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Efferent pathway of the amygdala involved in conditioned fear as measured with the fear-potentiated startle paradigm.
Abstract
Fear-potentiated startle in the rat is a measure of conditioned fear that is blocked by lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala. In a companion study, Rosen, Hitchcock, Sananes, Miserendino, and Davis (1991) demonstrated a direct anatomical projection from the central nucleus to the brainstem startle reflex circuit. In the present study, fear-potentiated startle was blocked by lesions that interrupted this pathway at 3 different levels or by a crossed lesion that interrupted the pathway at its source on one side and at a more caudal level on the other side. Although synaptic relays have not been ruled out entirely, the data suggest that the direct projection from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the startle circuit mediates the expression of fear-potentiated startle. These findings are consistent with the literature indicating that efferent projections from the central nucleus to various brainstem structures are involved in the expression of several conditioned fear responses.
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“Functionally, CEA has been implicated in learning and expression of fear responses,105, 106, 107 as well as the expression of stress-induced anxiety behaviors.108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113”
From Preferential loss of dorsal-hippocampus synapses underlies memory impairments provoked by short, multimodal stress (2014) · cites this paper as [105]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hitchcock, J. M., & Davis, M.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 1991
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 826-842
- ISSN
- 0735-7044 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0084
- OpenAlex
- W1984415186
- Cited by
- 345
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh041298-03)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-41298, MH 25642, MH 47840, P01MH025642)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- central amygdala, fear-potentiated startle, fear conditioning, efferent projections, fear expression
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Association Learning, Brain Mapping, Brain Stem, Conditioning, Classical, Efferent Pathways, Fear, Male, Medulla Oblongata, Motivation, Synaptic Transmission, Neuronal Plasticity, Rats, Inbred Strains, Reflex, Startle, Substantia Innominata, Substantia Nigra, Tegmentum Mesencephali, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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