Reading impairments in schizophrenia relate to individual differences in phonological processing and oculomotor control: Evidence from a gaze-contingent moving window paradigm.
Abstract
Language and oculomotor disturbances are 2 of the best replicated findings in schizophrenia. However, few studies have examined skilled reading in schizophrenia (e.g., Arnott, Sali, Copland, 2011; Hayes & O'Grady, 2003; Revheim et al., 2006; E. O. Roberts et al., 2012), and none have examined the contribution of cognitive and motor processes that underlie reading performance. Thus, to evaluate the relationship of linguistic processes and oculomotor control to skilled reading in schizophrenia, 20 individuals with schizophrenia and 16 demographically matched controls were tested using a moving window paradigm (McConkie & Rayner, 1975). Linguistic skills supporting reading (phonological awareness) were assessed with the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (R. K. Wagner, Torgesen, & Rashotte, 1999). Eye movements were assessed during reading tasks and during nonlinguistic tasks tapping basic oculomotor control (prosaccades, smooth pursuit) and executive functions (predictive saccades, antisaccades). Compared with controls, schizophrenia patients exhibited robust oculomotor markers of reading difficulty (e.g., reduced forward saccade amplitude) and were less affected by reductions in window size, indicative of reduced perceptual span. Reduced perceptual span in schizophrenia was associated with deficits in phonological processing and reduced saccade amplitudes. Executive functioning (antisaccade errors) was not related to perceptual span but was related to reading comprehension. These findings suggest that deficits in language, oculomotor control, and cognitive control contribute to skilled reading deficits in schizophrenia. Given that both language and oculomotor dysfunction precede illness onset, reading may provide a sensitive window onto cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia vulnerability and be an important target for cognitive remediation.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
These passage reading deficits correlate with both behavioral and fMRI-based assessment of visual magnocellular function.
“that correlate with both behavioral (106, 107) and fMRI-based (108) assessment of visual magnocellular function.”
From Sensory Processing Dysfunction in the Personal Experience and Neuronal Machinery of Schizophrenia (2015) · cites this paper as [107]
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.
Overall, J. E., & Gorham, D. R. (1962) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1962.10.3.799 · Cited by 11,090 · see citing works
Mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items
Baayen, R. H., Davidson, D. J., & Bates, D. M. (2008) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2007.12.005 · Cited by 8,540 · see citing works
Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research
Rayner, K. (1998) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.372 · Cited by 7,979 · see citing works
(1967) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,532 · see citing works
Four Factor Index of Social Status
Paschou, R. (1975) · Cited by 6,989 · see citing works
Individual differences in working memory and reading
Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(80)90312-6 · Cited by 6,336 · see citing works
The Endophenotype Concept in Psychiatry: Etymology and Strategic Intentions
Gottesman, I. I., & Gould, T. D. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.636 · Cited by 5,615 · see citing works
Four Factor Index of Social Status [1975]
Hollingshead, A. B. (1975) · Cited by 5,151 · see citing works
The role of knowledge in discourse comprehension: A construction-integration model.
Kintsch, W. (1988) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.95.2.163 · Cited by 4,388 · see citing works
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders
Spitzer, R. L., First, M. B., & Gibbon, M. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,582 · see citing works
Categorizing sounds and learning to read—a causal connection
Bradley, L., & Bryant, P. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/301419a0 · Cited by 3,035 · see citing works
Balota, D. A., Yap, M. J.-M., Hutchison, K. A., Cortese, M. J., Brett Kessler, A., Loftis, B., Neely, J. H., Nelson, D. L., Simpson, G. B., & Rebecca Treiman, A. (2007) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/bf03193014 · Cited by 2,758 · see citing works
Rayner, K. (2009) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210902816461 · Cited by 2,682 · see citing works
Marian, V., Blumenfeld, H. K., & Kaushanskaya, M. (2007) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2007/067 · Cited by 1,994 · see citing works
Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing
Mitchell, J.-J. (2001) · Assessment for Effective Intervention · doi:10.1177/073724770102600305 · Cited by 1,307 · see citing works
The span of the effective stimulus during a fixation in reading
McConkie, G. W., & Rayner, K. (1975) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03203972 · Cited by 1,291 · see citing works
Toward a model of eye movement control in reading.
Reichle, E. D., Pollatsek, A., Fisher, D. L., & Rayner, K. (1998) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.105.1.125 · Cited by 1,267 · see citing works
The E-Z Reader model of eye-movement control in reading: Comparisons to other models
Reichle, E. D., Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (2003) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x03000104 · Cited by 1,083 · see citing works
Physiological and anatomical evidence for a magnocellular defect in developmental dyslexia.
Livingstone, M. S., Rosen, G. D., Drislane, F. W., & Galaburda, A. M. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.18.7943 · Cited by 1,018 · see citing works
Language Comprehension As Structure Building
Gernsbacher, M. A. (2013) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203772157 · Cited by 892 · see citing works
The Oxford Handbook of Eye Movements
Liversedge, S. P., Gilchrist, I. D., & Everling, S. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199539789.001.0001 · Cited by 874 · see citing works
New, B., Pallier, C., Ferrand, L., & Matos, R. E. (2001) · L’Année psychologique · doi:10.3406/psy.2001.1341 · Cited by 834 · see citing works
Andreasen, N. C. (1979) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780120045006 · Cited by 746 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…perceptual span Language disturbances are a defining feature of schizophrenia and are thought to contribute to such criterial symptoms as thought disorder and auditory hallucinations (Andreasen, 1979, 1986, 1988; Kuperberg, 2010a, 2010b; Levy et al., 2010; Li, Branch, & DeLisi, 2009).”
BackgroundHatcher, P. J., Hulme, C., & Ellis, A. W. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00733.x · Cited by 729 · see citing works
Individual differences in integrating information between and within sentences.
Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P. A. (1983) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.9.4.561 · Cited by 662 · see citing works
Henderson, J. M., & Ferreira, F. (1990) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.16.3.417 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
The mechanism of suppression: A component of general comprehension skill.
Gernsbacher, M. A., & Faust, M. E. (1991) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.17.2.245 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Eye Guidance in Reading: Fixation Locations within Words
Rayner, K. (1979) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p080021 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Schizotypy and hemisphere function—I
CLARIDGE, G. S., & Broks, P. (1984) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(84)90111-9 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Examples of mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects and with binomial data
Quené, H., & van den Bergh, H. (2008) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2008.02.002 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Eye movements and the perceptual span in beginning and skilled readers
Rayner, K. (1986) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-0965(86)90037-8 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Cognitive and Linguistic Processing in the Bilingual Mind
Bialystok, E., & Craik, F. I. M. (2010) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721409358571 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Decisional Capacity for Informed Consent in Schizophrenia Research
Carpenter, W. T. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.6.533 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Prefrontal cognitive processes: Working memory and inhibition in the antisaccade task.
Roberts, R. J., Hager, L. D., & Heron, C. (1994) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.123.4.374 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Eye movement control during reading: I. The location of initial eye fixations on words
McConkie, G. W., Kerr, P. W., Reddix, M. D., & Zola, D. (1988) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(88)90137-x · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Rayner, K., & Bertera, J. H. (1979) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.504987 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Nash Unsworth, A., Schrock, J. C., & Engle, R. W. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.30.6.1302 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Rayner, K., Reichle, E. D., Stroud, M. J., Williams, C. C., & Pollatsek, A. (2006) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.21.3.448 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Cornelissen, P. L., Richardson, A. J., Mason, A. J. S., Fowler, S., & Stein, J. F. (1995) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(95)98728-r · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Pollatsek, A., Lesch, M. F., Morris, R. K., & Rayner, K. (1992) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.18.1.148 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Asymmetry of the perceptual span in reading
McConkie, G. W., & Rayner, K. (1976) · Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society · doi:10.3758/bf03335168 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Asymmetry of the effective visual field in reading
Rayner, K., Well, A. D., & Pollatsek, A. (1980) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03198682 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Reichenberg, A., Weiser, M., Rabinowitz, J., Caspi, A., Schmeidler, J., Mark, M., Kaplan, Z., & Davidson, M. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.12.2027 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Perfetti, C. A., & Bell, L. (1991) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/0749-596x(91)90017-e · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Fuller, R. L. M., Nopoulos, P., Arndt, S. V., OʼLeary, D. S., Ho, B., & Andreasen, N. C. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.7.1183 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
The role of cognition in vocational functioning in schizophrenia
McGurk, S. R., & Meltzer, H. Y. (2000) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00198-x · Cited by 337 · see citing works
A Cognitive Neuroscience View of Schizophrenic Thought Disorder
Spitzer, M. (1997) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/23.1.29 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Differences in eye movements and reading problems in dyslexic and normal children
Eden, G. F., Stein, J. F., Wood, H. M., & Wood, F. B. (1994) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(94)90209-7 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Woodruff, P. W. R., Wright, I. C., Bullmore, E. T., Brammer, M. J., Howard, R. J., Williams, S., Shapleske, J., Rossell, S. L., David, A. S., McGuire, P. K., et al. (1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.12.1676 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Effects of Aging on the Useful Field of View
Sekuler, A. B. (2000) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/036107300243588 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Tests of the E-Z Reader model: Exploring the interface between cognition and eye-movement control
Pollatsek, A., Reichle, E. D., & Rayner, K. (2005) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2005.06.001 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Language in Schizophrenia Part 1: An Introduction
Kuperberg, G. R. (2010) · Language and Linguistics Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1749-818x.2010.00216.x · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Do eye movements hold the key to dyslexia?
Pavlidis, G. T. (1981) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(81)90044-0 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Cognitive Correlates of Job Tenure Among Patients With Severe Mental Illness
Gold, J. M., Goldberg, R. W., McNary, S. W., Dixon, L. B., & Lehman, A. F. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1395 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Eye movements of dyslexic children when reading in a regular orthography
Hutzler, F., & Wimmer, H. (2004) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/s0093-934x(03)00401-2 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Miyake, A., Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1994) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1006/jmla.1994.1009 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Ford, J. M., & Mathalon, D. H. (2004) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(03)00095-5 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Synch before you speak: Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia
Ford, J. M., Roach, B. J., Faustman, W. O., & Mathalon, D. H. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.3.458 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Kuhn, S., & Gallinat, J. (2012) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbq152 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Häikiö, T., Bertram, R., Hyönä, J., & Niemi, P. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2008.04.002 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Brain Imaging: Applications in Psychiatry
Andreasen, N. C. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3279509 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Antisaccades and smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenia
Sereno, A. B., & Holzman, P. S. (1995) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)00127-o · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Martı́nez, A., Hillyard, S. A., Dias, E. C., Hagler, D. J., Butler, P. D., Guilfoyle, D. N., Jalbrzikowski, M., Silipo, G. S., & Javitt, D. C. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1852-08.2008 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Chidhood precursors of psychiosis as clues to its evolutionary orgins
Crow, T. J., Done, D. J., & Sacker, A. (1995) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/bf02190732 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Does word identification proceed from spelling to sound to meaning?
Jared, D., & Seidenberg, M. S. (1991) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.120.4.358 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Clementz, B. A., McDowell, J. E., & Zisook, S. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.103.2.277 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Executive Functions in Dyslexia
Helland, T., & Asbjørnsen, A. E. (2000) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/0929-7049(200003)6:1;1-b;ft037 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
ABNORMALITIES OF NONVISUALLY-GUIDED EYE MOVEMENTS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE
CRAWFORD, T. J., HENDERSON, L., & KENNARD, C. (1989) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/112.6.1573 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Eye movements and the perceptual span in older and younger readers.
Rayner, K., Castelhano, M. S., & Yang, J. (2009) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0014300 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Cross-language lexical processes and inhibitory control
Linck, J. A., Hoshino, N., & Kroll, J. F. (2008) · The Mental Lexicon · doi:10.1075/ml.3.3.06lin · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Word and Tone Working Memory Deficits in Schizophrenia
Wexler, B. E., Stevens, A. A., Bowers, A. A., Sernyak, M. J., & Goldman‐Rakic, P. S. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1093 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Smooth pursuit in schizophrenia: A meta-analytic review of research since 1993
O’Driscoll, G. A., & Callahan, B. L. (2008) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2008.08.023 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationHulme, C., Snowling, M. J., Caravolas, M., & Carroll, J. M. (2005) · Scientific Studies of Reading · doi:10.1207/s1532799xssr0904_2 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Brain imaging: Applications in psychiatry
Swayze, V. W., Yates, W. R., & Andreasen, N. C. (1987) · Behavioral Sciences & the Law · doi:10.1002/bsl.2370050303 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Nakayama, K., Levy, D. L., Matthysse, S., & Holzman, P. S. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.8.4724 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
The tell-tale tasks: A review of saccadic research in psychiatric patient populations
Gooding, D. C., & Basso, M. A. (2008) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2008.08.024 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Oculomotor and linguistic determinants of reading development: A longitudinal study
Huestegge, L., Radach, R. R., Corbic, D., & Huestegge, S. M. (2009) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2009.09.012 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Selective attentional dyslexia
Rayner, K., Murphy, L. A., Henderson, J. M., & Pollatsek, A. (1989) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643298908253288 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Rayner, K., Sereno, S. C., Lesch, M. F., & Pollatsek, A. (1995) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00300.x · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Hoffman, R. E., Fernandez, T., Pittman, B., & Hampson, M. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.050 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Visual magnocellular impairment in adult developmental dyslexics
Talcott, J. B., Hansen, P., Willis-Owen, C. A., McKinnell, I. W., Richardson, A. J., & Stein, J. F. (1998) · Neuro-Ophthalmology · doi:10.1076/noph.20.4.187.3931 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Infant Predictors of the Longitudinal Course of Schizophrenic Development
Fish, B. (1987) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/13.3.395 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Antisaccades and Smooth Pursuit Eye Tracking and Schizotypy
O’Driscoll, G. A., Lenzenweger, M. F., & Holzman, P. S. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.9.837 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationSaccadic abnormalities in psychotic patients. I. Neuroleptic-free psychotic patients
Crawford, T. J., Haeger, B., Christopher Kennard, C., Reveley, M. A., & Henderson, L. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700033389 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Idiom processing in schizophrenia: Literal implausibility saves the day for idiom priming.
Titone, D. A., Holzman, P. S., & Levy, D. L. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.111.2.313 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationEye Movements, Scanpaths, and Dyslexia
ADLER-GRINBERG, D., & STARK, L. W. (1978) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1097/00006324-197808000-00005 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Do faulty eye movements cause dyslexia?
Rayner, K. (1985) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565648509540294 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
The Comprehension and Production of Complex Syntax in Schizophrenia
Morice, R. D., & McNicol, D. (1985) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(58)80005-2 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Voluntary Saccadic Control in Dyslexia
Biscaldi, M., Fischer, B., & Hartnegg, K. (2000) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p2666a · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Kasai, K., Nakagome, K., Itoh, K., Koshida, I., Hata, A., Iwanami, A., Fukuda, M., & Kato, N. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.4.546 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Language pathway abnormalities in schizophrenia: a review of fMRI and other imaging studies
Li, X., Branch, C. A., & DeLisi, L. E. (2009) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e328324bc43 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Sweeney, J. A., Clementz, B. A., Haas, G. L., Escobar, M. D., Drake, K., & FRANCES, A. J. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.103.2.222 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Reading impairment and visual processing deficits in schizophrenia
Revheim, N., Butler, P. D., Schechter, I., Jalbrzikowski, M., Silipo, G., & Javitt, D. C. (2006) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.06.022 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Tuning in to the Voices: A Multisite fMRI Study of Auditory Hallucinations
Ford, J. M., Roach, B. J., Jørgensen, K. W., Turner, J. A., Brown, G. G., Notestine, R. J., Bischoff‐Grethe, A., Greve, D. N., Wible, C. G., Lauriello, J., et al. (2008) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn140 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Contextual insensitivity in schizophrenic language processing: Evidence from lexical ambiguity.
Titone, D. A., Levy, D. L., & Holzman, P. S. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.4.761 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationSelective Speech Perception Alterations in Schizophrenic Patients Reporting Hallucinated “Voices”
Hoffman, R. E., Rapaport, J., Mazure, C. M., & Quinlan, D. M. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.3.393 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Preserved reading and spelling ability in psychotic disorders
Dalby, J. T., & Williams, R. (1986) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700002609 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Pugh, K. R., & McCardle, P. (2011) · Cited by 105 · see citing works
An Event-Related Brain Potential Study of Direct and Indirect Semantic Priming in Schizophrenia
Michael Kiang, A., Marta Kutas, A., Light, G. A., & BRAFF, D. L. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07050763 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Yarbus, A. L. (1967) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-5379-7_5 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Hearing a voice in the noise: auditory hallucinations and speech perception
Vercammen, A., de Haan, E. H. F., & Aleman, A. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707002437 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Schizophrenia as Failure of Left Hemispheric Dominance for the Phonological Component of Language
Angrilli, A., Spironelli, C., Elbert, T. R., Crow, T. J., Marano, G., & Stegagno, L. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004507 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
The genetic basis of thought disorder and language and communication disturbances in schizophrenia
Levy, D. L., Coleman, M. J., Sung, H., Ji, F., Matthysse, S., Mendell, N. R., & Titone, D. A. (2009) · Journal of Neurolinguistics · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2009.08.003 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationSaccadic abnormalities in psychotic patients. II. The role of neuroleptic treatment
Crawford, T. J., Haeger, B., Christopher Kennard, C., Reveley, M. A., & Henderson, L. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700033390 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Kuperberg, G. R. (2010) · Language and Linguistics Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1749-818x.2010.00217.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
The time course of building discourse coherence in schizophrenia: An ERP investigation
Ditman, T., & Kuperberg, G. R. (2007) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00565.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Contextual insensitivity in schizophrenic language processing: Evidence from lexical ambiguity.
Titone, D. A., Levy, D. L., & Holzman, P. S. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.109.4.761 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationKatsanis, J., & Iacono, W. G. (1991) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.100.4.526 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Saccadic Eye Movements of Dyslexic and Normal Reading Children
Biscaldi, M., Fischer, B., & Aiple, F. (1994) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p230045 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Skilled Deaf Readers Have an Enhanced Perceptual Span in Reading
Bélanger, N. N., Slattery, T. J., Mayberry, R. I., & Rayner, K. (2012) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611435130 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Barch, D. M., & Csernansky, J. G. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.7.1090 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Kimble, M., Lyons, M. J., O’Donnell, B. F., Nestor, P. G., Niznikiewicz, M. A., & Toomey, R. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00184-5 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Psychology of reading, 2nd ed.
Rayner, K., Pollatsek, A., Ashby, J., & Clifton, C. (2012) · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Eye movements of young and older adults during reading.
Kemper, S. J., & Liu, C.-J. (2007) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.22.1.84 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Electrophysiological Correlates of Language Processing in Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Niznikiewicz, M. A., Voglmaier, M. M., Shenton, M. E., Seidman, L. J., Dickey, C. C., Rhoads, R. V., Teh, E., & McCarley, R. W. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.7.1052 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Gagnon, D., O’Driscoll, G. A., Petrides, M., & Pike, G. B. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf005 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Visual Characteristics of Words
Dunn‐Rankin, P. (1978) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0178-122 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
O’Carroll, R. E., WALKER, M., Dunan, J. T., MURRAY, C., Blackwood, D., Ebmeier, K. P., & GOODWIN, G. (1992) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/0920-9964(92)90030-9 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The incidence of Stroop interference in dyslexia
Everatt, J., Warner, J., Miles, T. R., & Thomson, M. (1997) · Dyslexia · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0909(199712)3:4 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Ditman, T., & Kuperberg, G. R. (2009) · Journal of Neurolinguistics · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2009.03.003 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Gouzoulis‐Mayfrank, E. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(03)00066-5 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
ABNORMALITIES OF PREDICTIVE SACCADES IN HEMI-PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Ventre‐Dominey, J., Zee, D. S., Papageorgiou, H., & Reich, S. G. (1992) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/115.4.1147 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Sticht, T. G. (1988) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.2307/1167361 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Inhibition in the processing of garden-path sentences.
May, C. P., Zacks, R. T., Hasher, L., & Multhaup, K. S. (1999) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.14.2.304 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Antisaccade and smooth pursuit performance in positive- and negative-symptom schizotypy
Holahan, A.-L. V., & O’Driscoll, G. A. (2004) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.10.005 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationAutomatic semantic priming abnormalities in schizophrenia
Mathalon, D. H., Roach, B. J., & Ford, J. M. (2009) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.12.003 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Foxe, J. J., Yeap, S., Snyder, A. C., Kelly, S. P., Thakore, J. H., & Molholm, S. (2010) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-010-0176-0 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Cerebral Functioning in Offspring of Schizophrenics
Marcus, J. H. (1974) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.1974.11448645 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Jamadar, S. D., Powers, N. R., Meda, S. A., Gelernter, J. E., Gruen, J. R., & Pearlson, G. D. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.03.027 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Ruchsow, M., Trippel, N., Grön, G., Spitzer, M., & Kiefer, M. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00482-6 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Language disorder in schizophrenia as a developmental learning disorder
Condray, R. (2004) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.05.022 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Consent Form Readability and Educational Levels of Potential Participants in Mental Health Research
Christopher, P. P., Foti, M. E., Roy-Bujnowski, K. M., & Appelbaum, P. S. (2007) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2007.58.2.227 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Lexical competition and spoken word identification in schizophrenia
Titone, D. A. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(03)00212-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationPreschizophrenics: Adding to the Evidence, Sharpening the Focus
Ambelas, A. (1992) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.160.3.401 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Is the relationship of prosaccade reaction times and antisaccade errors mediated by working memory?
Crawford, T. J., Parker, E., Solis‐Trapala, I., & Mayes, J. (2010) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2488-8 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Lueck, C. J., Crawford, T. J., Henderson, L., Gisbergen, J. A. M. V., Duysens, J., & Christopher Kennard, C. (1992) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/14640749208401325 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Radant, A. D., Dobie, D. J., Calkins, M. E., D, A. O. M., BRAFF, D. L., Cadenhead, K. S., Freedman, R., Green, M. F., Greenwood, T. A., Gur, R. E., et al. (2010) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01004.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The Prevalence of Low Literacy in an Indigent Psychiatric Population
Christensen, R. C., & Grace, G. D. (1999) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.50.2.262 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Poor Readers but Compelled to Read: Stroop Effects in Developmental Dyslexia
Faccioli, C., Peru, A., Rubini, E., & Tassinari, G. (2008) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297040701290040 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Impaired categorical perception of synthetic speech sounds in schizophrenia
Cienfuegos, A., March, L., Shelley, A. M., & Javitt, D. C. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00064-x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Low Literacy and Mental Illness in a Nationally Representative Sample
Sentell, T. L., & Shumway, M. (2003) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000082185.26868.dc · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Cognitive sequence processing and syntactic comprehension in schizophrenia
Lelekov‐Boissard, T., Nicolas Franck, B., Dominey, P. F., & Georgieff, N. (2000) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200007140-00017 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Arnott, W. L., Sali, L., & Copland, D. A. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.11.025 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Controlling the spotlight of attention: Visual span size and flexibility in schizophrenia
Elahipanah, A., Christensen, B. K., & Reingold, E. M. (2011) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.08.011 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Identical neural risk factors predict cognitive deficit in dyslexia and schizophrenia.
Leonard, C. M., Kuldau, J. M., Maron, L. M., Ricciuti, N., Mahoney, B. P., Bengtson, M. A., & DeBose, C. D. (2008) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.22.2.147 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Do People With Schizophrenia Comprehend What They Read?
Hayes, R. L., & O’Grady, B. (2003) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007022 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Wagner, S., & Gunter, T. C. (2004) · Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) · doi:10.1027/1618-3169.51.4.290 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Can Schizophrenia be Localized in the Brain
Andreasen, N. C. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Can a temporal processing deficit account for dyslexia?
Rayner, K., Pollatsek, A., & Bilsky, A. B. (1995) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03210985 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Possible Defects of Interhemispheric Integration in Children of Schizophrenics
HALLETT, S., & GREEN, P. (1983) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198307000-00005 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Visual processing, lateralization and syndromes of schizotypy
Richardson, A. J., & Gruzelier, J. H. (1994) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/0167-8760(94)90009-4 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Abnormal speech perception in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations
Lee, S., Chung, Y.-C., Yang, J.-C., Kim, Y., & Suh, K.-Y. (2004) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1111/j.0924-2708.2004.00071.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Weiser, M., Reichenberg, A., Rabinowitz, J., Nahon, D., Kravitz, E., Lubin, G., Knobler, H. Y., Davidson, M., & Noy, S. (2007) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31815928b0 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Reading in Schizophrenic Subjects and Their Nonsymptomatic First-Degree Relatives
Roberts, E. O., Proudlock, F. A., Martin, K., Reveley, M. A., Al-Uzri, M., & Gottlob, I. (2013) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr191 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Jones, M., Kelly, M. L., & Corley, M. M. B. (2007) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-007-9060-3 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Green, D. A. (2007) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Brady, J. P. (1958) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1958.12.3.473 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Schizophrenia impairs phonological speech production: A preliminary report
Birkett, P., Clegg, J., Bhaker, R. S., Lee, K.-H., Mysore, A. V., Parks, R. W., & Woodruff, P. W. R. (2010) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546801003787459 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 160 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sensory Processing Dysfunction in the Personal Experience and Neuronal Machinery of Schizophrenia
Javitt, D. C., & Freedman, R. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13121691 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Eye movements in reading: Some theoretical context
Radach, R. R., & Kennedy, A. (2012) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2012.750676 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
The gaze-contingent moving window in reading: Development and review
Rayner, K. (2014) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506285.2013.879084 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Whitford, V., & Titone, D. A. (2016) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0039971 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationThe impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of Canadian children and youth
Vaillancourt, T., Szatmári, P., Georgiades, K., & Krygsman, A. (2021) · FACETS · doi:10.1139/facets-2021-0078 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Whitford, V., & Titone, D. A. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/xlm0000093 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationCarrión, R. E., Cornblatt, B. A., McLaughlin, D., Chang, J. L. K., Auther, A. M., Olsen, R. H., & Javitt, D. C. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.030 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Sabaroedin, K., Tiego, J., Parkes, L., Sforazzini, F., Finlay, A., Johnson, B. P., Pinar, A., Cropley, V., Harrison, B. J., Zalesky, A., et al. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.02.013 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Reading deficits in schizophrenia and their relationship to developmental dyslexia: A review
Whitford, V., O’Driscoll, G. A., & Titone, D. A. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.049 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationFernández, G., Sapognikoff, M., Guinjoan, S. M., Orozco, D., & Agamennoni, O. E. (2016) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.04.018 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
An automatic detection method for schizophrenia based on abnormal eye movements in reading tasks
Yang, H., He, L. T., Li, W., Zheng, Q., Li, Y., Zheng, X., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2023.121850 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Fernandez, L. B., Bothe, R., & Allen, S. (2021) · Second language Research · doi:10.1177/02676583211049742 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Whitford, V., Byers, N., O’Driscoll, G. A., & Titone, D. A. (2023) · Schizophrenia Research Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.scog.2023.100289 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationLeung, C. Y., Sugiura, M., Abe, D., & Yoshikawa, L. (2014) · Open Journal of Modern Linguistics · doi:10.4236/ojml.2014.45051 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Rabagliati, H., Delaney-Busch, N., Snedeker, J., & Kuperberg, G. R. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718001952 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Reading skills deficits in people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Vanova, M., Aldridge‐Waddon, L., Jennings, B. J., Puzzo, I., & Kumari, V. (2020) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.98 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Xia, D., Quan, W., & Wu, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4037938 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Perisaccadic Perception of Visual Space in People with Schizophrenia
Richard, A., Churan, J., Whitford, V., O’Driscoll, G. A., Titone, D. A., & Pack, C. C. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4744-13.2014 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationDias, E. C., Sheridan, H., Martı́nez, A., Sehatpour, P., Silipo, G. S., Rohrig, S. N., Hochman, A., Butler, P. D., Hoptman, M. J., Revheim, N., et al. (2020) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa107 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Rodríguez, D. D. L., Buetler, K. A., Eggenberger, N., Laganaro, M., Nyffeler, T., Annoni, J., & Müri, R. M. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00649 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Chapter 1. Bilingualism, executive control, and eye movement measures of reading
Titone, D. A., Whitford, V., Lijewska, A., & Itzhak, I. (2016) · Bilingual processing and acquisition · doi:10.1075/bpa.2.02tit · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationExecutive functioning predicts development of reading skill and perceptual span seven years later
Meixner, J. M., & Laubrock, J. (2024) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2024.104511 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Contextual predictability enhances reading performance in patients with schizophrenia
Fernández, G., Guinjoan, S. M., Sapognikoff, M., Orozco, D., & Agamennoni, O. E. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.010 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Second language acquisition and schizophrenia
Dugan, J. (2014) · Second language Research · doi:10.1177/0267658314525776 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Fang, L., Sánchez-López, Á., & Koster, E. H. W. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.10.011 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Eye-tracking as a window into assembled phonology in native and non-native reading
Martin, K. I., & Juffs, A. (2021) · Journal of Second Language Studies · doi:10.1075/jsls.19026.mar · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Eye movements in children during reading: a review
Frey, A. (2016) · doi:10.17118/11143/9729 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wang, J., Liu, Q., Wydell, T. N., Liao, J., Wang, F., Quan, W., Tian, J., Wang, P., Liu, J., & Dong, W. (2017) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.01.004 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Automatic Schizophrenia Detection Using Multimodality Media via a Text Reading Task
Zhang, J., Yang, H., Wen, L., Li, Y., Qin, J., & He, L. T. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.933049 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Visual expertise for print in schizophrenia: Analysis of the N170 component
Curzietti, M., Chaillou, A.-C., Bonnefond, A., Vidailhet, P., & Doignon‐Camus, N. (2018) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.08.001 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rettie, L., Marsh, J. E., Liversedge, S. P., Wang, M., & Degno, F. (2024) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218241269327 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Agency of Subjects and Eye Movements in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Pietro, C. B. D. S., de Girolamo, G., Luzzatti, C., & Marelli, M. (2022) · Journal of Psycholinguistic Research · doi:10.1007/s10936-022-09903-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Michael, G. A., Masson, M., Robert, E., Bacon, É., Desert, J., Rhein, F., Offerlin-Meyer, I., & Colliot, P. (2014) · Psychologie Française · doi:10.1016/j.psfr.2014.08.002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wang, J., Wang, P., Xia, Z., Liu, J., Quan, W., Tian, J., Wydell, T. N., & Dong, W. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.11.023 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Study of differences between patients with schizophrenia and healthy people in semantic processing
Ye, H., Zhu, X., Wang, K., Song, L., Yang, X., Li, F. R., & Fan, Q. (2021) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.471 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Schizotypy and perceptual span in a non-clinical sample: a virtual reality study
Moat, K. G., Wallis, G. M., McAnally, K. I., Grove, P. M., & Horvath, A. (2024) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546805.2024.2313470 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Christofalos, A. L., Laks, M., Wolfer, S., Dias, E. C., Javitt, D. C., & Sheridan, H. (2023) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218231220752 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Can Japanese EFL Learners "See" Before They "Read"?
Leung, C. Y. (2014) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pérez, M., & Giraudo, H. (2016) · doi:10.17118/11143/10243 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Eye Movement Behavior Analyses for Studying Cognitive Performance and Conversion to Pathologies
Fernández, G., Buedo, P., Orozco, D., & Agamennoni, O. E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53126-7_21
Wang, J., Wydell, T. N., Zhang, L., Quan, W., Tian, J., Jin, L., & Dong, W. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.10.020
Whitford, V., Byers, N., Matthews, V., O’Driscoll, G. A., & Titone, D. A. (2026) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109534
Self-citation
- Authors
- Whitford, V., O'Driscoll, G. A., Pack, C. C., Joober, R., Malla, A., & Titone, D.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music (CA)
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
- McGill University (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 57-75
- ISSN
- 0096-3445 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2222
- OpenAlex
- W2147519145
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 160
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology General (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canada Research Chairs Program
- Stairs Memorial Foundation Fund
- EJLB Foundation
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (341534-07, 204609);)
- Sponsor name not included
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, reading disorders, phonological processing, oculomotor control, perceptual span, saccade amplitude, antisaccades, prosaccades, smooth pursuit eye movements, executive function, reading comprehension, cognitive remediation, language deficits
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Eye Movements, Female, Humans, Individuality, Male, Reading, Schizophrenia, Visual Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
