Cited by 1,428Team Dynamics and PerformanceInnovative Teaching and Learning MethodsSocial and Intergroup Psychology

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The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processors.

Hinsz, Verlin B., Tindale, R. Scott, Vollrath, David A.·1997·Psychological Bulletin

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Abstract

A selective review of research highlights the emerging view of groups as information processors. In this review, the authors include research on processing objectives, attention, encoding, storage, retrieval, processing, response, feedback, and learning in small interacting task groups. The groups as information processors perspective underscores several characteristic dimensions of variability in group performance of cognitive tasks, namely, commonality-uniqueness of information, convergence-diversity of ideas, accentuation-attenuation of cognitive processes, and belongingness-distinctiveness of members. A combination of contributions framework provides an additional conceptualization of information processing in groups. The authors also address implications, caveats, and questions for future research and theory regarding groups as information processors.

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Reimer, T. O., Kuendig, S., Hoffrage, U., Park, E., & Hinsz, V. B. (2007) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637750701209947 · Cited by 38
“In group decision-making literature, a number of studies demonstrated preferencecongruent information processing in groups (Hinsz et al., 1997; Larson & Christensen, 1993).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
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Quantity estimations by groups and individuals: Effects of known domain boundaries.
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Executive wisdom: Coaching and the emergence of virtuous leaders.
Kilburg, R. R. (2006) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/11464-000 · Cited by 38
Using technological functions on a multi-touch table and their affordances to counteract biases and foster collaborative problem solving
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“Hence, groups actually hold the potential to outperform individuals due to the inter-individual exchange and integration of diverse information, different viewpoints, and divergent expertise (Greitemeyer et al. 2003; Hinsz et al. 1997).”
Background
Yes, no, maybe so: a veritistic approach to echo chambers using a trichotomous belief model
Baumgaertner, B. O. (2014) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-014-0439-9 · Cited by 41
Emotional intelligence, psychological safety, and team decision making
Zhou, W., Zhu, Z., & Vredenburgh, D. J. (2020) · Team Performance Management · doi:10.1108/tpm-10-2019-0105 · Cited by 48
Organizational Cross-Cultural Competence
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“Organizations can exert normative pressure to approach and utilize knowledge in certain ways (Hinz et al., 1997; Quigley, Tesluk, Locke, & Bartol, 2007).”
Background
Heeding supply chain disruption warnings: When and how do cross‐functional teams ensure firm robustness?
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Decision Strategy and Structure in Households: A “Groups” Perspective
Adamowicz, W., Hanemann, M., Swait́, J., Johnson, R., Layton, D. F., Regenwetter, M., Reimer, T. O., & Sorkin, R. D. (2005) · Marketing Letters · doi:10.1007/s11002-005-5900-6 · Cited by 37
“Second, empirical studies suggest that groups adapt the strategy they use to the task at hand: when faced with a preference task, groups often apply a majority or plurality rule; in contrast, when faced with an inference task, groups often apply a “truth-wins” principle if the members who are correct are able to demon…”
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Teams as a sub‐process for knowledge management
Turner, J. R., Zimmerman, T. D., & Allen, J. (2012) · Journal of Knowledge Management · doi:10.1108/13673271211276227 · Cited by 45
Team confidence, motivated information processing, and dynamic group decision making
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“The concept of collective cognitive representation (Curşeu 2003, 2006; Hinsz et al. 1997) is essential in explaining the framing effect and the negativity bias at the group level.”
Background
The Insensitive Ruins It All: Compositional and Compilational Influences of Social Sensitivity on Collective Intelligence in Groups
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“…group composition, social sensitivity, group synergy, collective intelligence INTRODUCTION Small social groups are information-processing units (Hinsz et al., 1997; Hinsz, 2015), extensively used in organizations to solve problems, make important decisions and generate innovations (Devine et…”
Background
A study of coach‐team perceptual distance concerning the coach‐created motivational climate in youth sport
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“Groups tend to accentuate the behaviors of their members, and if members are likely to process information in a specific way, a group formed by those members is therefore even more likely to process information in that way (Hinsz et al., 1997).”
Background
Quality, Conformity, and Conflict: Questioning the Assumptions of Osborn’s Brainstorming Technique
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“In addition, the brainwriting procedure might have reduced cognitive interference in idea retrieval processes that might result when others verbally announce their ideas, as suggested by Hinsz, Tindale, and Vollrath (1997).”
Influential
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Pfister, H. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-24319-4_3 · Cited by 36
“Hence, though the method of cooperative learning concerns the interaction among several persons, the main target is on the individual's cognitive structure and performance; for approaches which deal with the group as a unit see Wegner (1987) or Hinsz, Tindale, and Vollrath (1997) .”
Method
Leader and Team Adaptation: The Influence and Development of Key Attributes and Processes
Zaccaro, S. J., Banks, D., Kiechel-Koles, L., Kemp, C. F., & Bader, P. K. (2009) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · doi:10.21236/ada507989 · Cited by 36
“Also, studies examining the effects of team-level versus individual-level feedback have shown mixed results (Gully, 1997; Hinsz et al., 1997).”
BackgroundResult
Examining learning transformation in project-based learning process
Pan, G., Seow, P. S., & Koh, G. (2019) · Journal of International Education in Business · doi:10.1108/jieb-06-2018-0022 · Cited by 35

Authors: Hinsz, V. B., Tindale, R. S., & Vollrath, D. A.
Affiliations: North Dakota State University (US)
ORCID: Hinsz, Verlin B.
Tindale, R. Scott
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1997
Volume: 121
Issue: 1
Pages: 43-64
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.121.1.43
OpenAlex: W2029057170
Cited by: 1,428
References: 219
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 78 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 109
FWCI: 37.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords: group cognition, small group interaction, attention, encoding and retrieval, group learning, feedback
MeSH terms: Attention, Cognition, Group Processes, Humans, Mental Processes, Problem Solving, Mental Recall, Social Identification

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The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processors.

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