The eyes have it: The role of attention in cognitive reappraisal of social stimuli
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive reappraisal (CR) is a commonly used emotion-regulation strategy that has been shown to influence affective, cognitive, and social outcomes. Although progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms underlying CR, the role of attention remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of attention in CR by tracking participants' gazes during the presentation of videos depicting people in negative moods. Participants were asked to attend naturally or to use reappraisal to increase or decrease their emotions while viewing the videos. After each video, they rated their negative emotion experience. Results showed that participants spent more time looking at the emotional regions in the target's face (eyes and mouth) when asked to up-regulate their emotions, compared with when they simply attended to the videos. The reverse pattern was found for down-regulation of emotions. In addition, the effects of cognitive reappraisal on negative emotion experience were mediated by the time spent looking at the emotional regions, with a stronger effect for the down-regulation instruction. Finally, direct effects of regulation instruction on negative emotion were observed even when controlling for time spent viewing emotional regions, which suggests that attention and CR are distinct components that uniquely influence negative emotions. These results complement and extend previous findings on the role of attention in CR, and highlight the importance of taking attentional mechanisms into account when designing CR training.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Attention shifting is linked with reappraisal efficacy.
“Similarly, attention shifting is linked with reappraisal efficacy [50]”
From Testing the mindfulness-to-meaning theory: Evidence for mindful positive emotion regulation from a reanalysis of longitudinal data (2017) · cites this paper as [50]
Cites
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433 · see citing works
Confidence Limits for the Indirect Effect: Distribution of the Product and Resampling Methods
MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4 · Cited by 7,806 · see citing works
Gross, J. J. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.1.224 · Cited by 4,671 · see citing works
Self-citationThe cognitive control of emotion
OCHSNER, K., & GROSS, J. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.03.010 · Cited by 4,495 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment and validation of the State Hope Scale.
Snyder, C. R. R., Sympson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A., & Higgins, R. L. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.321 · Cited by 3,584 · see citing works
(2007) · Cited by 3,233 · see citing works
Self-citationUsing confidence intervals in within-subject designs
Loftus, G. R., & Masson, M. E. J. (1994) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03210951 · Cited by 2,433 · see citing works
Emotion elicitation using films
Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1995) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939508408966 · Cited by 2,179 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvantages of Monte Carlo confidence intervals for indirect effects
Preacher, K. J., & Selig, J. P. (2012) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312458.2012.679848 · Cited by 1,908 · see citing works
Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies
Buhle, J. T., Silvers, J. A., Wager, T. D., Lopez, R., Onyemekwu, C., Kober, H., Weber, J., & Ochsner, K. N. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht154 · Cited by 1,896 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Behavioral and neuroimaging data suggest that CR utilizes multiple cognitive processes, with appraisal mechanisms playing an important role (Buhle et al., 2013; Ochsner & Gross, 2005, 2014).”
BackgroundBauer, D. J., Preacher, K. J., & Gil, K. M. (2006) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.11.2.142 · Cited by 1,704 · see citing works
Toward a second-person neuroscience
Schilbach, L., Timmermans, B., Reddy, V., Costall, A., Bente, G., Schlicht, T., & Vogeley, K. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12000660 · Cited by 1,510 · see citing works
Emotion regulation and memory: the cognitive costs of keeping one's cool
Richards, J. M., & Gross, J. J. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.3.410 · Cited by 1,472 · see citing works
Self-citationThe social consequences of expressive suppression
Butler, E. A., Egloff, B., Wlhelm, F. H., Smith, N. C., Erickson, E. A., & Gross, J. J. (2003) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.48 · Cited by 1,400 · see citing works
Self-citationEvent-Related Potentials, Emotion, and Emotion Regulation: An Integrative Review
Hajcak, G., MacNamara, A., & Olvet, D. M. (2010) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565640903526504 · Cited by 1,370 · see citing works
Emotion and attention: event-related brain potential studies
Schupp, H. T., Flaisch, T., Stockburger, J., & Junghöfer, M. (2006) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(06)56002-9 · Cited by 1,032 · see citing works
The Role of Emotion Regulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Mazefsky, C. A., Herrington, J., Siegel, M., Scarpa, A., Maddox, B. B., Scahill, L., & White, S. W. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.006 · Cited by 881 · see citing works
Emotion regulation: taking stock and moving forward
Gross, J. J. (2013) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0032135 · Cited by 864 · see citing works
Self-citationEmotion Regulation in Everyday Life.
Gross, J. J., Richards, J. M., & John, O. P. (2006) · Emotion regulation in couples and families: Pathways to dysfunction and health. · doi:10.1037/11468-001 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
Self-citationGOLAN, O., & BARON-COHEN, S. (2006) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579406060305 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Reappraisal modulates the electrocortical response to unpleasant pictures
Hajcak, G., & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2006) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.6.4.291 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Intentional modulation of emotional responding to unpleasant pictures: An ERP study
Moser, J. S., Hajcak, G., Bukay, E., & Simons, R. F. (2006) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00402.x · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Contextual modulation of amygdala responsivity to surprised faces
Kim, H., Somerville, L. H., Johnstone, T., Polis, S., Alexander, A. L., Shin, L. M., & Whalen, P. J. (2004) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/0898929042947865 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Turning the knots in your stomach into bows: reappraising arousal improves performance on the GRE
Jamieson, J. P., Mendes, W. B., Blackstock, E., & Schmader, T. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.08.015 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Emotion regulation in Asperger’s syndrome and high-functioning autism
Samson, A. C., Huber, O., & Gross, J. J. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0027975 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Self-citationPrizant, B. M., Wetherby, A. M., Rubin, E., & Laurent, A. C. (2003) · Infants & Young Children · doi:10.1097/00001163-200310000-00004 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Emotion regulation in couples and families: Pathways to dysfunction and health.
(2006) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/11468-000 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Attending to affect: appraisal strategies modulate the electrocortical response to arousing pictures
Hajcak, G., Moser, J. S., & Simons, R. F. (2006) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.3.517 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
van Reekum, C. M., Johnstone, T., Urry, H. L., Thurow, M. E., Schaefer, H. S., Alexander, A. L., & Davidson, R. J. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.052 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Rapid influence of emotional scenes on encoding of facial expressions: an ERP study
Righart, R., & de Gelder, B. (2008) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsn021 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Dunning, J. P., & Hajcak, G. (2008) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00723.x · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Modulations of the electrophysiological response to pleasant stimuli by cognitive reappraisal.
Krompinger, J. W., Moser, J. S., & Simons, R. F. (2008) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.1.132 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
(2014) · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationSeeing, thinking, and feeling: Emotion-regulating effects of gaze-directed cognitive reappraisal.
Urry, H. L. (2010) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0017434 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
The neural bases of emotion and emotion regulation: A valuation perspective.
Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2014) · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationBebko, G. M., Franconeri, S., Ochsner, K. N., & Chiao, J. Y. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0024009 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Fortus, D. (2014) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.21155 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Distinct control networks for cognition and emotion in the prefrontal cortex
Kompus, K., Hugdahl, K., Öhman, A., Marklund, P., & Nyberg, L. H. (2009) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.10.005 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Neural correlates of attentional deployment within unpleasant pictures
Ferri, J. M., Schmidt, J., Hajcak, G., & Canli, T. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.12.030 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Wessing, I., Rehbein, M. A., Postert, C., Fürniss, T., & Junghöfer, M. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.117 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
How music alters a kiss: superior temporal gyrus controls fusiform–amygdalar effective connectivity
Pehrs, C., Deserno, L., Bakels, J.-H., Schlochtermeier, L. H., Kappelhoff, H., Jacobs, A. M., Fritz, T. H., Koelsch, S., & Kuchinke, L. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst169 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationBebko, G. M., Franconeri, S., Ochsner, K. N., & Chiao, J. Y. (2014) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0035459 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Temporal dynamics of emotion regulation.
Hajcak, G., Dunning, J. P., Foti, D., & Weinberg, A. (2014) · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Franklin, T. B., & Mansuy, I. M. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-10769-6_24 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Facial expression analysis with AFFDEX and FACET: A validation study
Stöckli, S., Schulte‐Mecklenbeck, M., Borer, S., & Samson, A. C. (2017) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-017-0996-1 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Self-citationGarland, E. L., Hanley, A. W., Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187727 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationStrauss, G. P., Ossenfort, K. L., & Whearty, K. M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162290 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Critical role of the right VLPFC in emotional regulation of social exclusion: a tDCS study
He, Z., Lin, Y., Xia, L., Liu, Z., Zhang, D., & Elliott, R. (2018) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsy026 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The Temporal Pole Top-Down Modulates the Ventral Visual Stream During Social Cognition
Pehrs, C., Zaki, J., Schlochtermeier, L. H., Jacobs, A. M., Kuchinke, L., & Koelsch, S. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv226 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationStephanou, K., Davey, C. G., Kerestes, R., Whittle, S., Pujol, J., Yücel, M., Fornito, A., López-Solà, M., & Harrison, B. J. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22905 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Attention training through gaze-contingent feedback: Effects on reappraisal and negative emotions.
Sánchez-López, Á., Everaert, J., & Koster, E. H. W. (2016) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000198 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Berkovich, I., & Eyal, O. (2016) · Educational Management Administration & Leadership · doi:10.1177/1741143215617947 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
He, Z., Liu, Z., Zhao, J., Elliott, R., & Zhang, D. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719002915 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Emotion Regulation by Psychological Distance and Level of Abstraction: Two Meta-Analyses
Moran, T., & Eyal, T. (2022) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683211069025 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Hanley, A. W., de Vibe, M., Solhaug, I., Farb, N., Goldin, P. R., Gross, J. J., & Garland, E. L. (2021) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3035 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Cortical Network of Emotion Regulation: Insights From Advanced EEG-fMRI Integration Analysis
Nguyen, T. P., Zhou, T., Potter, T. B. H., Zou, L., & Zhang, Y. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2019.2900978 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Livingstone, K. M., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2018) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/pag0000240 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Sánchez-López, Á., Everaert, J., van Put, J., Raedt, R. D., & Koster, E. H. W. (2019) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.01.017 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Panno, A., Theodorou, A., Carrus, G., Imperatori, C., Spano, G., & Sanesi, G. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01986 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Bardeen, J. R., & Daniel, T. A. (2017) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-017-9860-y · Cited by 37 · see citing works
De Witte, N. A. J., Sütterlin, S., Braet, C., & Mueller, S. C. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.012 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
A Novel Emotion-Aware Hybrid Music Recommendation Method Using Deep Neural Network
Wang, S., Xu, C., Ding, A. S., & Tang, Z. (2021) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics10151769 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Sánchez-López, Á., Duque, A., Romero, N., & Vázquez, C. (2017) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-017-9858-5 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Evans, T. C., Walukevich‐Dienst, K., & Britton, J. C. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.003 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Brief mindfulness, mental health, and cognitive processes: A randomized controlled trial
Cerna, C., García, F. E., & Téllez, A. (2019) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.325 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Feldmann, L., Zsigo, C., Mörtl, I., Bartling, J., Wachinger, C., Oort, F. J., Schulte‐Körne, G., & Greimel, E. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.087 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Sfärlea, A., Takano, K., Buhl, C., Löchner, J., Greimel, E., Salemink, E., Schulte‐Körne, G., & Platt, B. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-021-00814-z · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms associated with reappraisal and attentional deployment
Ferri, J. M., & Hajcak, G. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.01.010 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The role of attentional deployment during distancing in adolescents with major depression
Greimel, E., Piechaczek, C., Schulte-Rüther, M., Feldmann, L., & Schulte-Körne, G. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103554 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Dealing With Feeling Crowded on Public Transport: The Potential Role of Design
Lombardi, D., & Ciceri, M. R. (2019) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916519879773 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Greimel, E., Feldmann, L., Piechaczek, C., Oort, F. J., Bartling, J., Schulte‐Rüther, M., & Schulte‐Körne, G. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036093 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Emotion regulation via visual avoidance: Insights from neurological patients
Otero, M. C., & LEVENSON, R. W. (2019) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.05.003 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Adolescent Attention to Disgust Visuals in Cigarette Graphic Warning Labels
Kemp, D., Niederdeppe, J., & Byrne, S. E. (2019) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.07.007 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Oh, H. S., & Yang, H. (2021) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825585.2021.1917502 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Piechaczek, C., Schröder, P.-T., Feldmann, L., Schulte‐Körne, G., & Greimel, E. (2022) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-022-10303-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Bendall, R. C. A., Eachus, P., & Thompson, C. R. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-04964-y · Cited by 9 · see citing works
ZHANG, N., Liu, W., Liu, F., & Guo, X. Y. (2021) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2022.00025 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Feldmann, L., Zsigo, C., Piechaczek, C., Schröder, P.-T., Wachinger, C., Schulte‐Körne, G., & Greimel, E. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104099 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Neural correlates of emotion reappraisal in individuals with externalizing psychopathology
Lake, A. J., Finn, P., & James, T. W. (2016) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-015-9500-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Uhrecký, B., Gurňáková, J., & Baránková, M. (2020) · Studia Psychologica · doi:10.31577/sp.2020.02.793 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Jingyuan, L. I. U., & Li, H. (2022) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2022.01455 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Coping with sequential conflicting emotional experiences
Lau‐Gesk, L., & Mukherjee, S. (2016) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.12.004 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Li, J., Liu, S., Peng, H., Tang, L., & Yuan, L. (2024) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gros, A., Manera, V., Daumas, A., Guillemin, S., Rouaud, O., Lemesle, M., Giroud, M., & Béjot, Y. (2016) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00008 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationDispersing attentional resources reduces negative emotions
Izaki, T., & Ogawa, K. (2023) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000001929 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Liu, D., Zhang, X., Elhai, J. D., Montag, C., & Yang, H. (2024) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-024-10558-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jin, S., Liu, S., Li, S., Liu, Z., & Guo, X. (2025) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2025.2182 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Everaert, J. (2015) · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)
The Effect of Motivational Dimension of Affect on the Choice of Emotion Regulation Strategies
颜, 心. (2021) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2021.112063
The Role of Emotional Memory in Reappraising Negative Self-referent Thoughts
Nieto, I., Koster, E. H. W., & Everaert, J. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10216-6
Top Ranked Abstracts from the 2021 Annual Meeting of the Society for Affective Science
(2021) · Affective Science · doi:10.1007/s42761-021-00069-3
Sánchez-López, Á., Everaert, J., van Put, J., Raedt, R. D., & Koster, E. H. W. (2017) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/sj5wy
Dever, D. A., Cloude, E. B., Wiedbusch, M. D., & Azevedo, R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-60571-0_8
Sánchez-López, Á., Everaert, J., van Put, J., Raedt, R. D., & Koster, E. H. W. (2017) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/sj5wy_v1
van Reekum, C. M., Tupitsa, E., Lloyd, W. K., Momeni, A., Shahki, J., Feredoes, E. A., & Woodward, T. S. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.27.684758
Huang, J., Li, Z., Wang, X., Yin, D., Deng, Y., Zheng, Z., Wu, F., jin, C., Jiang, B., & Wang, T. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121904
Ferguson, E. F., Nuske, H., Hardan, A., & Gross, J. (2026) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/jcpp.70177
Self-citationGuo, Z., Liu, J., Chen, Q., Li, Z. H. U., Xie, S., Zhu, C., Yu, F., Ji, G., Wang, K., & Zhang, L. (2026) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-026-10785-4
- Authors
- Manera, V., Samson, A. C., Pehrs, C., Lee, I. A., & Gross, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
- Venue
- Emotion
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 833-839
- ISSN
- 1528-3542 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1516
- OpenAlex
- W2319056267
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 3.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- cognitive reappraisal, emotion regulation, attention, gaze behavior, negative emotions, social stimuli, mediation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Attention, Cognition, Emotions, Eye, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Judgment, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mouth, Social Environment, Video Recording, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
