Critical role of the right VLPFC in emotional regulation of social exclusion: a tDCS study
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There is abundant evidence suggesting that the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) plays an important role in down-regulating the emotional response to social exclusion. However, a causal relationship between rVLPFC function and explicit emotional regulation is not clear in the context of social exclusion. This study employed anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to activate rVLPFC while participants used emotional regulation to reappraise pictures of social exclusion. Forty-four participants were randomly assigned to an active tDCS group or a sham group. Both groups viewed social exclusion images under two conditions: in the no-reappraisal condition, participants were instructed to passively view social exclusion images; in the reappraisal condition, they reappraised the images to down-regulate negative emotional responses. Compared to sham stimulation, anodal tDCS over the rVLPFC resulted in less negative emotion ratings, and produced significantly smaller pupil diameter in the reappraisal, compared to no-reappraisal block. The tDCS also led to longer fixation durations to rejectees and shorter fixation durations to rejecters. Taken together, these findings suggest a causal role for rVLPFC in down-regulation of negative emotions produced by social exclusion. This study has implications for clinical interventions targeting emotional regulation deficits.
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Results of brain stimulation studies on the PFC and emotion regulation are inconsistent.
“However, results of these studies have been inconsistent. While some studies have found that tDCS over the dlPFC or vlPFC enhances cognitive reappraisal [141–143], others have not [143, 144].”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [142]
The Results (Experiment 1; page unavailable) report that reappraisal reduced negative-emotion ratings more with active right-VLPFC stimulation than with sham stimulation. The Discussion (page unavailable) also reports a preliminary lower-current study with only a marginal effect (P = 0.078). These findings show variation within this research, but the paper does not establish the broader claim that results across PFC stimulation studies are inconsistent. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSome studies found that tDCS over the dlPFC or vlPFC enhances cognitive reappraisal.
“While some studies have found that tDCS over the dlPFC or vlPFC enhances cognitive reappraisal [141–143], others have not [143, 144].”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [142]
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- Authors
- He, Z., Lin, Y., Xia, L., Liu, Z., Zhang, D., & Elliott, R.
- Affiliations
- Shenzhen University (CN)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Dandan
- Venue
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-03-28
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 357-366
- ISSN
- 1749-5016 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-5024
- PMC
- PMC5928413
- OpenAlex
- W2793877773
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 8.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571120)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Keywords
- right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, social exclusion, emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, transcranial direct current stimulation, negative emotions, pupil size, gaze behavior, rejection
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