Can college students use emotion regulation strategies to alter intimate partner aggression-risk behaviors? An examination using I³ theory.
Abstract
Objective: Drawing on Finkel and Eckhardt’s I3 theory (Finkel & Eckhardt, 2013), this experimental study examined the effects of emotion regulatory efforts on aggressive verbalizations during anger arousal. Methods: Participants were 236 male and female college students with and without a history of intimate partner aggression (IPA) perpetration. Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 emotion regulation strategy conditions: cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, or no instruction. They were trained to use these strategies in response to emotionally evocative dating scenarios presented via the Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations (ATSS) paradigm. Participants’ aggressive verbalizations in response to these scenarios were coded. Results: A significant interaction emerged such that IPA perpetrators trained to use cognitive reappraisal articulated fewer aggressive verbalizations than did non-IPA perpetrators; IPA perpetrators instructed to use expressive suppression tended to articulate more aggressive verbalizations than did non-IPA perpetrators. Conclusions: Findings lend support to some of the major tenets of the I3 model, and suggest that emotion regulation strategies may be important treatment targets for IPA perpetration.
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Findings regarding the potential inhibiting role of adaptive emotion regulation strategy use are mixed.
“However, while maladaptive emotion regulation is a well-established impelling factor of IPV perpetration, findings regarding the potential inhibiting role of adaptive emotion regulation strategy use are mixed, calling for further research (Gallagher et al., 2010; Maldonado et al., 2015; Maloney, Echkhardt, & Oesterle, 2023; McNulty & Hellmuth, 2008; Neilson et al., 2023; Puente-Martínez et al., 2”
From Negative Urgency, Emotion Regulation, and Intimate Partner Violence Severity in High Risk Couples with Alcohol Use Disorders. (2026) · cites this paper as Maldonado et al., 2015
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COGNITION IN INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE PERPETRATION
Pina, A., Harewell, J. L., & Tisi, R. E. (2026) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394289868.ch13
- Authors
- Maldonado, R. C., DiLillo, D., & Hoffman, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
- Venue
- Psychology of Violence
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 46-55
- ISSN
- 2152-081X (ISSN-L)
- 2152-0828
- OpenAlex
- W2125887571
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 5.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology of Violence (publishedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, intimate partner aggression, aggression perpetration, cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, anger arousal, university students, treatment goals
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