Cited by 5,019Cultural Differences and ValuesSocial and Intergroup PsychologySocial Representations and Identity

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The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts.

Triandis, Harry C.·1989·Psychological Review

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Abstract

Three aspects of the self(private, public, collective) with different probabilities in different kinds of social environments were sampled. Three dimensions of cultural variation (individualism--collectivism, tightness-looseness, cultural complexity) are discussed in relation to the sampling of these three aspects of the self. The more complex the culture, the more frequent the sampling of the public and private self and the less frequent the sampling of the collective self. The more individualistic the culture, the more frequent the sampling of the private self and the less frequent the sampling of the collective self. Collectivism, external threat, competition with outgroups, and common fate increase the sampling of the collective self. Cultural homogeneity results in tightness and in the sampling of the collective self. The article outlines theoretical links among aspects of the environment, childrearing patterns, and cultural patterns, which are linked to differential sampling of aspects of the self. Such sampling has implications for social behavior. Empirical investigations of some of these links are reviewed.

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Authors: Triandis, H. C.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
Corresponding author: Triandis, Harry C.
Venue: Psychological Review
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1989-07
Volume: 96
Issue: 3
Pages: 506-520
ISSN: 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
1939-1471
DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.96.3.506
OpenAlex: W2088861238
Cited by: 5,019
References: 128
Citations by year: 2026: 75 · 2025: 149 · 2024: 130 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 183 · 2020: 361 · 2019: 230 · 2018: 189 · 2017: 210 · 2016: 187 · 2015: 187 · 2014: 199 · 2013: 233 · 2012: 220
FWCI: 29.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Representations and Identity
Keywords: self-concept, private self, public self, collective self, cultural variation, individualism-collectivism, cultural tightness-looseness, cultural complexity, external threats, intergroup competition, common fate, cultural homogeneity, social behavior

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The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts.

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