The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The intelligence of the moral intuitions: A comment on Haidt (2001).
Abstract
The social intuitionist model (J. Haidt, 2001) posits that fast and automatic intuitions are the primary source of moral judgments. Conscious deliberations play little causal role; they are used mostly to construct post hoc justifications for judgments that have already occurred. In this article, the authors present evidence that fast and automatic moral intuitions are actually shaped and informed by prior reasoning. More generally, there is considerable evidence from outside the laboratory that people actively engage in reasoning when faced with real-world moral dilemmas. Together, these facts limit the strong claims of the social intuitionist model concerning the irrelevance of conscious deliberation.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The fact that cultural shifts and individual differences in moralization occur suggests that morality is not always intrinsic to stimuli, but may be the result of construing those actions as morally-relevant [22].”
From The Importance of Moral Construal: Moral versus Non-Moral Construal Elicits Faster, More Extreme, Universal Evaluations of the Same Actions (2012) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“moral cognition is thought to involve the representation of intentions and outcomes as well as (vicariously experienced) emotional states”
From Parsing the neural correlates of moral cognition: ALE meta-analysis on morality, theory of mind, and empathy (2012) · cites this paper as Pizarro and Bloom 2003
In the citing paper
“more automatic, bottom-up driven mapping and awareness of others emotional states in the context of self–other distinction (i.e., empathy) might be modulated by more controlled, top-down processes involved in attributing mind states (i.e., ToM)”
From Parsing the neural correlates of moral cognition: ALE meta-analysis on morality, theory of mind, and empathy (2012) · cites this paper as Pizarro and Bloom 2003
Citations
Cites
James, W. (1891) · Personality Culture Society · doi:10.1037/11059-000 · Cited by 25,876
Lazarus, R. S. (1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195069945.001.0001 · Cited by 12,691
The expression of the emotions in man and animals.
Darwin, C. D. (1872) · J. Murray eBooks · doi:10.1037/10001-000 · Cited by 12,120
The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism
Trivers, R. L. (1971) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/406755 · Cited by 11,010
In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development
GILLIGAN, C. (1993) · doi:10.4159/9780674037618 · Cited by 9,127
The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment.
Haidt, J. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.4.814 · Cited by 8,048
DeLamater, J., & Ward, A. (2013) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0 · Cited by 7,590
Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes
Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.1.4 · Cited by 6,682
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4964-1 · Cited by 5,219
Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change
Marquart, F., & Naderer, B. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-09923-7_20 · Cited by 5,011
Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.45.3.513 · Cited by 4,952
Wyer, R. S., & Srull, T. K. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315807102 · Cited by 4,211
PINKER, S. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08538.x · Cited by 3,738
Mood and judgment: The affect infusion model (AIM).
Forgas, J. P. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.1.39 · Cited by 3,470
Hoffman, M. L. (2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511805851 · Cited by 2,967
Menaghan, E. G. (2004) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.1177/009430610403300625 · Cited by 2,812
Empathy and Moral Development: Implications for Caring and Justice
Raboteg-Šarić, Z., & Hoffman, M. L. (2001) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/3089337 · Cited by 2,413
Bargh, J. A. (1994) · Cited by 1,587
Altruism and Prosocial Behavior
Batson, C. D., & Powell, A. A. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471264385.wei0519 · Cited by 1,369
Dasgupta, N., & Greenwald, A. G. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.81.5.800 · Cited by 1,102
Attention in delay of gratification.
Mischel, W., & Ebbesen, E. Β. (1970) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0029815 · Cited by 1,063
Dasgupta, N., & Greenwald, A. G. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.5.800 · Cited by 809
Imagining stereotypes away: The moderation of implicit stereotypes through mental imagery.
Blair, I. V., Ma, J. E., & Lenton, A. P. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.81.5.828 · Cited by 734
The Expression Of The Emotions In Man And Animals
Darwin, C. D. (1998) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195112719.001.0001 · Cited by 733
Elster, J. (2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511625008 · Cited by 671
Taboo Trade‐offs: Reactions to Transactions That Transgress the Spheres of Justice
Fiske, A. P., & Tetlock, P. E. (1997) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/0162-895x.00058 · Cited by 657
Schelling, T. C. (2015) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400848393-048 · Cited by 647
Kawakami, K., Dovidio, J. F., Moll, J., Hermsen, S., & Russin, A. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.5.871 · Cited by 553
Kawakami, K., Dovidio, J. F., Moll, J., Hermsen, S., & Russin, A. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.78.5.871 · Cited by 553
"Unlearning" automatic biases: The malleability of implicit prejudice and stereotypes.
Rudman, L. A., Ashmore, R. D., & Gary, M. L. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.5.856 · Cited by 544
The Expanding Circle: Ethics and Sociobiology
Trigg, R. (1982) · Philosophical Books · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0149.1982.tb00180.x · Cited by 542
Imagining stereotypes away: The moderation of implicit stereotypes through mental imagery.
Blair, I. V., Ma, J. E., & Lenton, A. P. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.5.828 · Cited by 541
Five studies testing two new egoistic alternatives to the empathy-altruism hypothesis.
Batson, C. D., Dyck, J. L., Brandt, J. R., Batson, J. G., Powell, A., McMaster, M. R., & Griffitt, C. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.55.1.52 · Cited by 531
Preconscious control of stereotype activation through chronic egalitarian goals.
Moskowitz, G. B., Gollwitzer, P. M., Wasel, W., & Schaal, B. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.1.167 · Cited by 500
The Expanding Circle: Ethics and Sociobiology
Singer, P. (1981) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 450
Five studies testing two new egoistic alternatives to the empathy-altruism hypothesis.
Batson, C. D., Dyck, J. L., Brandt, J., et al. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.55.1.52 · Cited by 368
Kantor, J. R. (1924) · Alfred A. Knopf eBooks · doi:10.1037/10752-000 · Cited by 337
Faster: The Acceleration of Just About Everything
Gemelas, T. (2000) · Naval War College review · Cited by 334
Faster: The Acceleration of Just About Everything
Gleick, J. (1999) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 301
The moral animal: the new science of evolutionary psychology
(1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-3968 · Cited by 265
Nothing More than Feelings? The Role of Emotions in Moral Judgment
Pizarro, D. A. (2000) · Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · doi:10.1111/1468-5914.00135 · Cited by 237
Self-citationShaw, L. L., Batson, C. D., & Todd, R. M. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.5.879 · Cited by 237
An Attribution-Empathy Model of Helping Behavior
Betancourt, H. M. (1990) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167290163015 · Cited by 220
(2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511571381 · Cited by 167
Coles, R. (1986) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 141
The use of cognitive appraisal to reduce stress reactions: A replication.
Dandoy, A. C., & Goldstein, A. G. (1990) · Journal of social behavior and personality · Cited by 50
Religion, Culture, and Beliefs About Reality in Moral Reasoning
Turiel, E., & Neff, K. D. (2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511571381.011 · Cited by 18
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Gilligan, 1982, In a different voice.
- Schelling, 1984, Choice and consequence.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The New Synthesis in Moral Psychology
Haidt, J. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1137651 · Cited by 2,504
Exploring Intuition and its Role in Managerial Decision Making
Dane, E., & Pratt, M. G. (2007) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2007.23463682 · Cited by 1,620
The Role of Conscious Reasoning and Intuition in Moral Judgment
Cushman, F. A., Young, L., & HAUSER, M. D. (2006) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01834.x · Cited by 1,061
Crime and punishment: Distinguishing the roles of causal and intentional analyses in moral judgment
Cushman, F. (2008) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2008.03.006 · Cited by 990
Deontological and utilitarian inclinations in moral decision making: A process dissociation approach
Conway, P., & Gawronski, B. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031021 · Cited by 696
Metadata
- Authors
- Pizarro, D. A., & Bloom, P.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Review
- Published
- 2003
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 193-196
- ISSN
- 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1471
- OpenAlex
- W2134783586
- Semantic Scholar
- f8423057b706dfcb37f5a0271d4d69609b1ce457
- Cited by
- 345
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Ethics in Business and Education
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Ethics and Theory
- Keywords
- social intuitionist model, moral intuitions, moral judgment, moral psychology
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Decision Making, Humans, Intelligence, Morals, Intuition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
