The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing: A complementary strategy for improving national mental health.
Abstract
This article summarizes the conception and diagnosis of the mental health continuum, the findings supporting the two continua model of mental health and illness, and the benefits of flourishing to individuals and society. Completely mentally healthy adults--individuals free of a 12-month mental disorder and flourishing--reported the fewest missed days of work, the fewest half-day or greater work cutbacks, the healthiest psychosocial functioning (i.e., low helplessness, clear goals in life, high resilience, and high intimacy), the lowest risk of cardiovascular disease, the lowest number of chronic physical diseases with age, the fewest health limitations of activities of daily living, and lower health care utilization. However, the prevalence of flourishing is barely 20% in the adult population, indicating the need for a national program on mental health promotion to complement ongoing efforts to prevent and treat mental illness. Findings reveal a Black advantage in mental health as flourishing and no gender disparity in flourishing among Whites.
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In the citing paper
“Increasing evidence demonstrates that mental health or well-being is more than just the absence of mental illness (e.g., Keyes, 2007)”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Keyes, 2007
In the citing paper
“Given the findings that subjective, psychological, and social well-being can contribute to a more complete understanding of mental and physical health (Keyes, 2007)”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Keyes, 2007
In the citing paper
“Given the increasing evidence that mental health is more than just the absence of mental illness (Keyes, 2005, 2007)”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Keyes, 2007
In the citing paper
“Often overlooked is the fact that psychological well-being is not the absence of ill-being (Diener 2000; Keyes 2007).”
From The role of passion in sustainable psychological well-being (2012) · cites this paper as Keyes 2007
In the citing paper
“According to Keyes absence of mental health problems (i.e. languishing) is not similar to good mental health (i.e. flourishing) and mental health should be seen as a continuum”
From Impact of organized activities on mental health in children and adolescents: An umbrella review (2022) · cites this paper as Keyes, 2007
In the citing paper
“Thus, university teachers felt that their professional activity and the quality of their teaching were affected (e.g., when they established a more distant relationship with students, had less ability to prepare classes or lacked mastery in the use of technological tools), and they felt less involvement and flourishing [41, 42].”
From Boundary violations and university teachers' well-being during mandatory telework: Recovery's role and gender differences (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“it has previously been established that health and mental illness work in a relatively independent manner [153]”
From Well-Being and Romantic Relationships: A Systematic Review in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood (2019) · cites this paper as [153]
In the citing paper
“PPWB is associated with higher psychological functioning, 16 lower incidence of chronic diseases (e.g., gastrointestinal disease, arthritis), 18 lower risk of cardiovascular events, 19 and improved health behaviors such as regular exercise, restful sleep, and a decreased sedentary behavior. 1”
From Positive psychological well-being in women with obesity: A scoping review of qualitative and quantitative primary research (2022) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“studies have shown that after correcting for psychopathology, low levels of positive mental health are associated with more somatic diseases, increased risk of developing a mental disorder, and decreased social and work-related functioning [56].”
In the citing paper
“The original version of the instrument obtained good internal consistency for the full scale (α = 0.74) and between acceptable and good internal consistency for the sub-scales (α = 0.59 and 0.70; Keyes, 2007 ).”
From A latent profile analysis of aggression and prosocial behavior in relation to adolescent wellbeing (2025) · cites this paper as Keyes, 2007
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Items 601–700 of 1,007
Mental well-being in Sri Lankan medical students: a cross-sectional study
Wimberly, C. E., Rajapakse, I. H., Park, L. P., Price, A., Proeschold‐Bell, R. J., & Østbye, T. (2020) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2020.1858488 · Cited by 23
“Because positive mental health is only correlated with, and not the opposite of, negative mental health, the absence of positive mental health in our sample does not necessarily indicate the presence of negative mental health (C. L. Keyes, 2005, 2007).”
BackgroundStress, flourishing and intention to leave of teachers: Does coping type matter?
Marais-Opperman, V., Rothmann, S., & van Eeden, C. (2021) · SA Journal of Industrial Psychology · doi:10.4102/sajip.v47i0.1834 · Cited by 30
“Flourishing and languishing occur in work contexts (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundThe effects of rumination, distraction, and gratitude on positive and negative affect.
Layous, K., Kumar, S. A., Arendtson, M., & Najera, A. (2022) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000440 · Cited by 29
Recovery in New Zealand: An evolving concept?
O’Hagan, M., Reynolds, P., & Smith, C. W.-I.-T.-R. (2012) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2011.651447 · Cited by 24
“…relationships, poorer productivity, poorer physical health and a shorter lifespan than for those with optimal well-being and no mental illness (Government Offi ce for Science, 2008; Keyes, 2007; WHO & the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, 2008;Wilkinson, 2005; Wilkinson & Pickett, 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialDose, É., Desrumaux, P., Sovet, L., & de Bosscher, S. (2017) · Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations · doi:10.1016/j.pto.2017.05.002 · Cited by 29
Flourishing: positive emotion regulation strategies of pharmacy students
Basson, M., & Rothmann, S. (2017) · International Journal of Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.1111/ijpp.12420 · Cited by 29
Centeredness Theory: Understanding and Measuring Well-Being Across Core Life Domains
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“Lastly, composite well-being, as the name intimates, views subjective well-being and psychological well-being as conceptually related but distinct streams of positive psychological functioning, and accumulating evidence highlights the merits in measuring both components using composite indices such as the Mental Healt…”
BackgroundSelf-Management of Depression: Beyond the Medical Model
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Changes in Well-Being: Complementing a Psychosocial Approach with Neurobiological Insights
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Resilience: concepts, findings, and clinical implications
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Sood, S., & Puri, D. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03272-y · Cited by 25
“It is argued, a person exhibiting more positive than negative affect is more likely to realize one’s potential (Keyes, 2007).”
Bartolo, M. G., Palermiti, A. L., Servidio, R. C., & Costabile, A. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su152316207 · Cited by 23
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Shannon, S., Breslin, G., Prentice, G., & Leavey, G. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113393 · Cited by 21
“Further, when high in well-being, one is at reduced likelihood of mental illness, and more likely to flourish in society (Keyes, 2007; Ryan & Deci, 2017).”
Przybylko, G., Morton, D. P., Morton, J. K., Renfrew, M. E., & Hinze, J. S. (2021) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2021.1897868 · Cited by 25
“By contrast, the antithesis of flourishing, referred to as ‘languishing’ (Keyes, 2007), is characterised by low levels of positive emotion and life satisfaction, high levels of distress, increased risk of chronic disease and higher rates of all-cause mortality (Diener & Chan, 2011; Keyes & Simoes,…”
Backgroundvan Agteren, J. E., Ali, K., Fassnacht, D. B., Iasiello, M. P., Furber, G., Howard, A., Woodyatt, L., Musker, M., & Kyrios, M. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/28044 · Cited by 22
“In other words, such interventions can be used as a target to promote mental health in the general population using psychological interventions, addressing prodromal symptoms [26].”
BackgroundA new complex mental health test in a positive psychological framework
Zábó, V., Oláh, A., & Vargha, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.775622 · Cited by 27
“Keyes (2007) 13-dimensions mental health questionnaire does not comprehensively include all the important capabilities (e.g., savoring, self-regulation, resilience) and components (e.g., spiritual well-being) which are essential in achieving a high degree of positive mental health.”
BackgroundLin, M., Ni, J., & Lin, M.-Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.915190 · Cited by 20
“Previous studies have confirmed that the model has a good predictive effect on the physical and mental functions and social function of different groups (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundParola, A., & Marcionetti, J. (2022) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc13010005 · Cited by 23
Beyond polarization towards dynamic balance: harmony as the core of mental health
Fave, A. D., Wissing, M. P., & Brdar, I. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1177657 · Cited by 28
“For example, in most studies conducted through the MHC-SF around 50% of the participants turn to be “moderately healthy” – neither flourishing nor languishing (Keyes, 2007; Keyes et al., 2008; Petrillo et al., 2015; Bassi et al., 2021).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLe bien-être au travail : les apports d’une étude par profils
Biétry, F., & Creusier, J. (2015) · Relations industrielles · doi:10.7202/1029278ar · Cited by 36
PERCEIVED STRESS, COPING STRATEGY AND GENERAL HEALTH: A STUDY ON ACCOUNTING STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA
Lim, Y. M., Tam, C. L., & Lee, T. H. (2013) · Researchers World – Journal of Arts Science & Commerce · Cited by 23
Boström, P., Johnels, J. Å., Thorson, M., & Broberg, M. (2016) · Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1080/19315864.2016.1186254 · Cited by 24
“Recent empirical findings regarding the developmental trajectories of mental health and mental health problems across the lifespan suggest that these are separate but related constructs (Keyes, 2007; Westerhof & Keyes, 2010).”
BackgroundRoy, M., Levasseur, M., Doré, I., St‐Hilaire, F., Michallet, B., Couturier, Y., Maltais, D., Lindström, B., & Généreux, M. (2018) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.014 · Cited by 22
Lamborn, P. B., Cramer, K. M., & Riberdy, A. (2018) · Journal of Well-Being Assessment · doi:10.1007/s41543-018-0007-z · Cited by 23
“Black individuals have been found to report higher levels of overall mental health, compared to Caucasians (Keyes 2007).”
ResultInfluentialFerentinos, P. P., Yotsidi, V., Porichi, E., Douzenis, A., Papageorgiou, C., & Stalikas, A. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22780 · Cited by 23
The impact of a teacher-based positive education intervention on student wellbeing literacy
Waters, L. E., & Higgins, M. C. (2021) · Journal of School and Educational Psychology · doi:10.47602/josep.v2i1.12 · Cited by 28
“…conceptualized as a multidimensional construct (Forgeard et al., 2011; Seligman, 2018; Stutzer & Frey, 2010) characterized by a profile of indicators that fall on the positive end of the mental health 23 Journal of School and Educational Psychology continuum (Keyes, 2007; Westerhof & Keyes, 2010).”
BackgroundPhysical activity and mental wellbeing in deprived neighbourhoods
Mason, P., & Kearns, A. (2013) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2013.06.005 · Cited by 26
Promoting Positive Mental Health and Well-Being: Practice and Policy
Barry, M. M. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5195-8_16 · Cited by 25
Saffarinia, M., & Dortaj, A. (2018) · Salmand · doi:10.21859/sija.12.4.482 · Cited by 32
A Salutogenic Mental Health Model: Flourishing as a Metaphor for Good Mental Health
Mjøsund, N. H. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63135-2_5 · Cited by 26
Bravo-Sanzana, M., Oriol, X., & Miranda, R. (2022) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-021-09905-1 · Cited by 24
“Subsequently, Keyes (2007) defined mental health (or flourishing) as a combination of high levels of hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing.”
Backgroundde la Fuente, J., Uríen, B., Luís, E. O., Torres, M. C. G., Garde, R. A., & Balaguer, Á. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.856558 · Cited by 31
“In this respect, extant research (Keyes, 2007), as well as recent studies, also show the importance of improving flourishing so as to increase hedonic wellbeing (Allison et al., 2020; Lee et al., 2021).”
BackgroundCourtney, M. G. R., Hernández, D., Karakuş, M., & Singh, N. (2023) · Large-scale Assessments in Education · doi:10.1186/s40536-023-00170-y · Cited by 30
“MHC incorporates subjective well-being (SWB; Keyes, 2002, 2005, 2007) and psychological well-being (PWB) (Ryff, 1989), as discussed above.”
BackgroundOgina, T. A. (2012) · South African Journal of Education · doi:10.15700/saje.v32n4a668 · Cited by 22
“Viewed through a positive psychological lens, Masten (2001), Kaplan (2005) and Keyes (2007) acknowledge the role of human strength as a buffer in such adverse circumstances.”
BackgroundClausen, T., Burr, H., & Borg, V. (2014) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000078 · Cited by 22
Doyle, L., Ellilä, H., Jormfeldt, H., Lahti, M., Higgins, A., Keogh, B., Meade, O., Sitvast, J. E., Skärsäter, I., Stickley, T., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12370 · Cited by 22
Psychological Well-Being Among Tanzanian University Students
Rugira, J., Nienaber, A. W., & Wissing, M. P. (2013) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2013.10820647 · Cited by 22
“…prevalence of high levels of flourishing in students is much higher than the approximate 38% of youth flourishing in a representative sample in the United States (Keyes, 2006, 2007), and in other adult groups in western and African context as reported by Keyes (2007) and Wissing and Temane (2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialNelson, G. B., Goering, P. N., & Tsemberis, S. J. (2012) · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-00304-1_13 · Cited by 20
Bauer, A., Newbury-Birch, D., Robalino, S., Ferguson, J., & Wigham, S. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190144 · Cited by 21
Students’ wellbeing in positive higher education: conceptual frameworks and influencing factors
Li, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1607364 · Cited by 42
Wang, L., Wong, Y. J., & Chung, Y. B. (2018) · Asian American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1037/aap0000098 · Cited by 22
Testing the Psychological Wellbeing and Distress Screener with Turkish adolescents
Renshaw, T. L., & Arslan, G. (2018) · International Journal of School & Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/21683603.2017.1414007 · Cited by 21
“…model of mental health (BMMH; Renshaw & Bolognino, 2017), which is synonymous with the dual-factor (Suldo & Shaffer, 2008) and twocontinua (Keyes, 2007) models, posits that “positive mental health” and “negative mental health” are related yet distinct phenomena—and that both warrant…”
BackgroundMethodPromoting Wellness in Refugee Populations
Blount, A. J., & Acquaye, H. E. (2018) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/jcad.12227 · Cited by 26
Gonzalez, M. B., Sittner, K. J., Ullrich, J. S., & Walls, M. L. (2021) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/cdp0000466 · Cited by 21
“It has been shown that while communities might have high levels of mental health problems, they may simultaneously have high rates of mental wellbeing (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundLordan, G., & Stringer, E.-J. (2022) · Economics & Human Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101144 · Cited by 23
Lomas, T., Bartels, M., van de Weijer, M. P., Pluess, M., Hanson, J. A., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2022) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/17540739221114109 · Cited by 24
“For instance, Kövecses (1998) highlights ontological metaphors, such as references to behaviour of liquid in a container (e.g., ‘brimming,’ ‘bubbling up’). Relatedly, structural metaphors include people depicting themselves as moving quickly between locations, often in ways that intersect with orientational metaphors…”
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Music-evoked autobiographical memories, emotion regulation, time perspective, and mental health
Blais-Rochette, C., & Miranda, D. (2016) · Musicae Scientiae · doi:10.1177/1029864915626967 · Cited by 29
“A comprehensive way to conceptualize mental health is through the absence of psychopathological symptoms in conjunction with the presence of well-being (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundBuilding salutogenic capacity: a year of experience from a salutogenic talk-therapy group
Langeland, E., Gjengedal, E., & Vinje, H. F. (2016) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.1080/14623730.2016.1230070 · Cited by 22
“This is in line with Keyes’ two-continua model of health, illustrating that people can experience being both healthy and having a mental illness during a specific period of time (Keyes, 2007; Mjøsund et al., 2015).”
ResultEffect of an Emotion Regulation Training Program on Mental Well-Being
LeBlanc, S., Uzun, B., Pourseied, K., & Mohiyeddini, C. (2016) · International Journal of Group Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/00207284.2016.1203585 · Cited by 22
“To paraphrase Albert Einstein, “Science and society cannot solve the mental health problems of today by using the same kind of thinking that was used before when. . . science and society helped create them” (Keyes, 2007, p. 106).”
BackgroundLeisure Activities and the Subjective Well-Being of Older Adults in Croatia
Lipovčan, L. K., Brkljačić, T., Larsen, Z. P., Brajša‐Žganec, A., & Franc, R. (2018) · GeroPsych · doi:10.1024/1662-9647/a000179 · Cited by 21
“They experience positive emotions regularly and excel in their daily lives, so they might also be engaging in new activities more often than people who do not flourish (Catalino & Fredrikson, 2011; Keyes 2007).”
BackgroundMuñoz, C. P., & Nieto, B. B. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00035 · Cited by 21
“The central concept developed by Keyes (2007) defines the flourisher as the individual who experiences a high level of emotional, psychological and social well-being.”
BackgroundDong, A., Zhang, X., Zhou, H., Chen, S., Zhao, W., Wu, M., Guo, J., & Guo, W. (2019) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-019-1120-2 · Cited by 21
“It has social consequences and significant health outcomes [7, 8], and it could replace the traditional medical treatment of mental illness [9].”
BackgroundCase, A. D., Keyes, C. L. M., Huffman, K. F., Sittser, K., Wallace, A., Khatiwoda, P., Parnell, H. E., & Proeschold‐Bell, R. J. (2019) · Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community · doi:10.1080/10852352.2019.1617525 · Cited by 25
Self-citationSocial cohesion and quality of life among survivors of a natural disaster
Shigemoto, Y., & Kawachi, I. I. (2020) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-020-02590-7 · Cited by 23
Madsen, E. E., Krustrup, P., Larsen, C. H., Elbe, A., Wikman, J. M., Ivarsson, A., & Lautenbach, F. (2021) · Science and Medicine in Football · doi:10.1080/24733938.2021.1959047 · Cited by 25
Schick, M. R., Kirk‐Provencher, K. T., Goldstein, S. C., Nalven, T., & Spillane, N. S. (2021) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-021-01282-z · Cited by 25
“Conversely, people can cope effectively with mental illness and live a fulfilling and satisfied life (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundEvaluating OVal-9, An Instrument for Detecting Experiences of Value in Daily Occupations
Persson, D., & Erlandsson, L. (2010) · Occupational Therapy in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/01642120903515284 · Cited by 22
“Consequently, it seems inevitable that to produce increased mental health, and in fact physical health which is seen to be predicted by mental health status (Keyes, 2007), peoples’ everyday environments have to be explored.”
BackgroundInquiry-Based Stress Reduction Meditation Technique for Teacher Burnout: A Qualitative Study
Schnaider‐Levi, L., Mitnik, I., Zafrani, K., Goldman, Z., & Lev‐Ari, S. (2017) · Mind Brain and Education · doi:10.1111/mbe.12137 · Cited by 20
What makes me matter? Investigating how and why people feel significant
Prinzing, M., Sappenfield, C. A., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2023) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2023.2168562 · Cited by 25
“Past work has shown that positive and negative mental health are distinct constructs (Keyes, 2007), with different links to other psychological processes and outcomes (Catalino & Fredrickson, 2011).”
Ramdas, S. K., & Patrick, H. A. (2019) · South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management · doi:10.1177/2322093719870024 · Cited by 29
“When employees are satisfied with themselves, they experience flourishing by displaying efficacy by contributing towards the organization (Diener et al., 2010; Eraslan-Capan, 2016; Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundVincent‐Höper, S., Adler, M., Stein, M., Vaupel, C., & Nienhaus, A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17072570 · Cited by 20
“In line with this definition, many authors acknowledge that well-being includes both (the absence of) negative and positive aspects [30,31].”
BackgroundSkoog, T., & Kapetanovic, S. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420000565 · Cited by 26
Quality of life: Flourishing in the work context
Fabrício, A., Kaczam, F., Obregon, S. L., de Almeida, D. M., Lopes, L. F. D., da Veiga, C. P., & da Silva, W. V. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01203-3 · Cited by 21
“Secondly, (ii) it provides a set of individual and collective benefits (Keyes, 2007), including reduced absences from work, fewer limitations on daily activities and lower usage of health-related care (Maguire, Hunting, Guidotti, & Smith, 2005; Dropkin, Power, Rasul, Moline, & Kim, 2019).”
BackgroundOn the Role of Mental Health Activities for Teachers’ Work and Life
Hofmann, H., Groß, D., & Kohlmann, C. (2020) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-020-09885-4 · Cited by 27
“This scale combines the hedonic as well as the eudaimonic aspect of positive mental health (Keyes 2007) and assesses the presence of general emotional, psychological, and social well-being.”
BackgroundPsychological well-being in palliative care: A systematic review
Elvira, T. R., del Prado, C. I., & Cruzado, J. A. (2021) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228211019203 · Cited by 25
“In recent years, mental health has changed its scope of action, leaving aside the symptom to take more into account the positive aspects that promote psychological well-being (Keyes, 2007; Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000; World Health Organization, 2005).”
BackgroundMeetings are an Important Prerequisite for Flourishing Workplace Relationships
Persson, S. S., Blomqvist, K., & Lindström, P. N. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18158092 · Cited by 26
“At first, it was more individually focused and used in terms of the state a person achieves when attaining the highest levels of functioning in life and perceiving psychosocial health [23].”
BackgroundLess is more. Discovering the latent factors of trait resilience
Maltby, J., & Hall, S. S. (2022) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104193 · Cited by 22
Family-Centered Care and Flourishing in Early Childhood
Donney, J. F., Ghandour, R. M., Kogan, M. D., & Lewin, A. B. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.06.015 · Cited by 20
Liu, G., Isbell, L. M., Constantino, M. J., & Leidner, B. (2022) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-022-00560-z · Cited by 21
“In addition, we assessed flourishing as both a continuous and categorical measure, as recommended by Keyes (2007) because each approach provides valuable information and can attest whether conclusions vary by approach.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialUpenieks, L., Louie, P., & Hill, T. D. (2022) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/21568693221119786 · Cited by 23
Self-Compassion as a Means to Improve Job-Related Well-Being in Academia
Dreisoerner, A., Klaic, A., van Dick, R., & Junker, N. M. (2022) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-022-00602-6 · Cited by 20
“Positive psychology interventions aim at enhancing strengths and resources such as optimism and gratitude in order to promote well-being (Keyes, 2007; Rashid, 2009).”
BackgroundTang, D., Mair, C. A., & Hu, Q. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1142036 · Cited by 20
“However, based on the dual factor model of mental health (DFM), which conceptualizes mental health as having simultaneous positive and negative mental states (Greenspoon and Saklofske, 2001; Keyes, 2007; Suldo and Shaffer, 2008; Westerhof and Keyes, 2010; Wang et al., 2011), a focus on only poor mental health (e.”
BackgroundInfluentialNegative Wealth Shock and Cognitive Decline and Dementia in Middle-Aged and Older US Adults
Pan, L., Gao, B., Zhu, J., & Guo, J. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49258 · Cited by 20
Coping Self-Efficacy as Mediator in the Dynamics of Psychological Well-Being in Various Contexts
Wissing, M. P., Khumalo, I. P., Oosthuizen, T. M., Nienaber, A. W., Kruger, A., Potgieter, J. C., & Temane, Q. M. (2011) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2011.10820445 · Cited by 22
“But absence of symptoms is not complete health as argued and shown in findings from positive psychology (Huppert, 2009; Keyes, 2005, 2007; Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000).”
BackgroundPositive psychology and the training of psychologists: Students’ perspectives
Guse, T. (2010) · SA Journal of Industrial Psychology · doi:10.4102/sajip.v36i2.848 · Cited by 33
Relationship of Mental Health and Illness in Substance Abuse Patients
Alterman, A., Cacciola, J., Ivey, M. A., Coviello, D. M., Lynch, K., Dugosh, K. L., & Habing, B. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.022 · Cited by 27
“There is now some indication that positive and negative aspects of psychological experience are mediated by different psychological systems (Keyes, 2007, 2009; MacLeod & Moore, 2000; Pressman & Cohen, 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialTenorio, K. A., & Lo, C. C. (2011) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.3109/00952990.2011.568079 · Cited by 20
“The relationships between social location and mentalhealth problems can be explained by social integration (16).”
BackgroundSequeira, C., Carvalho, J. C., Sampaio, F., de Sá, L. O., Lluch‐Canut, T., & Roldán-Merino, J. F. (2014) · RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) · Cited by 20
Srivastava, U. R., & Maurya, V. (2017) · Management and Labour Studies · doi:10.1177/0258042x17718739 · Cited by 29
“…and its components have been associated with PsyCap and mental health (Axtell et al., 2000; Bandura, 1997; Britt, Adler, & Bartone, 2001; Ferris, Sinclair, & Kline, 2005; Keyes, 2007; Meier, Semmer, Elfering, & Jacobshagen, 2008; Snyder, Lehman, Kluck, & Monsson, 2006; Williams & Cooper, 1998).”
Negri, L., Piazza, G., Sartori, R. D. G., Cocchi, M. G., & Fave, A. D. (2018) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1423519 · Cited by 24
“health [44] and self-determination [37].”
Can technologies make a difference for hospitalized youth: Findings from research
Maor, D., & Mitchem, K. (2015) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.12112 · Cited by 20
Defining Happiness for Young Adults With Schizophrenia: A Building Block for Recovery
Buckland, H. T., Schepp, K. G., & Crusoe, K. L. (2013) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2013.07.002 · Cited by 20
“Flourishing is described by Keyes (2007) as a state with high levels of subjective well-being and psychological and social functioning.”
BackgroundAn exploration of Generation Y's experiences of offshore fly-in/fly-out employment
Carter, T., & Kaczmarek, E. A. (2009) · Australasian Journal of Paramedicine · Cited by 20
The Measurement of Mental Disorder
Wakefield, J. C., & Schmitz, M. F. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511984945.005 · Cited by 20
Are newly added and lost confidants in later life related to subsequent mental health?
Cohn‐Schwartz, E., & Litwin, H. (2017) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610217001338 · Cited by 20
“This can attest to differences between the positive and negative aspects of mental health, as they are overlapping but different aspects of the same concept (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodSocial Well-Being Scales: Validity and Reliability Evidence in the Portuguese Context
Lages, A. C., Magalhães, E., Antunes, C., & Ferreira, C. (2018) · Psicologia · doi:10.17575/rpsicol.v32i2.1334 · Cited by 25
“There is evidence that when comparing completely mentally healthy individuals (high levels of well-being and low psychopathology) with those having low psychopathology but also low well-being, it is the latter group that tend to show more physical health problems (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundThe Prevalence of Levels of Well-Being Revisited in an African Context
Wissing, M. P., & Temane, Q. M. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5195-8_4 · Cited by 20
Rickardsson, J., Zetterqvist, V., Kemani, M. K., Holmström, L., Andersson, E., & Wicksell, R. K. (2019) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.08.009 · Cited by 19
Appiah, R. (2022) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2022.100931 · Cited by 20
Andersson, M. A. (2018) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/2378023118773158 · Cited by 20
Rothmann, S., van Zyl, L. E., & Rautenbach, C. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20020-6_11 · Cited by 19
Styles of Everyday Savoring Differentially Predict Well-being in Adolescents Over One Month
Chadwick, E. D., Jose, P. E., & Bryant, F. B. (2020) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-020-00252-6 · Cited by 23
Dual factor mental health model: Validation through mixture modeling and cut scores
Thayer, A. J., Weeks, M. R., & Cook, C. R. (2020) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22447 · Cited by 19
Cox, R. B., Brosi, M. W., Spencer, T. A., & Masri, K. (2021) · Journal of Divorce & Remarriage · doi:10.1080/10502556.2021.1871831 · Cited by 29
“One important implication of this approach is that divorcing parents and their children can be free of mental illness and at the same time be unhappy and display a high level of dysfunction in their daily life (Keyes, 2007).”
BackgroundLebares, C. C., Greenberg, A. L., Shui, A. M., Boscardin, C., & van der Schaaf, M. F. (2021) · Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development · doi:10.1177/23821205211020758 · Cited by 20
Jones, D. M., Masyn, K. E., & Spears, C. A. (2021) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000502 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- Keyes, C. L. M.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Keyes, Corey L. M.
- ORCID
- Keyes, Corey L. M.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 95-108
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2037808094
- Cited by
- 2,268
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 149 · 2025: 161 · 2024: 159 · 2023: 164 · 2022: 216 · 2021: 176 · 2020: 146 · 2019: 140 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 154 · 2016: 112 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 107 · 2012: 78
- FWCI
- 61.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- eudaimonia, mental health continuum, mental health promotion, mental illness prevention, psychosocial functioning, resilience, helplessness, cardiovascular risk, chronic physical illness, health care utilization, labor productivity, National Mental Health Policy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Mental Disorders, Educational Status, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Racial Groups
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