Unfinished tasks foster rumination and impair sleeping—Particularly if leaders have high performance expectations
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between time pressure and unfinished tasks as work stressors on employee well-being. Relatively little is known about the effect of unfinished tasks on well-being. Specifically, excluding the impact of time pressure, we examined whether the feeling of not having finished the week's tasks fosters perseverative cognitions and impairs sleep. Additionally, we proposed that leader performance expectations moderate these relationships. In more detail, we expected the detrimental effect of unfinished tasks on both rumination and sleep would be enhanced if leader expectations were perceived to be high. In total, 89 employees filled out online diary surveys both before and after the weekend over a 5-week period. Multilevel growth modeling revealed that time pressure and unfinished tasks impacted rumination and sleep on the weekend. Further, our results supported our hypothesis that unfinished tasks explain unique variance in the dependent variables above and beyond the influence of time pressure. Moreover, we found the relationship between unfinished tasks and both rumination and sleep was moderated by leader performance expectations. Our results emphasize the importance of unfinished tasks as a stressor and highlight that leadership, specifically in the form of performance expectations, contributes significantly to the strength of this relationship.
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Unfinished tasks at the end of the work week act as a threat to successful recovery during the weekend.
“Recent research in the domain of occupational health psychology has noted that unfinished tasks at the end of the work week act as a threat to successful recovery during the weekend [1].”
From Ovsiankina's Great Relief: How Supplemental Work during the Weekend May Contribute to Recovery in the Face of Unfinished Tasks (2017) · cites this paper as [1]
Unfinished tasks at the end of the work week are associated with higher levels of perseverative thoughts about work during leisure time.
“Researchers in the domain of occupational stress and recovery have recently revealed that unattained goals at the end of the work day [11] or unfinished tasks at the end of the work week [1,12] are associated with higher levels of perseverative thoughts about work during leisure time, in terms of either lower levels of psychological detachment and higher levels of affective rumination or problem-”
From Ovsiankina's Great Relief: How Supplemental Work during the Weekend May Contribute to Recovery in the Face of Unfinished Tasks (2017) · cites this paper as [1]
Performance expectations of supervisors moderate the positive link between unfinished tasks and rumination.
“Finally, performance expectations of supervisors have been shown to moderate the positive link between unfinished tasks and rumination [1].”
From Ovsiankina's Great Relief: How Supplemental Work during the Weekend May Contribute to Recovery in the Face of Unfinished Tasks (2017) · cites this paper as [1]
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- Authors
- Syrek, C. J., & Antoni, C. H.
- Affiliations
- Universität Trier (DE)
- Venue
- Journal of Occupational Health Psychology
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 490-499
- ISSN
- 1076-8998 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1307
- OpenAlex
- W2330032982
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 16.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Occupational Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- German Ministry of Education and Research (ADFH01241608)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Workaholism, burnout, and well-being
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Keywords
- unfinished tasks, rumination, sleep disorders, time pressure, occupational stressors, employee well-being, leadership, perseverative cognition
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Depression, Employment, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Leadership, Male, Middle Aged, Stress, Psychological, Young Adult
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