Cited by 289Optimism, Hope, and Well-beingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesCardiac Health and Mental Health

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Effects of optimism, pessimism, and trait anxiety on ambulatory blood pressure and mood during everyday life.

Räikkönen, Katri, Matthews, Karen A., Flory, Janine D., Owens, Jane F., Gump, Brooks B.·1999·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.76.1.104

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Abstract

This study tested whether dispositional measures of optimism, pessimism, and anxiety affected ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and mood and whether any cardiovascular effects of dispositions were moderated by mood. Pessimistic and anxious adults had higher BP levels and felt more negative and less positive than did optimists or low anxious adults throughout the monitoring. The few times that optimists did feel negative were associated with levels of BP as high as those observed among pessimists or anxious individuals, regardless of their mood. To the extent that trait anxiety measures neuroticism, these findings suggest that neuroticism is directly related to health indicators rather than simply to illness behavior. Furthermore, the results suggest that pessimism has broad physiological and psychological consequences.

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Authors: Räikkönen, K., Matthews, K. A., Flory, J. D., Owens, J. F., & Gump, B. B.
Affiliations: University of Helsinki (FI)
University of Pittsburgh (US)
State University of New York at Oswego (US)
ORCID: Räikkönen, Katri
Matthews, Karen A.
Flory, Janine D.
Gump, Brooks B.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1999
Volume: 76
Issue: 1
Pages: 104-113
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.76.1.104
OpenAlex: W2150628111
Cited by: 288
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 21.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: correction (2006-07-10)
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (#HL07560, HL38712)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Keywords: optimism, pessimism, trait anxiety, ambulatory blood pressure, mood, neuroticism, cardiovascular health, everyday life
MeSH terms: Adult, Affect, Anxiety, Arousal, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Sick Role, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory

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Effects of optimism, pessimism, and trait anxiety on ambulatory blood pressure and mood during everyday life.

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