Cited by 741Workaholism, burnout, and well-beingRecreation, Leisure, Wilderness ManagementStress and Burnout Research

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“Did you have a nice evening?” A day-level study on recovery experiences, sleep, and affect

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Sonnentag, Sabine, Binnewies, Carmen, Mojza, Eva J.·2008·Journal of Applied Psychology

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Abstract

In this study, the authors used a within-person design to examine the relation between recovery experiences (psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery experiences) during leisure time, sleep, and affect in the next morning. Daily survey data gathered over the course of 1 work week from 166 public administration employees analyzed with a hierarchical linear modeling approach showed that low psychological detachment from work during the evening predicted negative activation and fatigue, whereas mastery experiences during the evening predicted positive activation and relaxation predicted serenity. Sleep quality showed relations with all affective states variables. This study adds to research on job-stress recovery and affect regulation by showing which specific experiences from the nonwork domain may improve affect before the start of the next working day.

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[Daily recovery and well-being: an overview].
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Method
Does looking forward set you back? Development and validation of the work prospection scale
Rutten, R. L. J., Hulsheger, U. R., & Zijlstra, F. (2022) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2022.2080058 · Cited by 9
“fatigue fluctuates within and across days (e.g., Park & Sprung, 2015; Sonnentag et al., 2008).”
Background
THE IMPORTANCE OF RECOVERY FROM WORK: A REVIEW OF WHERE, HOW AND WHY
Colombo, V., & Cifré, E. (2012) · Cited by 8
Psychological detachment as moderator between psychosocial work conditions and low back pain development
Mierswa, T., & Kellmann, M. (2017) · International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health · doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00861 · Cited by 8
Measuring task conflicts as they occur: a real-time assessment of task conflicts and their immediate affective, cognitive and social consequences
Mauersberger, H., Hess, U., & Hoppe, A. (2020) · Journal of business and psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-019-09640-z · Cited by 9
Productive engagement, sleep-wake disturbances, and loneliness: SEM analysis of depressive symptoms of community-dwelling Chinese elders
Fu, Y., & Ji, X. (2021) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2020.1867824 · Cited by 8
Self-Sustaining Practices of Successful Social Change Agents: A Retreats Framework for Supporting Transformational Change
Steckler, E. L., & Waddock, S. A. (2017) · Humanistic Management Journal · doi:10.1007/s41463-017-0031-9 · Cited by 8
İnsan Kaynakları Yönetiminde Dijital Dönüşüm: İK 4.0
Parsehyan, B. G. (2020) · Turkish Studies - Information Technologies and Applied Sciences · doi:10.29228/turkishstudies.41930 · Cited by 8
Effects of strain on boundary management: findings from a daily diary study and an experimental vignette study
Mueller, N., Loeffelsend, S., Vater, E., & Kempen, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1149969 · Cited by 8
“Furthermore, we removed inter-individual differences in the daily diary study by person-mean centering the predictors and focusing on intra-individual differences (Sonnentag et al., 2008).”
Method
The daily relations between workplace anger, coping strategies, work outcomes, and workplace affiliation
Umbra, R., & Fasbender, U. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1538914 · Cited by 10
“To gauge these morning affects, we utilized a scale deployed by Sonnentag et al. (2008, see also Watson et al., 1988) that assessed negative affect, achieving a solid internal consistency with a McDonald’s omega of 0.92.”
Influential
Time matters: The role of recovery for daily mood trajectories at work
Arnold, M., & Sonnentag, S. (2023) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12445 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
An effort-recovery model for early-stage entrepreneurs’ work demands: the role of recovery experiences
Bennett, A. A., Lanivich, S. E., Lyons, L. M., & Zhou, F. (2023) · Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1080/08276331.2023.2293665 · Cited by 13
“…to buffer against the strains caused by high work demands (Sonnentag and Fritz 2015), relaxation experiences in the evening are related to next-day energy (Parker et al. 2019), and mastery experiences in the evening are related to positive affect the next day (Sonnentag, Binnewies, and Mojza 2008).”
Mind the misalignment: The moderating role of daily social sleep lag in employees' recovery processes
Völker, J., Koch, T., Wiegelmann, M., & Sonnentag, S. (2024) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2777 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Studying daily fluctuations of emotional effort among nurses of intensive care units: the establishment of latent profiles and its relationship with daily secondary traumatic stress and vitality
Moreno‐Jiménez, J. E., Romero, M., Blanco‐Donoso, L. M., Hernández-Hurtado, M., & Garrosa, E. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1340740 · Cited by 8
Political skill amplifies the beneficial effects of leader humor on actors’ work engagement via psychological capital
Wang, F., Li, W., Feng, Y., Ren, Y., Chen, Y., & Xiao, H. (2024) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114775 · Cited by 7
De relatie tussen herstel, werkdruk en slaap: een dagboekstudie
Walkowiak, A., Hulsheger, U. R., & Zijlstra, F. (2010) · Gedrag & Organisatie · doi:10.5117/2010.023.004.004 · Cited by 7
Stress und Stressmanagement im Coaching
Greif, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49483-7_69 · Cited by 7
A Qualitative Study of “online” Work Breaks
Kim, S. D., Furst‐Holloway, S., Hollensbe, E. C., Masterson, S. S., Sprinkle, T. A., & Bologna, D. A. (2019) · Organization Management Journal · doi:10.1080/15416518.2019.1663142 · Cited by 8
“a lunch break, or after hours when work is not accomplished, such as on weekends or during a vacation (e.g., Fritz & Sonnentag, 2005; Sonnentag et al., 2008; Trougakos et al., 2014; Westman & Eden, 1997).”
Background
Is the future of leadership development wearable? Exploring self-tracking in leadership programs
Ruderman, M. N., & Clerkin, C. (2020) · Industrial and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1017/iop.2020.18 · Cited by 7
Day‐to‐day associations between sleep characteristics and affect in community dwelling adults
Wong, P. M., Hasler, B. P., Kamarck, T. W., Wright, A. G. C., Hall, M. H., Carskadon, M. A., Gao, L., & Manuck, S. B. (2021) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13297 · Cited by 7
“For instance, some studies found when individuals slept less on a given night, they reported less PA (de Wild- Hartmann et al., 2013; Sonnentag et al., 2008) and/ or more NA the follow day (Brissette & Cohen, 2002; Galambos et al., 2009).”
Result
Taking a closer look at the bidirectional relationship between meaningful work and strain at work: a cross-lagged model
Erlmaier, T., Brosi, P., & Welpe, I. M. (2021) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2021.1990265 · Cited by 11
“High levels of strain constitute one of the most pressing problems in contemporary organizations (Barley et al., 2011; Sonnentag et al., 2008), as they account for a large percentage of sick days (Cooper et al., 1996) and turnover rates (Avey et al., 2009).”
Background
Recovery experiences and work engagement: The role of emotions at work
Majcen, J., Grabovac, M. T., & Černja, I. (2022) · Psihologija · doi:10.2298/psi210721017m · Cited by 9
Bidirectional Relations Between Daily Stress and Sleep Among Black Emerging Adults
Maher, J. P., Batts, M., Rebar, A. L., Mead, M. P., Zaplatosch, M. E., Hevel, D. J., Adams, W. M., & McGuirt, J. T. (2022) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaac015 · Cited by 10
A key to recovery for working mothers? Psychological detachment and the roles of relaxation, mastery and control on boundary violations
Trzebiatowski, T. M. (2023) · Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal · doi:10.1108/edi-11-2022-0305 · Cited by 10
员工的睡眠质量：组织行为学的视角 *
Mengdi, L. I. N., Ye, M., Peng, J., Kui, Y. I. N., & Zhen, W. A. N. G. (2018) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2018.01096 · Cited by 7
Commute based learning: Integrating literature across transportation, education, and i-o psychology
Danna, G. C., Randall, J. G., & Mahabir, B. (2022) · Organizational Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/20413866221132060 · Cited by 6
“Finally, individuals may take advantage of CBL to pursue learning goals and activities that (a) hold great personal interest (e.g., mastery; Sonnentag et al., 2008), or (b) are related to identity growth and career planning (Hall & Marvis, 1995) that may be outside the scope of one’s daily work…”
Background
Mentally Demanding Work and Strain: Effects of Study Duration on Fatigue, Vigor, and Distress in Undergraduate Medical Students
Blasche, G., Khanaqa, T. A. K., & Wagner‐Menghin, M. M. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11121674 · Cited by 16
“In addition, fatigue in the present study was also associated with sleep duration, a finding also being in line with literature [54,55].”
Result
The Roles of Emotion Regulation and Alexithymia in the Relationship Between Sleep and Social Functioning
Hammer, L. A., & Bonfils, K. A. (2024) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941241269472 · Cited by 6
“As trait negative affect is signi ﬁ cantly associated with sleep and social functioning (Bouwmans et al., 2017; Pilcher & Huffcutt, 1996; Sonnentag et al., 2008), controlling for it was important to increase con ﬁ dence that any signi ﬁ cant ﬁ ndings are due to true relationships, rather than this…”
The Effects of Weekly Levels of Supervisor Support and Workload on Next Week Levels of Well‐Being, Satisfaction, and Performance as Mediated by Weekend Work Recovery
Cheyroux, P., Morin, A. J. S., Colombat, P., Blechman, Y., & Gillet, N. (2024) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3520 · Cited by 8
“…for future studies to expand upon the current results to also consider how recovery experiences themselves can influence sleep quantity and quality (Sonnentag, Binnewies, and Mojza 2008), as well as help buffer the negative impact of job demands on sleep quantity and quality (Demsky et al. 2019;…”
Human Energy at Work and a Research on Identifying the Antecedents
Bayram, A. (2018) · Business and economics research journal · doi:10.20409/berj.2018.144 · Cited by 5
“The presence of these anxieties can lead to deprivation, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and high levels of exhaustion (Sonnentag et al., 2008).”
Background
Reconciling Competing Perspectives About How Undermining at Home Influences Speaking Up at Work
Romney, A. C., Heydarifard, Z., & Lam, C. F. (2023) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-023-09895-7 · Cited by 12
“We also controlled for the effect of sleep quality on employees’ feelings of anxiety in the morning, in accordance with the standard in the sleep literature that suggests that sleep quality plays a vital role in individuals’ feelings the following day (e.g., Sonnentag et al., 2008).”
Nightly Sleep Predicts Next-Morning Expectations for Stress and Positive Experiences
Wen, J., Klaiber, P., Leger, K. A., Hill, P. L., Pfund, G. N., Slavish, D. C., DeLongis, A., & Sin, N. L. (2024) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001303 · Cited by 8
“Indeed, nights with relatively better sleep quality have consistently predicted lower negative affect and higher positive affect in the morning (20,21).”
BackgroundResult

Authors: Sonnentag, S., Binnewies, C., & Mojza, E. J.
Affiliations: University of Konstanz (DE)
Corresponding author: Sonnentag, Sabine
ORCID: Sonnentag, Sabine
Binnewies, Carmen
Venue: Journal of Applied Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2008
Volume: 93
Issue: 3
Pages: 674-684
ISSN: 0021-9010 (ISSN-L)
1939-1854
DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.674
OpenAlex: W2153535564
Cited by: 741
References: 78
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 42
FWCI: 38.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
nbn-resolving.de
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
Locations: Journal of Applied Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Workaholism, burnout, and well-being
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
Keywords: psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery experiences, leisure, sleep quality, emotion regulation, fatigue, tranquility, activation, public administration employees, within-person variability
MeSH terms: Adult, Affect, Convalescence, Female, Humans, Male, Psychology, Relaxation, Sleep

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“Did you have a nice evening?” A day-level study on recovery experiences, sleep, and affect

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