Cited by 549Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesTreatment of Major DepressionNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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The bright side of being blue: Depression as an adaptation for analyzing complex problems.

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Andrews, Paul W., Thomson, J. Anderson·2009·Psychological Review

DOI 10.1037/a0016242PMC PMC2734449

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Abstract

Depression is the primary emotional condition for which help is sought. Depressed people often report persistent rumination, which involves analysis, and complex social problems in their lives. Analysis is often a useful approach for solving complex problems, but it requires slow, sustained processing, so disruption would interfere with problem solving. The analytical rumination hypothesis proposes that depression is an evolved response to complex problems, whose function is to minimize disruption and sustain analysis of those problems by (a) giving the triggering problem prioritized access to processing resources, (b) reducing the desire to engage in distracting activities (anhedonia), and (c) producing psychomotor changes that reduce exposure to distracting stimuli. As processing resources are limited, sustained analysis of the triggering problem reduces the ability to concentrate on other things. The hypothesis is supported by evidence from many levels-genes, neurotransmitters and their receptors, neurophysiology, neuroanatomy, neuroenergetics, pharmacology, cognition, behavior, and efficacy of treatments. In addition, the hypothesis provides explanations for puzzling findings in the depression literature, challenges the belief that serotonin transmission is low in depression, and has implications for treatment.

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Authors: Andrews, P. W., & Thomson, J. A.
Affiliations: Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
University of Virginia (US)
ORCID: Andrews, Paul W.
Venue: Psychological Review
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2009-07
Volume: 116
Issue: 3
Pages: 620-654
ISSN: 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
1939-1471
DOI: 10.1037/a0016242
PMC: PMC2734449
OpenAlex: W1966233504
Cited by: 549
References: 371
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 32
FWCI: 33.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (MH-20030, DA-018673)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: depression, rumination, complex problem solving, anhedonia, psychomotor changes, processing resources, serotonin transmission, neurobiology of depression, depression treatment
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Affect, Antidepressive Agents, Arousal, Attention, Awareness, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Biological Evolution, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Models, Psychological, Synaptic Transmission, Problem Solving, Psychomotor Performance, Psychotherapy, Serotonin, Stress, Psychological, Thinking, Prefrontal Cortex

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The bright side of being blue: Depression as an adaptation for analyzing complex problems.

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