Just say no (to stereotyping): Effects of training in the negation of stereotypic associations on stereotype activation.
Abstract
The primary aim of the present research was to examine the effect of training in negating stereotype associations on stereotype activation. Across 3 studies, participants received practice in negating stereotypes related to skinhead and racial categories. The subsequent automatic activation of stereotypes was measured using either a primed Stroop task (Studies I and 2) or a person categorization task (Study 3). The results demonstrate that when receiving no training or training in a nontarget category stereotype, participants exhibited spontaneous stereotype activation. After receiving an extensive amount of training related to a specific category, however, participants demonstrated reduced stereotype activation. The results from the training task provide further evidence for the impact of practice on participants' proficiency in negating stereotypes.
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Unconscious biases are habits of mind, learned over time through repeated personal experiences and cultural socialization, and are highly resistant to change.
“as unconscious biases are “habits of mind”,31,45 learned over time through repeated personal experiences and cultural socialization, they are highly resistant to change.46”
From Reducing Racial Bias Among Health Care Providers: Lessons from Social-Cognitive Psychology (2007) · cites this paper as [46]
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- Authors
- Kawakami, K., Dovidio, J. F., Moll, J., Hermsen, S., & Russin, A.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2000
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 871-888
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2118495647
- Cited by
- 553
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 50.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh048721-08)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 48721)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- stereotype activation, racial stereotypes, Stroop task, practice effects
- MeSH terms
- Attitude, Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Random Allocation, Social Perception, Stereotyping
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