships, meaning and sense of accomplishment [4].”
BackgroundPromoting equity in the mental wellbeing of children and young people: a scoping review
Welsh, J., Strazdins, L., Ford, L., Friel, S., O'Rourke, K., Carbone, S., & Carlon, L. (2015) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/dav053 · Cited by 37
Towards happiness interventions: construct clarification and intervention methodologies
van Zyl, L. E., & Rothmann, S. (2014) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2014.980621 · Cited by 28
“Researchers approach the concept of happiness from three perspectives, namely hedonic (Kahneman, Diener, & Schwarz, 1999), eudaimonic (Waterman, 1993) or integrated perspectives (Keyes, 2007; Seligman, 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialMjøsund, N. H., Eriksson, M., Norheim, I., Keyes, C. L. M., Espnes, G. A., & Vinje, H. F. (2015) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.1080/14623730.2015.1039329 · Cited by 27
“Mental health and mental disorders belong to distinct, albeit correlated, dimensions, indicating that the presence of mental disorders does not necessarily mean the absence of good mental health (Keyes, 2007, 2014; Keyes, Dhingra, & Simoes, 2010; Westerhof & Keyes, 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationWhat’s Right With Men? Gender Role Socialization and Men’s Positive Functioning
Cole, B. P., Baglieri, M., Ploharz, S., Brennan, M., Ternes, M. S., Patterson, T. P., & Kuznia, A. (2018) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988318806074 · Cited by 34
“These factors have been implicated as vital to mental health throughout the history of positive psychology (Jahoda, 1958; Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundValidation of an Emotion Regulation Training Program on Mental Well-Being
LeBlanc, S., Uzun, B., Aydemir, A., & Mohiyeddini, C. (2019) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294119878399 · Cited by 27
“, 2017) which promotes optimal human functioning, leading one to experience a more flourishing life (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundHolopainen, L. K., Waltzer, K., Hoang, N., & Lappalainen, K. (2020) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101688 · Cited by 42
Sharma, P. K., & Kumra, R. (2020) · South Asian Journal of Business Studies · doi:10.1108/sajbs-10-2019-0184 · Cited by 34
Does Flourishing Reduce Engagement in Unhealthy and Risky Lifestyle Behaviours in Emerging Adults?
Sofija, E., Harris, N., Phung, D. T., Sav, A., & Sebar, B. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249472 · Cited by 29
“Mental wellbeing was assessed using the Mental Health Continuum–Long Form (MHC-LF) scale, which consists of 40 items across emotional (EWB), social (SWB) and psychological (PWB) wellbeing subscales [26,27,53].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialStoyanov, S. R., Zelenko, O., Staneva, A., Kavanagh, D. J., Smith, C., Sade, G., Cheers, J., & Hides, L. M. (2021) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/21085 · Cited by 28
Brailovskaia, J., Lin, M., Scholten, S., Zhu, M., Fu, Y. M., Shao, M., Hu, S., Li, X., Guo, W., Cai, D., et al. (2021) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-021-00454-6 · Cited by 33
Serenity and Inner Peace: Positive Perspectives
Floody, D. R. (2013) · Peace psychology book series · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9366-2_5 · Cited by 28
Santini, Z. I., Meilstrup, C., Hinrichsen, C., Nielsen, L., Koyanagi, A., Krokstad, S., Keyes, C. L. M., & Koushede, V. (2018) · Social Currents · doi:10.1177/2329496518815868 · Cited by 32
“Given that the concept of flourishing is defined as optimal mental health at the very top end of the mental health spectrum (Hone et al. 2014; Keyes 2002, 2007), we used a more conservative approach than Huppert and So (2013) to operationalize the flourishing scale to capture specifically the most…”
MethodResultSelf-citationMental Health and Weather Extremes in a Southeastern U.S. City: Exploring Group Differences by Race
Mason, L. R., Sharma, B. B., Walters, J. E., & Ekenga, C. C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17103411 · Cited by 30
“It is possible that factors such as greater resilience and coping behaviors in the face of stressful situations account for the relatively better outcomes among racial minority groups [39,40].”
BackgroundOutcomes of Organizational and Community Embeddedness: A Conservation of Resources Perspective
Singh, B., Shaffer, M. A., & Selvarajan, T. T. (2020) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601120963560 · Cited by 29
“As an indicator of well-being, flourishing has been described as the ‘pinnacle’ of good mental health (Keyes, 2016), and it has been associated with many positive outcomes, including enhanced perceptions of control in life, positive life goals, and close interpersonal relationships (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundDaily Stressor-Related Negative Mood and its Associations with Flourishing and Daily Curiosity
Drake, A., Doré, B., Falk, E. B., Zurn, P., Bassett, D. S., & Lydon‐Staley, D. M. (2021) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-021-00404-2 · Cited by 27
“…that people high in flourishing show lower stressor-related negative mood relative to those low in flourishing motivates future work to determine which of the many emotional, psychological, and social resources associated with flourishing (Huppert & So, 2013; Keyes, 2002, 2007) drive this finding.”
BackgroundChaves, C. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64537-3_11 · Cited by 37
“In a large sample of American adolescents, Keyes (2007) C. Chaves (B) Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain © The Author(s) 2021 M. L. Kern and M. L. Wehmeyer (eds.)”
BackgroundPositive Youth Development in Education
Römer, D., & Hansen, D. T. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64537-3_4 · Cited by 32
Naehrig, D. N., Schokman, A., Hughes, J. K., Epstein, R. M., Hickie, I. B., & Glozier, N. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046599 · Cited by 31
Abelson, S., Lipson, S. K., & Eisenberg, D. (2021) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66959-1_6-1 · Cited by 38
The Fertility of a Concept: A Bibliometric Review of Human Flourishing
Cebral-Loureda, M., Tamés-Muñoz, E., & Baqueiro, A. H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052586 · Cited by 30
“The relevance of psychology in the number of citations is constant throughout the sample, as this field contains six of the ten most cited documents: [35] with 1269 citations; again, Fredrickson, but now with Losada [5], with 1182 citations; [36] with 879 citations; [29] with 524 citations; again, Keyes [33], with 311…”
BackgroundInfluentialHedonic Versus (True) Eudaimonic Well-Being in Organizations
Grant, P., & McGhee, P. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30025-8_37 · Cited by 30
Jakobsen, A. L., Jørgensen, A., Tølbøll, L., & Johnsen, S. B. (2022) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102905 · Cited by 26
Assessment of Social-Emotional Competencies Related to Resilience
Naglieri, J. A., LeBuffe, P. A., & Shapiro, V. B. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3661-4_15 · Cited by 26
Gómez, F., & Barrientos, J. (2012) · Sexualidad Salud y Sociedad (Rio de Janeiro) · doi:10.1590/s1984-64872012000400005 · Cited by 26
“KEYES, Corey.”
Daytime Observed Emotional Expressions of People With Dementia
Lee, K. H., Algase, D. L., & McConnell, E. S. (2013) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0b013e31829999d7 · Cited by 26
Effects of self-construal and its relationship with subjective well-being across cultures
Yamaguchi, A., & Kim, M. (2013) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105313496448 · Cited by 26
“According to Keyes (2007), mental health may be more than the absence of mental illness.”
BackgroundWomen's Health-Enhancing Physical Activity and Eudaimonic Well Being
Ferguson, L. J., Kowalski, K. C., Mack, D. E., Wilson, P. M., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2012) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2012.10599880 · Cited by 26
“Psychological health, however, should not be limited to the absence of psychological maladies; instead it should include positive characteristics, such as positive affect, purpose in life, and social contribution (Cowen, 1991; Keyes, 2007; Ryan, Huta, & Deci, 2008).”
BackgroundAn Update on the Mental Health of Black Americans
Earl, T. R., Williams, D. R., & Anglade, S. (2011) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798410396077 · Cited by 26
“While recognizing the substantial strides set forth by the National Institute of Mental Health to “cure therapeutics” and to have a more “mentally healthier” American population (see Insel & Scolnick, 2006), the phenomenon of mental health flourishing assumes that an adult is completely free of a mental illness and de…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialClausen, T., Burr, H., & Borg, V. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494814527187 · Cited by 29
Social Competence and Psychological Vulnerability: The Mediating Role of Flourishing
Uysal, R. (2015) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/21.pr0.117c18z2 · Cited by 26
Torniainen‐Holm, M., Pankakoski, M., Lehto, T., Saarelma, O., Mustonen, P., Joutsenniemi, K., & Suvisaari, J. (2016) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0125-4 · Cited by 26
Clausen, T., Conway, P. M., Burr, H., Kristensen, T. S., Hansen, Å. M., Garde, A. H., & Høgh, A. (2019) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-019-01428-1 · Cited by 26
“According to Keyes (2007), the mental health of individuals depends on the satisfaction of basic psychological and social needs—for instance, feelings of positive relations to others, and feelings of being part of a social community.”
BackgroundResultMental health promotion: concepts and strategies for reaching the population
Jané‐Llopis, E. (2007) · Health Promotion Journal of Australia · doi:10.1071/he07191 · Cited by 26
Predictive Power of Positive Mental Health: A Scoping Review
Margraf, J., Teismann, T., & Brailovskaia, J. (2024) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-024-00788-x · Cited by 31
“…was primarily concerned with eliminating or reducing disorder, with the rise of positive psychology the focus is increasingly on the positive dimension of health (Fava & Guidi, 2020 ; Hendriks et al., 2019 ; Keyes, 2007 ; Seligman et al., 2005 ; Wood & Johnson, 2016 ; Wood & Tarrier, 2010).”
InfluentialThe Complete State Model of Mental Health
Keyes, C. L. M., & Martin, C. C. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316339275.009 · Cited by 29
Self-citationMental Health in Ethiopia: an Exploratory Study of Counseling Alignment with Culture
Zeleke, W. A., Nichols, L. M., & Wondie, Y. (2019) · International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling · doi:10.1007/s10447-018-9368-5 · Cited by 25
D’Souza, J. M., Zvolensky, M. J., Smith, B. H., & Gallagher, M. W. (2020) · Journal of Well-Being Assessment · doi:10.1007/s41543-021-00037-5 · Cited by 25
Liu, Y., Ni, X., & Niu, G. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105689 · Cited by 30
Bertollo, M., Forzini, F., Biondi, S., Liborio, M. D., Vaccaro, M. G., Georgiadis, E. M., & Conti, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.607152 · Cited by 27
“He proposed 13 dimensions of flourishing mental health that have been seminal in defining and measuring mental health even today (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundKirby, L. A. J., Zolkoski, S. M., O'Brien, K. H., Mathew, J., Kennedy, B., & Sass, S. M. (2022) · Journal of Happiness and Health · doi:10.47602/johah.v3i1.31 · Cited by 28
“This unidimensional mental health model positions psychological distress and psychological well-being on opposite ends of a single dimension (Keyes, 2005, 2007; Renshaw & Cohen, 2014).”
Development and Validation of the Hope for Change Through Counseling Scale
Bartholomew, T. T., Scheel, M., & Cole, B. P. (2015) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000015589190 · Cited by 25
“Keyes (2007), in his presentation of the complete state model, argued that mental health consists of both positive well-being and negative psychological symptoms.”
BackgroundBazyk, S. S., Demirjian, L., Horvath, F., & Doxsey, L. (2018) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2018.025379 · Cited by 29
“People who are mentally healthy and feel happy demonstrate greater degrees of everyday functioning (Keyes, 2007) and healthy behaviors (Rasciute & Downward, 2010).”
BackgroundProfiles of Mental Health Competence and Difficulties as Predictors of Children’s Early Learning
O’Connor, E. J., O’Connor, M., Gray, S. A. O., & Goldfeld, S. R. (2018) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-018-9252-9 · Cited by 26
“Indeed, anything less than the combination of high competence with low difficulties is associated with increased impairment and disability (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialWeiss, L., Voshaar, M. A. H. O., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Westerhof, G. J. (2020) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01416-x · Cited by 27
“The promotion of wellbeing is now widely recognized as a new goal in mental health care to complement the traditional focus on preventing and treating problems [2, 18, 19].”
BackgroundKing, P. E., & Whitney, W. B. (2015) · Journal of Psychology and Theology · doi:10.1177/009164711504300105 · Cited by 26
Subjective Well-Being and Meaning in Life in a Hostile World: Proposing a Configurative Perspective
Shmotkin, D., & Shrira, A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6527-6_6 · Cited by 27
A Well-Rounded Education for a Flat World
Hersh, R. H. (2009) · Cited by 25
Ali, M. J. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/37933 · Cited by 26
Dialectical coping and well-being among Chinese college students: the mediating role of resilience
Deng, K., Wong, Y. J., Li, J. P. F., & McCullough, K. M. (2020) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070.2020.1783641 · Cited by 24
Interventions for improving mental health in athletes: a scoping review
Ekelund, R., Holmström, S., Gustafsson, H., Ivarsson, A., Lundqvist, C., & Stenling, A. (2023) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2023.2258383 · Cited by 33
“…& Moore (2007), 26 Meichenbaum (1985), 27 Long (1984), 28 Bernstein & Borkovic (1973), 29 Kabat-Zinn (1982), 30 Deci & Ryan (1985), 31 WHO (2013), 32 Keyes (2007), 33 Kolb & Kolb (2005), 34 Fujita & Diener (2005), 35 Diener et al. (2002), 36 Lent (2004), 37 Gollwitzer (1993), 38 Nuttin (1985), 39…”
Yang, Z., Sun, F., Zhao, L., Hu, T., Lin, X., & Guo, Y. (2023) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-023-01587-0 · Cited by 26
Assessing Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness Briefly
Martela, F., & Ryan, R. M. (2024) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000846 · Cited by 32
The Integrative Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression (IPPI-D)
Chaves, C., López‐Gómez, I., Hervás, G., & Vázquez, C. (2019) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-018-9412-0 · Cited by 28
“Based on this idea, Keyes (2007) proposed a "complete state of mental health model” in which psychological well-being (i.e., positive emotions, coping resources, life satisfaction, strengths, etc.) may coexist with psychological difficulties (i.e., symptoms, deficits, disorders), and both aspects…”
MethodBrömmelhaus, A., Feldhaus, M., & Schlegel, M. (2019) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-019-9710-z · Cited by 24
Mackay, L. M., Egli, V., Booker, L.-J., & Prendergast, K. B. (2019) · Kōtuitui New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online · doi:10.1080/1177083x.2019.1603165 · Cited by 24
Design for Human Flourishing: A Novel Design Approach for a More ‘Humane’ Architecture
Stevens, R., Petermans, A., & Vanrie, J. (2019) · The Design Journal · doi:10.1080/14606925.2019.1612574 · Cited by 29
“However, to understand a concept such as HF, in which people try to be the best person they can be, this concept needs to be studied it in its own right (Keyes, 2007; Huppert & So, 2013).”
BackgroundAbun, D., Magallanes, T., Foronda, S. L. G., & Encarnacion, M. J. (2020) · International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) · doi:10.20525/ijrbs.v9i2.623 · Cited by 40
“Respect produces positive mental health or flourishing(Keyes, 2007).”
Orth, Z., & van Wyk, B. E. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037237 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Keyes, C. L. M.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Keyes, Corey L. M.
- ORCID
- Keyes, Corey L. M.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 95-108
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2037808094
- Cited by
- 2,268
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 149 · 2025: 161 · 2024: 159 · 2023: 164 · 2022: 216 · 2021: 176 · 2020: 146 · 2019: 140 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 154 · 2016: 112 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 107 · 2012: 78
- FWCI
- 61.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- eudaimonia, mental health continuum, mental health promotion, mental illness prevention, psychosocial functioning, resilience, helplessness, cardiovascular risk, chronic physical illness, health care utilization, labor productivity, National Mental Health Policy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Mental Disorders, Educational Status, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Racial Groups
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