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Cited by 233Personality Traits and PsychologyEmotions and Moral BehaviorPerfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies

Hopes Dashed and Dreams Fulfilled: Contingencies of Self-Worth and Graduate School Admissions

Crocker, Jennifer, Sommers, Samuel R., Luhtanen, Riia K.·2002·Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
DOI 10.1177/01461672022812012
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Abstract

James (1890/1950) argued that self-esteem fluctuates around a typical level in response to successes and failures in domains on which self-worth is staked. In a test of James’s hypothesis, 32 students applying to graduate school completed a measure of contingencies of self-worth, and then for 2 months reported global self-esteem twice a week and any day they heard from a graduate program. As predicted, participants who were higher in basing their self-esteem on academic competence showed greater increases in self-esteem on acceptance days and greater decreases in self-esteem on rejection days than participants low in this contingency of self-worth. Daily affect was significantly related to daily self-esteem, but this association was stronger for students who based their self-esteem on academic competence, suggesting that affect and self-esteem are more strongly related when events are relevant to one’s contingencies of self-worth. Implications for research on stability of self-esteem are considered.

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Cites

58 of 58 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Increases in positive affect and decreases in negative affect predict increases in daily state self-esteem.

    “Research suggests that increases in positive affect and decreases in negative affect predict increases in daily state self-esteem (Crocker et al., 2002).”

    From Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework (2022) · cites this paper as Crocker et al., 2002

  • Experiences of competence, including academic successes and academic self-enhancement, predict state and trait self-esteem.

    “Experiences of competence including academic successes (Crocker et al., 2002(Crocker et al., , 2003) ) and academic self-enhancement (seeing one's academic successes in an overly positive light; Dufner et al., 2015) were found to predict state and trait self-esteem.”

    From Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework (2022) · cites this paper as Crocker et al., 2002

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. Crocker, J., Journal of Social Issues
  2. Crocker, J., 2001, Contingencies of self-worth in college students: Measurement and theory
  3. Larsen, R. J., 1992, Review of personality and social psychology: Emotion, 25
  4. 10.1037/0022-3514.69.6.1161 · DOI
  5. Rosenberg, M., 1979, Conceiving the self
  6. 10.1037/0022-3514.55.4.661 · DOI
  7. Wolfe, C. T., The Ontario symposium: Goals and motivated cognition

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Related

Authors
Crocker, J., Sommers, S. R., & Luhtanen, R. K.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author
Crocker, Jennifer
ORCID
Venue
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2002-09
Volume
28
Issue
9
Pages
1275-1286
ISSN
  • 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-7433
DOI
10.1177/01461672022812012
OpenAlex
W2003104100
Cited by
233
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
FWCI
13.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
Keywords
self-esteem, contingencies of self-worth, postgraduate admission, academic competence, self-esteem stability, daily affect, acceptance and rejection

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