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Contingencies of Self-Worth in College Students: Theory and Measurement.
Abstract
The Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale assesses 7 sources of self-esteem in college students: academics, appearance, approval from others, competition, family support, God's love, and virtue. In confirmatory factor analyses on data from 1,418 college students, a 7-factor model fit to the data acceptably well and significantly better than several plausible alternative models. The subscales all have high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, are distinct from other personality measures, and have a simplex structure arrayed on a continuum from external to internal sources of self-esteem. Contingencies of self-worth assessed prior to college predicted how students spent their time during their 1st year of college.
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“Contingent self-worth functions as a doubleedged sword, on the one hand entailing great commitment (Crocker et al. 2003) but on the other hand also relating to greater emotional distress (Van der Kaap-Deeder et al. 2016).”
From Basic psychological need theory: Advancements, critical themes, and future directions (2020) · cites this paper as Crocker et al. 2003
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R. K., Cooper, M. L., & Bouvrette, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of Missouri (US)
- ORCID
- Crocker, Jennifer
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2003-11
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 894-908
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W1993403980
- Cited by
- 1,018
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 17.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- self-esteem, contingencies of self-worth, university students, academic performance, appearance, social approval, competition, family support, faith, virtue, scale development, factor structure, time use
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Personality Inventory, Psychological Theory, Psychometrics, Self Concept, Social Values, Students, Reproducibility of Results, Models, Statistical
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