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Cited by 226Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentHomicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse

Pathways to Violence in the Children of Mothers Who Were Depressed Postpartum.

Open access
Hay, Dale F., Pawlby, Susan, Angold, Adrian, Harold, Gordon T., Sharp, Deborah·2003·Developmental Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.39.6.1083
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Abstract

The impact of postnatal depression on a child's risk for violent behavior was evaluated in an urban British community sample (N=122 families). Mothers were interviewed during pregnancy, at 3 months postpartum, and when the child was 1, 4, and 11 years of age. Mothers, teachers, and children reported on violent symptoms at age 11. Structural equation modeling revealed that the child's violence was predicted by the mother's postnatal depression even when her depression during pregnancy, her later history of depression, and family characteristics were taken into account. Violence was associated with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and problems with anger management. Children were most violent if mothers had been depressed at 3 months and at least once thereafter.

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Crossref · 10.1037/0012-1649.39.6.1083

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74 of 74 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Nonsystematic reviews have indicated that the risks to children of untreated depressed mothers, compared to mothers without PPD, include poor cognitive functioning, behavioral inhibition, emotional maladjustment, violent behavior, externalizing disorders, and psychiatric and medical disorders in adolescence.

    “Nonsystematic reviews have indicated that the risks to children of untreated depressed mothers (compared to mothers without PPD) include problems such as poor cognitive functioning, behavioral inhibition, emotional maladjustment, violent behavior, externalizing disorders, and psychiatric and medical disorders in adolescence.5,10–17”

    From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [15]

  • Untreated PPD seems to have negative consequences for both infants and mothers.

    “Untreated PPD seems to have negative consequences for both infants and mothers.”

    From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [15]

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Related

Authors
Hay, D. F., Pawlby, S., Angold, A., Harold, G. T., & Sharp, D.
Affiliations
Cardiff University (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Developmental Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2003
Volume
39
Issue
6
Pages
1083-1094
ISSN
  • 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-0599
DOI
10.1037/0012-1649.39.6.1083
OpenAlex
W2165989909
Cited by
226
References
79
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 14
FWCI
4.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
Keywords
postpartum depression, violence against children, violent behavior, maternal depression, antenatal depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, family factors, child development
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Male, Mothers, Risk Factors, Violence, Depression, Postpartum

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