Cited by 1,104Color perception and designAesthetic Perception and AnalysisColor Science and Applications

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Effects of color on emotions.

Valdez, Patricia, Mehrabian, Albert·1994·Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

DOI 10.1037/0096-3445.123.4.394

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“However, lighting and color can impact emotions (Valdez & Mehrabian, 1994).”
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“The proportions of colors are important elements for evoking emotions [27].”
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“Color information such as hue, brightness, and saturation has the potential to affect users’ perceptions, physiological reactions, emotional reactions or behavioral intentions [41].”
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Gáspár, P. (2017) · ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys) · doi:10.1145/3109859.3120955 · Cited by 4
“Valdez et al. investigated [29] the impact of color characteristics on user emotions using the Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance model.”
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“, features of the pleasure-arousal-dominance (PAD) model [19]), and confirmed that the above features extracted from people’s favorite photos had significant correlation with their Big Five personality traits.”
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Jafar, S., & Shaikh, T. (2019) · International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy (ICCIKE) · doi:10.1109/iccike47802.2019.9004259 · Cited by 4
“[4] P. Valdez and A. Mehrabian, “Effects of color on emotions.,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, vol. 123, no. 4, pp. 394–409, 1994.”
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“Meanwhile, the level of brightness (brightness) has a perceptual association with how much a person's level of pleasure and comfort (Valdez & Mehrabian, 1994).”
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“For example, Valdez and Mehrabian reported that color brightness and saturation strongly affect emotions (Valdez &Mehrabian,1994).”
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“Yet, there are a few studies that have attempted to explain the direct/indirect relations between people’s emotions and their visual preferences (eg, color, layout, and shape) (Suk & Irtel, 2010; Valdez & Mehrabian, 1994).”
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“Similarly, considering that red is often associated with arousing emotions (Valdez and Mehrabian, 1994; Wilms and Oberfeld, 2018), a red bonnet might have encouraged participants to choose more intense or more arousing and powerful emotions.”
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“Valdez and Mehrabian [22] conducted a series of empirical experiments linking the saturation and brightness of colors to an emotional impact on the participants.”
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“We chose to compare red color with blue because blue is a neutral color and is not culturally associated with dominance (Valdez & Mehrabian, 1994), thus serving as a good comparison.”
Method
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“This system analyzes the color-emotions hidden within video content by referencing color-emotion definitions developed in the course of color psychology research [3, 4 ]. Each color-emotion, which corresponds to a specific emotional perception of humans, consists of 120 454 S. Kurabayashi and Y. Kiyoki”
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“…About Healthy Eating Attenuates the “Red Effect” Alyssa Gilston1 & Gregory J. Privitera1 1 School of Advanced Studies, University of Phoenix, Tempe, AZ, USA Correspondence: Alyssa Gilston, School of Advanced Studies, University of Phoenix, 1625 W. Fountainhead Pkwy, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA.”
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“Similarly, Valdez and Mehrabian ( 1994 ) found that bright colors were pleasing and relaxing, while saturated colors were pleasing and arousing.”
Background
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AC3 – Automatic Cartography of Cultural Contents
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“space [12].”
Hue extraction and tone match
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“*e-mail: h.j.suk@kaist.ac.kr According to the results of previous studies (Ou et al. 2004, Valdez and Mehrabian 1994), we matched the pleasure and arousal dimension with the brightness and saturation of the color respectively.”
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Color me blue...or red or green? Lessons from the literature on color and usability
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“For example the colour green evokes positive emotions because it reminds people about nature [27][28].”
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Susceptibility of Consumers to Normative and Informational Influences in Selecting Colors for Apparel
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“11 Experiment 2C: Ratings of agreement for expression of emotion with constant intensity 0.5 and pupil size of 12mm, but varying posture bian [48] and Kaya and Epps [30], the ratings of turquoise appear not to make a perfect ﬁt.”
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“Furthermore, Valdez and Mehrabian (1994) investigated emotional responses to hue, saturation, and value, and reported that saturation and value, in particular, have a strong effect on emotions.”
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“Basic features such as hue, brightness, and saturation significantly influence how people perceive emotions [44, 60].”
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“아이템 내의 저수준 피쳐는 이미지의 경우 color histogram [5], motion intensity [6], complexity [7][8] 등이 시 청자 감성에 영향을 주는 요인으로 보고되고 있고[9-12], 오디오의 경우에는 MFCCs (Mel Cepstrum Coefficients) [13]나 pitch [12]등의 영향이 보고되고 있다[14-16].”
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“(study II) Colors are not only important because they can aid or hinder understanding, but also because they can evoke emotions (Valdez and Mehrabian 1994, Kaya and Epps 2004).”
Background
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“…known that emotional reaction to a picture can be affected by manipulating color (Detenber et al., 2000; Gao & Xin, 2006; Pol-zella et al., 2005; Valdez & Mehrabian, 1994), size (Codispoti & de Cesarei, 2007; Detenber & Reeves, 1996; Lombard et al., 2000), shape (Aronoff et al., 1992; Larson et…”
Background
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“These attributes have been demonstrated to be tightly related to emotion expression in video creation [3, 39].”
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Background
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Background

Authors: Valdez, P., & Mehrabian, A.
Venue: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1994
Volume: 123
Issue: 4
Pages: 394-409
ISSN: 0096-3445 (ISSN-L)
1939-2222
DOI: 10.1037/0096-3445.123.4.394
OpenAlex: W4319308497
Cited by: 1,104
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 94 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 33
FWCI: 4.59
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Experimental Psychology General (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Color perception and design
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Color Science and Applications
Keywords: color, emotions, color psychology

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