Cited by 304Education, Achievement, and GiftednessSchool Choice and PerformanceSocial and Intergroup Psychology

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In search of the powerful self-fulfilling prophecy

Madon, Stephanie, Jussim, Lee, Eccles, Jacquelynne·1997·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Abstract

This research examined moderators of naturally occurring self-fulfilling prophecies. The authors assessed whether positive or negative self-fulfilling prophecies were more powerful and whether some targets were more susceptible to self-fulfilling prophecies because of their self-concepts in a particular achievement domain and previous academic records. Participants were 98 teachers and 1,539 students in sixth-grade public school math classes. Results yielded a strong pattern showing that teacher perceptions predicted achievement more strongly for low achievers than for high achievers. Results also yielded a much weaker pattern showing that teacher overestimates predicted achievement more strongly than teacher underestimates. Implications for social perceptual accuracy, self-enhancement theory, and understanding when self-fulfilling prophecies are stronger are discussed.

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“…this research has focussed on the causes and effects of teacher perceptions and expectations regarding student achievement, leaving aside other aspects of students’ classroom behaviour (for a few exceptions, see Gentrup & Rjosk, 2018; Jussim et al., 1996; Madon et al., 1997; Westphal et al., 2016).”
Stigma and stratification limiting the math course progression of adolescents labeled with a learning disability
Shifrer, D. (2016) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2015.12.001 · Cited by 55
Trust and distrust in safety leadership: Mirror reflections?
Conchie, S. M., Taylor, P. J., & Charlton, A. (2011) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2011.04.002 · Cited by 54
“Consistent with these arguments, research has shown that ability carries important information for trust development (Madon et al., 1997), presumably because it offers an objective measure of the credentials of the leader and how much they may be relied upon (or trusted at this level).”
Background
Science Anxiety as a Function of Gender and Experience
Brownlow, S., Jacobi, T., & Rogers, M. (2000) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1023/a:1007040529319 · Cited by 53
“Even if a teacher did have positive beliefs about student’s ability, that attitude will not cause change in the student if that student has a low self-efficacy for math ( Madon et al., 1997 ).”
Background
Temperament, activity, and expectations for later personality development.
Graziano, W. G., Jensen‐Campbell, L. A., & Sullivan-Logan, G. M. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.5.1266 · Cited by 53
Paternal Incarceration and Teachers’ Expectations of Students
Wildeman, C., Scardamalia, K. M., Walsh, E. G., O’Brien, R., & Brew, B. (2017) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/2378023117726610 · Cited by 51
Flattery may get you somewhere: The strategic implications of providing positive vs. negative feedback about ability vs. ethicality in negotiation
Kim, P. H., Diekmann, K. A., & Tenbrunsel, A. E. (2003) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/s0749-5978(02)00522-8 · Cited by 50
The self-fulfilling influence of mother expectations on children's underage drinking.
Madon, S., Guyll, M., Spoth, R. L., Cross, S. E., & Hilbert, S. J. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.6.1188 · Cited by 49
“This issue cannot be tested with raw scores of mother expectations because even very high raw scores may underestimate the alcohol use of some children relative to what would have been predicted from the background variables, whereas very low raw scores may overestimate the alcohol use of other children relative to wh…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Beyond Stigma and Stereotypes: An Ethnographic Study on the Effects of School-Imposed Labeling on Black Males in an Urban Charter School
Marsh, L. T. S., & Noguera, P. A. (2017) · The Urban Review · doi:10.1007/s11256-017-0441-x · Cited by 51
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Jamil, F. M., Larsen, R., & Hamre, B. K. (2018) · Journal for Research in Mathematics Education · doi:10.5951/jresematheduc.49.1.0057 · Cited by 48
Reflected Appraisal through a 21st-Century Looking Glass
Wallace, H. M., & Tice, D. M. (2012) · Digital Commons - Trinity University (Trinity University) · Cited by 47
Academic Expectations of Australian Students from Aboriginal, Asian and Anglo Backgrounds: Perspectives of Teachers, Trainee-teachers and Students
Dandy, J., Durkin, K., Barber, B. L., & Houghton, S. J. (2015) · International Journal of Disability Development and Education · doi:10.1080/1034912x.2014.984591 · Cited by 50
“Previous research has indicated that teachers’ perceptions of their students influence their behaviour towards them, may bias their evaluations of them, and predict students’ achievement levels (Madon et al., 1997; Rubie-Davies et al., 2006; Smith et al., 1999; Weinstein et al., 2004).”
Background
Reciprocity of the relationship between role ambiguity and group cohesion in youth interdependent sport
Bosselut, G., McLaren, C. D., Eys, M., & Heuzé, J.-P. (2011) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.09.002 · Cited by 50
The demise of leadership: Positivity and negativity biases in evaluations of dead leaders
Allison, S. T., Eylon, D., Beggan, J. K., & Bachelder, J. (2009) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.01.003 · Cited by 48
Pygmalion’s 50th anniversary: the state of the art in teacher expectation research
Timmermans, A. C., Rubie-Davies, C. M., & Rjosk, C. (2018) · Educational Research and Evaluation · doi:10.1080/13803611.2018.1548785 · Cited by 52
Lehrer
Kunter, M., & Pohlmann, B. (2014) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-41291-2_11 · Cited by 47
Do teacher judgments of student intelligence predict life outcomes?
Fischbach, A., Baudson, T. G., Preckel, F., Martin, R., & Brunner, M. (2013) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2013.07.004 · Cited by 48
Expectations for Students with Cognitive Disabilities: Is the Cup Half Empty or Half Full? Can the Cup Flow Over?
McGrew, K. S., Evans, J., & Consulting, E. (2004) · Cited by 38
The Extent and Consequences of Risk in U.S. Education
Land, D., & Legters, N. E. (2002) · Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education · doi:10.1111/j.1744-7984.2002.tb00073.x · Cited by 39
A Sociocognitive View of Repeated Interfirm Exchanges: How the Coevolution of Trust and Learning Impacts Subsequent Contracts
Weber, L. (2017) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2017.1139 · Cited by 35
The role of race and teachers’ cultural awareness in predicting low-income, Black and Hispanic students’ perceptions of educational attainment
Mahatmya, D., Lohman, B. J., Brown, E. L., & Conway-Turner, J. (2016) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-016-9334-1 · Cited by 35
Building Trust with Material and Immaterial Corporate Social Responsibility: Benefits and Consequences*
Hoang, H., & Phang, S. (2022) · Contemporary Accounting Research · doi:10.1111/1911-3846.12838 · Cited by 34
Teacher evaluation of student ability: what roles do teacher gender, student gender, and their interaction play?
Krkovic, K., Greiff, S., Kupiainen, S., Vainikainen, M., & Hautamäki, J. (2014) · Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00131881.2014.898909 · Cited by 34
“Madon, Jussim, and Eccles (1997) showed that teachers’ over- and underestimations of students’ abilities are related to students’ future performance.”
Background
Introduction to “Preparation and Development of Mainstream Teachers for Today’s Linguistically Diverse Classrooms”
Villegas, A. M. (2018) · The Educational Forum · doi:10.1080/00131725.2018.1420848 · Cited by 34
Measuring teacher attitudes and expectations toward students with ADHD: Development of the Test of Knowledge About ADHD (KADD)
Hepperlen, T. M., Clay, D. L., Henly, G. A., BARKÉ, C. R., Hehperlen, T. M., & Clay, D. L. (2002) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/108705470200500301 · Cited by 35
“Thc innovative research of Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) served as a catalyst for the exploration of teacher expectations, and the potential phenomcna of self-fulfilling prophecies. Within just a decade of the publication of this seminal research, over 345 studies were published on tcachcr expectancies (Rosenthal & Ru…”
Background
The extent to which teacher attitudes and expectations predict academic achievement of final year students
Jacobs, N., & Harvey, D. (2009) · Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/03055690903162374 · Cited by 32
The “sexually abused child”: Potential mechanisms of adverse influences of such a label
Holguin, G., & Hansen, D. J. (2002) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/s1359-1789(02)00101-5 · Cited by 31
Teachers’ Expectancy and Efficacy as Correlates of School Achievement in Delta, Mississippi
Al-Fadhli, H. M., & Singh, M. S. (2006) · Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education · doi:10.1007/s11092-007-9032-9 · Cited by 31
“Several investigators ( Madon et al. 1997; J Pers Eval Educ (2006) 19:51–67 53”
Background
The Effect of Expectation on Student Achievement
Danışman, Ş. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56083-0_14 · Cited by 32

Authors: Madon, S., Jussim, L., & Eccles, J.
Affiliations: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID: Madon, Stephanie
Jussim, Lee
Eccles, Jacquelynne
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1997
Volume: 72
Issue: 4
Pages: 791-809
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.72.4.791
OpenAlex: W2101860102
Cited by: 304
References: 83
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 11.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r29hd028401-05)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1 R29 HD28401-01A1)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords: self-fulfilling prophecy, teacher expectations, teacher perceptions, achievement, low achievers, high achievers, self-concept, self-enhancement theory, sixth grade students, mathematics achievement, academic records
MeSH terms: Achievement, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation, Problem Solving, Self Concept, Set, Psychology, Social Behavior, Social Perception

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In search of the powerful self-fulfilling prophecy

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