Culture and the distinctiveness motive: Constructing identity in individualistic and collectivistic contexts.
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The motive to attain a distinctive identity is sometimes thought to be stronger in, or even specific to, those socialized into individualistic cultures. Using data from 4,751 participants in 21 cultural groups (18 nations and 3 regions), we tested this prediction against our alternative view that culture would moderate the ways in which people achieve feelings of distinctiveness, rather than influence the strength of their motivation to do so. We measured the distinctiveness motive using an indirect technique to avoid cultural response biases. Analyses showed that the distinctiveness motive was not weaker-and, if anything, was stronger-in more collectivistic nations. However, individualism-collectivism was found to moderate the ways in which feelings of distinctiveness were constructed: Distinctiveness was associated more closely with difference and separateness in more individualistic cultures and was associated more closely with social position in more collectivistic cultures. Multilevel analysis confirmed that it is the prevailing beliefs and values in an individual's context, rather than the individual's own beliefs and values, that account for these differences.
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General self-concept is conceptualized differently across cultures.
“general self-concept is conceptualized differently across cultures (Becker et al., 2012;Taras et al., 2010;Vignoles et al., 2016).”
From Motivation-Achievement Cycles in Learning: a Literature Review and Research Agenda (2022) · cites this paper as Becker et al., 2012
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Beyond the ‘east–west’ dichotomy: Global variation in cultural models of selfhood.
Vignoles, V. L., Owe, E., Becker, M., Smith, P. B., Easterbrook, M. J., Brown, R., González, R., Didier, N., Carrasco, D., Cadena, M. P., et al. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0000175 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Self-citationPancultural nostalgia: Prototypical conceptions across cultures.
Hepper, E. G., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., Ritchie, T. D., Yung, Y.-F., Hansen, N., Abakoumkin, G., Arikan, G., Cisek, S. Z., Demassosso, D. B., et al. (2014) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0036790 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationMotivation-Achievement Cycles in Learning: a Literature Review and Research Agenda
Vu, T., Magis-Weinberg, L., Jansen, B. R. J., van Atteveldt, N., Janssen, T. W. P., Lee, N. C., van der Maas, H. L. J., Raijmakers, M. E. J., Sachisthal, M. S. M., & Meeter, M. (2022) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-021-09616-7 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Cultural Bases for Self-Evaluation: Seeing Oneself Positively in Different Cultural Contexts
Becker, M., Vignoles, V. L., Owe, E., Easterbrook, M. J., Brown, R., Smith, P. B., Bond, M. H., Regalia, C., Manzi, C., Brambilla, M., et al. (2014) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167214522836 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationApproach or Avoidance? The Dual Role of Face in Fashion Consumption
Wang, W., Zhang, X.-A., Li, J., & Sun, G. (2020) · Journal of Global Marketing · doi:10.1080/08911762.2019.1654055 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Becker, M., Vignoles, V. L., Owe, E., Brown, R., Smith, P. B., Easterbrook, M., Herman, G., de Sauvage, I., Bourguignon, D., Torres, A., Camino, L., Lemos, F. C. S., Ferreira, M. C., Koller, S. H., González, R., Carrasco, D., Cadena, M. P., Lay, S., Wang, Q., Bond, M. H., Trujillo, E. V., Balanta, P., Valk, A., Mekonnen, K. H., Nizharadze, G., Fülöp, M., Regalia, C., Manzi, C., Brambilla, M., Harb, C., Aldhafri, S., Martin, M., Macapagal, M. E. J., Chybicka, A., Gavreliuc, A., Buitendach, J., Gallo, I. S., Özgen, E., Güner, Ü. E., & Yamakoğlu, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- UCLouvain (BE)
- InterPsy (FR)
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (BR)
- Universidade Federal do Pará (BR)
- Universidade Salgado de Oliveira (BR)
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CL)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- Universidad de Los Andes (CO)
- Estonian Literary Museum (EE)
- Addis Ababa University (ET)
- Free University of Tbilisi (GE)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- American University of Beirut (LB)
- Sultan Qaboos University (OM)
- University of Namibia (NA)
- Ateneo de Manila University (PH)
- University of Gdańsk (PL)
- West University of Timişoara (RO)
- University of KwaZulu-Natal (ZA)
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Bilkent University (TR)
- ORCID
- Becker, Maja
- Vignoles, Vivian L.
- Brown, Rupert
- Smith, Peter B.
- Herman, Ginette
- Bourguignon, David
- Lemos, Flávia Cristina Silveira
- Ferreira, M. Cristina
- Koller, Silvia H.
- Carrasco, Diego
- Lay, Siugmin
- Wang, Qian
- Bond, Michael Harris
- Trujillo, Elvia Vargas
- Regalia, Camillo
- Manzi, Claudia
- Harb, Charles
- Aldhafri, Said
- Macapagal, Ma. Elizabeth J.
- Chybicka, Aneta
- Gavreliuc, Alin
- Buitendach, Johanna
- Gallo, Inge Schweiger
- Özgen, Emre
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 833-855
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2003433670
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 22.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bilkent University Institutional Repository (Bilkent University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (Grant RES-062-23-1300)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- individualism-collectivism, cultural values, identity construction, social status, separateness, cultural differences in motivation, cross-cultural comparison
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Africa, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Culture, Europe, Female, Humans, Individuality, Male, Middle East, Motivation, Self Concept, Social Identification, Social Values, South America
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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