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Cited by 56Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPsychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionReligion, Spirituality, and Psychology

Modeling the mindfulness‐to‐meaning theory's mindful reappraisal hypothesis: Replication with longitudinal data from a randomized controlled study

Hanley, Adam W., de Vibe, Michael, Solhaug, Ida, Farb, Norman, Goldin, Phillipe R., Gross, James J., Garland, Eric L.·2021·Stress and Health
DOI 10.1002/smi.3035
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Abstract

The Mindfulness to Meaning Theory provides a detailed process model of the mechanisms by which mindfulness may promote well‐being. Central to the Mindfulness to Meaning Theory is the mindful reappraisal hypothesis (MRH), which suggests mindfulness training promotes well‐being by facilitating positive reappraisal. Emerging evidence from interconnected domains of research supports the MRH. However, it remains unclear whether mindful reappraisal continues to develop after a mindfulness training course and whether this continued development encourages well‐being over time. As such, this randomized controlled study compared participants receiving a mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) course with participants receiving no mindfulness training on positive reappraisal use and well‐being over the course of 6 years. Latent growth curve modeling revealed that mindfulness training increased well‐being by significantly increasing the trajectory of positive reappraisal over time. The MRH was then unpacked by examining whether MBSR also stimulated decentering and broadened awareness, core components of the MRH. Multivariate path analysis revealed that mindfulness training increased decentering, which in turn broadened awareness, which was then associated with positive reappraisal, ultimately promoting well‐being. Taken together, these findings suggest that MBSR cultivates a downstream cascade of adaptive psychological processes that continue to promote quality of life 6‐years after mindfulness training.

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  • This heightened self-awareness helps identify stress triggers and patterns, allowing for proactive stress management through positive reappraisal, emotion regulation, or other strategies, thereby modulating cortisol and testosterone profiles effectively.

    “this heightened self-awareness helps identify stress triggers and patterns, allowing for proactive stress management through positive reappraisal, emotion regulation, or other strategies, thereby modulating cortisol and testosterone profiles effectively (Goldin et al., 2021;González-Palau & Medrano, 2022;hanley et al., 2021;tang, tang, & Posner, 2016;terburg et al., 2009).”

    From Salivary testosterone and cortisol response in acute stress modulated by seven sessions of mindfulness meditation in young males (2024) · cites this paper as hanley et al., 2021

  • A growing body of theoretical articles and empirical studies suggests a connection between mindfulness training and the enhancement of emotion regulation strategies.

    “A growing body of theoretical articles and empirical studies suggests a connection between mindfulness training and the enhancement of emotion regulation strategies [30–34].”

    From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [34]

  • Cultivating a more accepting and flexible emotion regulation approach may protect against depression and anxiety through reappraisal, acceptance, and problem-solving.

    “The second pathway includes cultivating a more accepting and flexible emotion regulation approach that may protect against depression and anxiety through reappraisal, acceptance, and problem-solving [23, 34, 75–78].”

    From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [34]

  • According to mindfulness-to-meaning theory, the observational stance fostered by mindfulness facilitates reframing situations from novel perspectives through reappraisal.

    “According to the mindfulness-to-meaning theory [81, 82], this observational stance fosters an expanded attentional space, facilitating reframing situations from novel perspectives through reappraisal [34].”

    From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [34]

  • Adapting psychotherapies to patients' cultural worldview, cultural humility, and matching between patient and provider cultural identities improve treatment outcomes.

    “For example, adapting psychotherapies to patients’ cultural worldview147, cultural humility (that is, a lack of superiority and openness to patients’ cultural perspectives)148, and matching between patient and provider cultural identities improve treatment outcomes149.”

    From A common factors perspective on mindfulness-based interventions (2022) · cites this paper as [149]

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Authors
Hanley, A. W., de Vibe, M., Solhaug, I., Farb, N., Goldin, P. R., Gross, J. J., & Garland, E. L.
Affiliations
  • University of Utah (US)
  • Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services Oslo Norway
  • UiT The Arctic University of Norway (NO)
  • University of Toronto (CA)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
  • Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author
Garland, Eric L.
ORCID
Venue
Stress and Health
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-03-09
Volume
37
Issue
4
Pages
778-789
ISSN
  • 1532-2998 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-3005
DOI
10.1002/smi.3035
OpenAlex
W3131735914
Semantic Scholar
441393eb474d85f500bd8fac362b2fb7012b05dc
Cited by
56
References
78
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4
FWCI
6.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Stress and Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
  • Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Keywords
positive reappraisal, mindfulness training, mindfulness-based stress reduction, decentering, well-being, quality of life, latent growth curve models
MeSH terms
Humans, Quality of Life, Research Design, Stress, Psychological, Multivariate Analysis, Mindfulness

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