Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process.

“…empirical research has now confirmed that different mental models regarding attachment exist in adults as well as children (Feeney & Noller, 1990; Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Simpson, 1990) and that these attachment models are associated with retrospective accounts of childhood relationships with…”

“Participants completed the Hazen and Shaver Adult Attachment Questionnaire (Hazen and Shaver 1987, 1990).”

“…& Horowitz, 1991), the Relationship Style Questionnaire (Griffin & Bartholomew, 1994), Hazan and Shaver’s three-category measure of attachment (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), a general measure of attachment style (Brennan & Shaver, 1995), and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (Feeney, Noller, &…”

“%) before age of 16 Life events history module of the UMCIDI (Wittchen & Kessler, 1994) Current attachment stile: secure, avoidant or anxious (range: 0–4) Severity of lifetime major depression (range: 0–9) AAQ (Hazan & Shaver, 1987) Sadness module of the UM – CIDI (Wittchen & Kessler, 1994) Lifetime paranoia (range: 0…”

“Following Ainsworth’s early work (e.g., 1970), Hazan and Shaver (1987) identified three adult romantic attachment styles (secure, anxious – ambivalent, and avoidant).”

“Attachment bonds have figured prominently in accounts of adult romantic relationships since Hazan and Shaver (1987) published their seminal article—among the most cited in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology —in which they proposed that relationship processes are shaped by adult attachment…”

“Empirical tests of the theory were initially conducted by Ainsworth and her colleagues (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978) in studies of infant‐mother attachment, and were later extended to the domain of romantic and marital relationships by Hazan and Shaver (1987) .”

“This is a commonly used procedure (e.g., Collins & Read, 1990; Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Attachment style Attachment style was measured using the statements identified and provided by Hazan and Shaver (1987), which Reis et al.”

“hazan, C., & shaver, p. r. (1987). romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process.”

“…of adult attachment because they have different developmental histories with romantic partners and peers, a speculation that is broadly consistent with attachment theory (e.g., Allen & Land, 1999; Bretherton & Munholland, 1999; Furman, Simon, Shaffer, & Bouchey, 2002; Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Parents’ caregiving behaviour is influenced by their own attachment style (“adult attachment”, [34]).”

“Attachment styles are assessed by various questionnaires modeled after Hazan and Shaver (1987), who suggested that adult romantic relationships include an attachment component and proposed a classification of romantic attachment patterns similar to the three main attachment classifications…”

“Indeed, the expansive discussion of the attachment theory underpinnings for attachment style was added retrospectively after the measures had been developed (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1999; Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Moreover, anxious persons themselves report that they tend to experience relationship feelings more quickly and intensely than others do ( Hazan & Shaver, 1987 ).”

“Their relationships are characterized by instability, dissatisfaction, distrust, interpersonal distance, and low levels of emotional involvement and self-disclosure (Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Kirkpatrick &Davis, 1994; Levy & Davis, 1988; Mikulincer & Nachson, 1991).”

“Research in a variety of literatures, such as on attachment theory (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991; Davila, Burge, & Hammen, 1997; Hazan & Shaver, 1987), interpersonal relationships (Baldwin & Holmes, 1987; Berscheid & Reis, 1988; Collins & Miller, 1994; Holmes, 2000; Murray & Holmes, 1993), and…”

“The ASQ is a self-report questionnaire, made up of 40 items, measuring five dimensions of adult attachment that, according to Hazan and Shaver (1987) and Bartholomew (1990), are key concepts of attachment.”

“The items used in this scale were derived from a previous measure [2] in which participants indicated their agreement with composite A.”

“Viewing attachment from the perspective of anxiety and avoidance (Hazan & Shaver, 1987) suggests that changing attachment styles involves the client learning to regulate attachment anxiety and/or finding other means of expressing attachment needs other than through avoidance.”

“Furthermore, the empirical work in the area of eating disorders has rarely referred to the broader literature on relationships; for example, theories of attachment style in romantic relationships [12, 13] or the pattern of sexual attitudes and sexual relationships.”

“…every social group including their own family (Jansz, 1991; Triandis, 1995), with the exception of one’s romantic partner or spouse (Feeney, 1999; Hazan & Shaver, 1987), because they have cultivated a belief that the married or romantically involved couple is sacrosanct (Shweder, Jensen, &…”

“See http://internal.psychology.illinois.edu/*rcfraley/measures/measures.html for a discussion of these alternate measures of the original Hazan and Shaver (1987) construct.”

“According to Hazan and Shaver (1987), attachment experiences should find expression in one's attachment style, that is, one's way of forming close relationships with other adults.”

“The RQ (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) is a brief self-report questionnaire adapted from the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (Hazan & Shaver, 1987) based on four brief descriptions of experiences of relationships.”

“For example, preoccupied individuals are more likely to fall in love at first sight (Hazan & Shaver, 1987) and idealize their romantic partners (Feeney & Noller, 1990, 1991), are prone to feelings of jealousy and an obsessive preoccupation with their relationships ( Hazan & Shaver, 1987 ), fear abandonment by their pa…”

“The other approach, most often used by researchers in personality and social psychology, was proposed by Bartholomew (1990 ), based on previous work by Hazan and Shaver (1987 ), and was developed further by Fraley and Shaver (2000 ) and Mikulincer et al.”

“, Griffin & Rabkin, 1998; Heijmans, 1998; Scharloo et al., 1998). In contrast, the reliance on emotion-focused and distancing strategies have been found to have a detrimental impact on mental health (e.g., Bombardier, D’Amico, & Jordan, 1990; McCaul et al., 1999). Of importance, the above pattern of associations betwe…”

“This would be consistent with the idea that attachment models are open for revision (Bretherton, 1985), and that committed intimate attachment relationships may be the most likely vehicle for experiences in which revisions of one’s original attachment models are possible (Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Generally, these instruments can be divided into either categorical or forced-choice measures (e.g., Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) or dimensional measures (e.g., Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998; Feeney, Noller, & Hanrahan, 1994; for a review, see Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007).”

“…Strange Situation Classifications to explore individual differences in adult romantic relationships (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998; Collins, 1996; Collins & Read, 1990; Fraley et al., 2000; Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Simpson, 1990) or general relationship orientations (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991).”

“Initial studies by Hazan and Shaver (1987) as well as subsequent research have confirmed that secure, anxious, and avoidant individuals experience their romantic relationships quite differently.”

“Early research examined categorical “attachment styles” (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), but subsequent work has considered attachment along continuous dimensions (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991; Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998).”

“Attachment theorists believe that secure attachment, or safe emotional interaction and dependence on a loved one, is the most basic human need (Bowlby, 1969) whether it is to one’s primary caregiver as an infant or to one’s romantic partner as an adult (Hazan & Shaver, 1987).”

“Bowlby’s (1969) classic ideas about mother–infant attachment have been the most influential evolutionarily oriented concepts in the area of close relationships (Brennan & Shaver, 1995; Fraley & Davis, 1997; Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Simpson, 1990).”

“Research into interpersonal love identifies deep affection (Sternberg 1986; Walster 1971) and separation distress (Hatfield and Sprecher 1986; Hazan and Shaver 1987; Rubin 1970) as fundamental components of the love construct.”

“The first measure of adult attachment created by Hazan and Shaver [18] contained both indirect and direct references to trust (e.g., “I often worry that my partner doesn’t really love me or won’t want to stay with me.””

“Research on adult relationships has revealed similar patterns of attachment (Collins & Read, 1990; Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Kobak & Hazan, 1991).”

“For example, an IT perspective on adult romantic attachment (Bowlby, 1973; Hazan & Shaver, 1987) suggests that an individual’s relationship satisfaction should be related to one’s own attachment anxiety, the attachment anxiety of their romantic partner, as well as the unique combination of both…”

“ECR have been criticised for presuming that participants will be able to articulate how they feel in close/romantic relationships [ 70 ].”

“…also be in line with evidence in psychology that individuals scoring high in attachment anxiety tend to distrust others in romantic relationships (Hazan and Shaver 1987; Simpson 1990) and those scoring high in attachment avoidance have a ‘mistrusting bias’ (Mende and Bolton, 2011, 288), which…”

“Items were constructed based on Hazan and Shaver’s (1987) prototypical descriptions of attachment style.”

“Recent research has demonstrated that attachment can apply to adult pair bonds as well as child– parent relationships (e.g., Hazan and Shaver, 1987).”

“Attachment styles were assessed using the Hebrew version of the AAS ( Hazan & Shaver, 1987 ).”

“…anxiety tend to be less trusting of others and hold high levels of worry and impulsiveness in their relationships (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991; Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Hazan & Shaver, 1990; Hazan & Shaver, 1994), while desiring high levels of intimacy, approval, and responsiveness (Buote, Wood,…”

“…with nurturing caregivers (Ainsworth, Blehar,Waters & Wall, 1978), it is less clear whether, or to what degree, the attachment system operates similarly in adulthood or in intimate relationships, the prototypical attachment bond in adulthood (Hazan & Shaver, 1987, 1994; Zeifman & Hazan, 2008).”