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Coping, emotion regulation, and psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analysis and narrative review.
Open accessAbstract
In this meta-analytic and narrative review, we examine several overarching issues related to the study of coping, emotion regulation, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence, including the conceptualization and measurement of these constructs. We report a quantitative meta-analysis of 212 studies (N = 80,850 participants) that measured the associations between coping and emotion regulation with symptoms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Within the meta-analysis we address the association of broad domains of coping and emotion regulation (e.g., total coping, emotion regulation), intermediate factors of coping and emotion regulation (e.g., primary control coping, secondary control coping), and specific coping and emotion regulation strategies (e.g., emotional expression, cognitive reappraisal) with internalizing and externalizing symptoms. For cross-sectional studies, which made up the majority of studies included, we examine 3 potential moderators: age, measure quality, and single versus multiple informants. Finally, we separately consider findings from longitudinal studies as these provide stronger tests of the effects. After accounting for publication bias, findings indicate that the broad domain of emotion regulation and adaptive coping and the factors of primary control coping and secondary control coping are related to lower levels of symptoms of psychopathology. Further, the domain of maladaptive coping, the factor of disengagement coping, and the strategies of emotional suppression, avoidance, and denial are related to higher levels of symptoms of psychopathology. Finally, we offer a critique of the current state of the field and outline an agenda for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record
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“Significant links are noted between maladaptive strategy use, reduced self-efficacy and increased depression and anxiety symptoms (Carthy et al., 2010; Compas et al., 2017; Ehring et al., 2010).”
From Outcomes From an Online Pilot Mindfulness Based Intervention with Adolescents: A Comparison by Categories of Risk. (2023) · cites this paper as Compas et al., 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Preliminary evidence suggests those who employ a greater variety of adaptive coping strategies report reduced anxiety and depression, and increased psychological functioning and self-efficacy (Compas et al., 2017; Suhr et al., 2017).”
From Outcomes From an Online Pilot Mindfulness Based Intervention with Adolescents: A Comparison by Categories of Risk. (2023) · cites this paper as Compas et al., 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“As confirmed in a recent meta-analysis of 212 studies (80,850 participants), avoidant coping strategies such as disengagement, emotional suppression, and denial were associated with concurrent and subsequent psychopathology (Compas et al. 2017).”
From Child Sexual Abuse as a Unique Risk Factor for the Development of Psychopathology: The Compounded Convergence of Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as Compas et al. 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Emotion regulation is a well-established factor that is linked to behavioral health and mental health, including substance use and mood and anxiety disorders [24].”
From Effectiveness of the Botvin High School LifeSkills Training Intervention on Adolescent Substance Use: A Cluster Randomized Trial (2026) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“suppression and rumination have been positively associated (Aldao, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Schweizer, 2010; Compas et al., 2017; Hu et al., 2014; Prefit, Candea, & Szentagotai-Tatar, 2019; Seligowski, Lee, Bardeen, & Orcutt, 2015), and reappraisal has been negatively associated (Aldao et al., 2010; Hu et al., 2014; Prefit et al., 2019; but see Seligowski et al., 2015) with psychopathology.”
From Emotion regulation as mediator between childhood adversity and psychopathology: A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Compas et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“suppression and rumination have been positively associated (Aldao, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Schweizer, 2010; Compas et al., 2017; Hu et al., 2014; Prefit, Candea, & Szentagotai-Tatar, 2019; Seligowski, Lee, Bardeen, & Orcutt, 2015), and reappraisal has been negatively associated (Aldao et al., 2010; Hu et al., 2014; Prefit et al., 2019; but see Seligowski et al., 2015) with psychopathology.”
From Emotion regulation as mediator between childhood adversity and psychopathology: A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Compas et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“Broader measures of emotion regulation, such as difficulties (Prefit et al., 2019; Seligowski et al., 2015) and abilities (Compas et al., 2017), have also shown consistent associations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms.”
From Emotion regulation as mediator between childhood adversity and psychopathology: A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Compas et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“The relations between emotion regulation and psychopathology have also been consistently supported in meta-analyses.”
From Emotion regulation as mediator between childhood adversity and psychopathology: A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Compas et al., 2017
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Cites
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6 of the 396 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 14
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Cognitive Processes and Models
Matthews, G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.028 · Cited by 5
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. (2020) · The SAGE Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.4135/9781446201022.n34 · Cited by 4
Wolgast, A., & Wolfradt, U. (2020) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-020-00363-2 · Cited by 4
Pittman, L. D., Cutright, N. L., McNeela, L., Awada, S. R., Pabis, J. M., Kochanova, K., & Shelleby, E. C. (2019) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22471 · Cited by 4
Henry, L. M., Forehand, R., Watson, K. H., Gruhn, M. A., Bettis, A. H., McKee, L. G., & Compas, B. (2018) · Parenting, science and practice · doi:10.1080/15295192.2018.1529453 · Cited by 4
“In a meta-analysis of associations between coping and emotion regulation and internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children and adolescents, primary control and secondary control coping were associated with lower levels of symptoms, and disengagement coping was associated with higher levels of symptoms (Compas e…”
BackgroundSelf-citationHolmes, M., & Spring, K. E. (2018) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v6i4.1768 · Cited by 4
Schetsche, C. (2022) · Консультативная психология и психотерапия · doi:10.17759/cpp.2022300105 · Cited by 4
Rodríguez, P., Solar, F. C., & Navarrete, C. B. (2019) · Temas em Psicologia · doi:10.9788/tp2019.1-07 · Cited by 4
“Given the close relation between the constructs of coping and emotion regulation (Compas et al., 2017; Compas et al., 2014), this questionnaire was adapted to assess ER strategies in children.”
MethodCognitive Coping Strategies among Inpatient Adolescents with Depression and Psychiatric Comorbidity
Mihailescu, I., Efrim-Budisteanu, M., Andrei, L. E., Buică, A. M., Moise, M., Nicolau, I. G., Iotu, A. D., Grădilă, A. P., Costea, T., Priseceanu, A. M., et al. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10121870 · Cited by 3
“More-over, the pattern of coping mechanisms used by a developing child impacts their future resilience, and it may, therefore, decrease or increase the chances of a child developing a mental health disorder [11].”
BackgroundHuman preferences are susceptible to covertly misaligned AI advice
Sabour, S., Liu, J. M., Liu, S., Yao, C. Z., Cui, S., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Cao, Y., Bhat, A., Guan, J., et al. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2600684123 · Cited by 2
Sánchez‐Ruiz, M., Hajj, S. E., Giménez-Lozano, J. M., Hernández-Saguar, A. E., Khoury-Malhame, M. E., Doumit, R., Petrides, K. V., & Romero, M. C. (2026) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjdp.70061 · Cited by 3
“—to describe behavioural responses and coping strategies (Compas et al., 2017); (5) What were the consequences? and What did you learn?”
Yang, Y., Lu, B.-C., & Wang, S.-M. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0350928 · Cited by 3
“Previous coping research has similarly shown that adaptive and maladaptive strategies frequently coexist under high levels of stress [13,12].”
Xu, Y., Qi, K., Dong, X., Xu, Q., Wang, S., Chen, D., Schinke, R. J., & Chen, A. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04339-2 · Cited by 3
“Concurrently, academic pressure and social challenges intensify emotional vulnerability, manifesting as diminished resilience and emotion regulation difficulties [11–13].”
Media Literacy as Resilience: A Conceptual Framework
Pasitselska, O., & Neag, A. (2026) · Media and Communication · doi:10.17645/mac.11458 · Cited by 3
“In parallel, the research in psychology claims that disengaging from one’s own emotions can be harmful for mental health (Compas et al., 2017).”
Qiu, N., Li, S.-Q., Wu, J., Becker, B., Peng, W., Li, K., Zhao, G.-C., Hu, L., Yan, H.-M., & Yao, D. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121638 · Cited by 3
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Simão, A., Martins, C., & Nunes, C. (2025) · Youth · doi:10.3390/youth5040131 · Cited by 3
“…developmental variations, research highlights key transitional processes—such as increased reliance on peers for social support and the maturation of metacognitive and executive function abilities—which provide the foundation for more sophisticated coping and ER strategies (Compas et al., 2017).”
InfluentialCao, H., Eisenberg, N., Zhou, N., Wang, S., & Qiao, J. (2025) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2025.101233 · Cited by 4
Eco-emotions in children and adolescents: A rapid review of the qualitative literature
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Karakasidou, E., & Komninou, A. (2025) · European Journal of Counselling Psychology · doi:10.46853/001c.146057 · Cited by 3
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Gwambe, S., Jordaan, J., & Cronjé, M. (2025) · Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/24732850.2025.2549006 · Cited by 3
Simão, S., Diniz, E., Babore, A., & Brandão, T. (2025) · The social science · doi:10.3390/socsci14080490 · Cited by 3
Emotional strategies to enhance resilience in patients with cancer: A scoping review
Zhang, J.-Y., Chung, J., Taylor, S., & Yorke, J. (2025) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apjon.2025.100777 · Cited by 3
Perceived Parental Involvement Decreases the Risk of Adolescent Depression
Liu, X., Li, W., Lei, J., Han, X., Zhang, Q.-Z., Zhang, Q.-Y., Gong, J., Zhang, J., Chen, Z.-Y., & Feng, Z.-Z. (2025) · ALPHA PSYCHIATRY · doi:10.31083/ap46110 · Cited by 3
Rueth, J., Arens, H., & Lohaus, A. (2025) · Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/02724316251355486 · Cited by 3
“…to regulate negative emotions is associated with better psychosocial adjustment, namely fewer internalizing (e.g., anxiety, depression) and externalizing problems (e.g., conduct problems, hyperactivity; Aldao et al., 2010; Compas et al., 2017; Graziano & Garcia, 2016; Sch¨afer et al., 2017).”
High testosterone levels associated with elevated suicidal risk in male adolescents with depression
Wang, H., Lyu, N., Huang, J., Fu, B., Shang, L., Yang, F., Zhang, L., & Zhao, Q. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07098-3 · Cited by 3
“Insufficient emotional regulation is directly associated with disruptive behaviors, aggression, depression, and suicide in this population [19, 20].”
Kourmousi, N., Kounenou, K., Pezirkianidis, C., Kalamatianos, A., & Chrousos, G. P. (2025) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci14060344 · Cited by 4
Mahamid, S., Elias, H., & Sulimani‐Aidan, Y. (2025) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968251339687 · Cited by 5
“Studies have indicated the effectiveness of coping strategies in building resilience during emerging adulthood, but this knowledge base remains limited (Compas et al., 2017; Leipold et al., 2019).”
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“[9], parental stress Ref.”
Adolescents’ Self and Bullying Victimisation: The Key Role of Gender
Perazzini, M., Bontempo, D., Giancola, M., D'Amico, S., & Perilli, E. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12020217 · Cited by 3
“Although some studies suggested that girls with negative self-perception are more vulnerable to bullying due to relational and emotional sensitivity [69,70], our findings align with other research suggesting that girls are more able to face risk behaviours [71].”
Watson, K. H., Siciliano, R. E., Anderson, A. S., Ciriegio, A. E., Henry, L. M., Gruhn, M. A., Vreeland, A., Torres, S., Kuhn, T. M., Ebert, J., et al. (2025) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-025-01290-5 · Cited by 3
“These findings replicate previous research and suggest that habitual use of SCC is adaptive in the long-term, as both RSQ and VMR SCC were negatively associated with symptoms on the YSR/CBCL (Aldao et al., 2010; Compas et al., 2017).”
InfluentialSelf-citationConflicting Identities: Challenges and Coping Strategies Among Multiethnic Youth in Israel
Malul, S., & Sokar, S. (2025) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2025.2452917 · Cited by 5
“While some of these strategies are effective and may enhance resilience among multiethnic youth, others, such as disengagement and avoidance, are regarded as less effective (Compas et al., 2017).”
Abela, K. R., Hussain, A., & Law, D. M. (2025) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968241311950 · Cited by 4
“The ability to independently regulate emotions is fundamental to healthy development (Compas et al., 2017; Gross, 2002; Thomsen & Lessing, 2020).”
Shakurun, N., Hinz, T., Adeyinka, D. A., & Muhajarine, N. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12010079 · Cited by 3
“Few studies have specifically examined the relationship between participation in extracurricular activities and the development of practical coping abilities in children [59,60].”
Childhood trauma, coping, and depressive symptoms among older adults
Lee, K. H., Yoon, S., & Jun, J. S. (2024) · Social Work in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15332985.2024.2432659 · Cited by 4
“However, they may be able to combat depression with coping behaviors (Compas et al., 2017; Gruhn & Compas, 2020).”
Coping patterns among sexually abused children: A latent profile analysis
Dassylva, O., Amédée, L., Paradis, A., & Hébert, M. (2024) · Children and youth services review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108083 · Cited by 3
Phillips, J. J., Smith, C. L., & Bell, M. A. (2024) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-024-00273-0 · Cited by 4
“Expanding the understanding of the importance of maternal characteristics on adolescent emotion regulation may have implications for intervention and prevention work regarding the psychopathological manifestations that maladaptive emotion regulation strategies can take [13].”
Lone, A., Khan, A. S., AlWadani, F. A. S., & Almaqhawi, A. (2024) · Pediatric Reports · doi:10.3390/pediatric16040082 · Cited by 4
Michels, N., Henauw, S. D., Kłosowska, J., Wijnant, K., Braet, C., & Giletta, M. (2024) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108900 · Cited by 1
Son, H., Silva, S. G., Hong, S., Haase, J. E., Han, J.-W., & Docherty, S. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsae088 · Cited by 3
Pinkse-Schepers, A. L., Buil, J. M., Sijtsma, H., Hollarek, M., Walsh, R. J., van Buuren, M., Krabbendam, L., & Lee, N. C. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1374327 · Cited by 6
Helland, S. S., Vira, E. G., Kjøbli, J., Røysamb, E., Nes, R. B., Kaasbøll, J., & Baardstu, S. (2024) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-024-01239-0 · Cited by 4
“Due to these conceptual challenges, the use of top-down models that include clear conceptual models of the construct has been recommended to develop sound measures of emotion regulation (Compas et al., 2017).”
Lee, H., & Lee, G. K. (2024) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2023.0144 · Cited by 5
Marion, L., Newnham, E. A., Morgan, H., Perry, Y., Cook, A. G., Lin, A. P., & Strauss, P. (2024) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2024.2382811 · Cited by 5
“Ongoing cognitive development throughout adolescence allows young people to utilize an increasingly wide range of coping strategies and tailor these to their circumstances (Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundCoping with Huntington’s Disease in Patients and At-Risk Individuals
Snow, A. L. B., Ciriegio, A. E., Watson, K. H., Baumann, M. G., Pfalzer, A. C., Diehl, S., Duncan, K. B., McDonell, K. E., Claassen, D. O., & Compas, B. E. (2024) · Journal of Huntington s Disease · doi:10.3233/jhd-240027 · Cited by 3
Self-citationSanto, C. D., Desmarais, A., & Christophe, N. K. (2024) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.13010 · Cited by 5
Manley, N. R., & Wilder, A. (2024) · Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups · doi:10.1044/2024_persp-24-00076 · Cited by 2
Siciliano, R. E., Anderson, A. S., Gruhn, M. A., Henry, L. M., Vreeland, A., Watson, K. H., Ciriegio, A. E., Liu, Q., Ebert, J., Kuhn, T. M., et al. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14666 · Cited by 3
Self-citationPerchec, C., Brisset, C., Lannegrand, L., & Sabatier, C. (2024) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2023.100929 · Cited by 3
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Wong, T. K. Y., & Hamza, C. (2024) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12954 · Cited by 3
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Russell, S., Bird, A. L., Waldie, K. E., Peterson, E. R., Morton, S., Carr, P. A., Salmon, K., & Reese, E. (2024) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579424000919 · Cited by 6
“Here we have tested child language skills as a key vulnerability; however, other cognitive and affective skills, such as emotion understanding (Raikes & Thompson, 2006) or emotion regulation (Compas et al., 2017), may better elucidate a path with children ’ s emotion resolution quality.”
Qiao, Z., Poppelaars, E., & Li, X. (2024) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108769 · Cited by 3
O'Neal, C. R., Meyering, K., Babaturk, L., & Gosnell, N. (2024) · Psychology in the schools (Print) · doi:10.1002/pits.23128 · Cited by 3
“Indeed, emotion regulation strategies are essential socioemotional skills which merit quality measurement (e.g., Compas et al., 2017; Zeman et al., 2001).”
BackgroundMethodHernandez, B. E., McDaniel, H. L., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2023) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-023-02731-9 · Cited by 5
“Several coping-related studies have suggested that problem-focused coping strategies are adaptive (e.g., Compas et al., 2017), whereas emotion-focused coping strategies are maladaptive (Horwitz et al., 2011).”
Stresserleben und Stresssymptomatik von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie
Rueth, J., Döring, L., Baier, A., Essing, K., Wagner, S., & Lohaus, U. A. (2023) · Kindheit und Entwicklung: Zeitschrift für Klinische Kinderpsychologie · doi:10.1026/0942-5403/a000430 · Cited by 3
Russell, S., Bird, A. L., & Herbert, J. S. (2023) · Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/02724316231210247 · Cited by 3
“Moreover, learning to hold and resolve negative feelings is an adaptive emotional skill related to children ’ s mental health (Compas et al., 2017).”
Fonseca, R., & Soares, A. (2023) · Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia · doi:10.12957/epp.2023.79268 · Cited by 3
“Segundo Compas et al. (2017), uma definição possível para o enfrentamento são os esforços cognitivos e comportamentais para o manejo de exigências ou demandas internas ou externas, que são avaliadas como sobrecarga aos recursos pessoais do indivíduo.”
BackgroundCompreensão sobre o adoecimento e o tratamento quimioterápico de crianças com câncer
Perosa, G. B., Padovani, F. H. P., & Lopes, G. C. (2023) · Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação · doi:10.1590/interface.230028 · Cited by 3
“Porém, nenhum participante negou a necessidade de ter que fazer a quimioterapia ou relatou tentativa de abandoná-la por não se sentir capaz de controlar os efeitos adversos, o que seria uma forma de enfrentamento desadaptativo 28 .”
BackgroundAdolescents’ Social Goal Orientations
Goagoses, N., & Bäker, N. (2023) · Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie · doi:10.1026/0049-8637/a000277 · Cited by 3
Shokrkon, A., & Nicoladis, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1190375 · Cited by 4
Samoozljeđivanje i suicidalnost srednjoškolaca prije i tijekom pandemije COVID-19
Sveučilište u Zagrebu, P. F., Bagarić, I. R., Sušac, N., Sveučilište u Zagrebu, P. F., Bulat, L. R., & Sveučilište u Zagrebu, P. F. (2023) · Socijalna psihijatrija · doi:10.24869/spsih.2023.3 · Cited by 4
Watson, K. H., Ciriegio, A. E., Pfalzer, A. C., Snow, A., Hale, L. M., Diehl, S., McDonell, K. E., Claassen, D., & Compas, B. (2023) · Journal of Huntington's Disease · doi:10.3233/jhd-230566 · Cited by 3
“Extensive research has shown 89 that disengagement coping strategies are less helpful 90 in reducing distress than engagement coping strate91 gies that involve facing the source of stress through 92 strategies such as problem-solving, acceptance, or 93 seeking support [12].”
BackgroundSelf-citationAl-Janaideh, R., Speidel, R., Colasante, T., & Malti, T. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/42606 · Cited by 3
“Emotion regulation is an important early social-emotional process because it helps children cope with difficult emotions and situations in a variety of settings and allows them to engage in their world with greater attention, problem solving skills, and emotional maturity [28,29].”
BackgroundMedina-Mora, M., Kulis, S., Real, T., Nuño-Gutiérrez, B., Corona, M., Cutrín, O., & Marsiglia, F. (2023) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-023-01542-0 · Cited by 3
“Research on coping and emotional regulation as well as internalizing symptomology and externalizing behaviors in adolescents has shown that good emotional regulation and adaptive coping are associated with the lowest levels of psychopathology (Compas et al., 2017).”
Looman, W., Eull, D., Geiger-Simpson, E., Lee, J., Nersesian, P., Bell, A., & Miller, A. L. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.02.007 · Cited by 3
Saasa, S., Ward, K. P., Jacobson, J., & Hill, R. (2023) · International Journal of Social Welfare · doi:10.1111/ijsw.12583 · Cited by 4
Iwanaga, K., Rumrill, P., Reid, C. A., Thomas, A., & Wagner, C. (2022) · Rehabilitation counseling bulletin · doi:10.1177/00343552221139875 · Cited by 3
“Factor analytic studies of the Brief COPE with different populations have revealed inconsistent results, with factors ranging from 3 to 14 (e.g., Bose et al., 2015; Compas et al., 2017; García et al., 2018).”
Thomas, E. A., Raval, V. V., James, A., Jain, A. T., & George, T. S. (2022) · Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology · doi:10.5539/jedp.v12n2p134 · Cited by 3
“In particular, coping and emotion regulation are critical to examine given their associations with lower internalizing and externalizing psychopathology in Western samples (Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundBorelli, J. L., Hong, K., Kazmierski, K. F. M., Smiley, P. A., Sohn, L. M., & Guo, Y. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457942200102x · Cited by 8
“Parents ’ ability to regulate their emotions is central to children ’ s ability to manage their own emotions (Bariola et al., 2011; Dix, 1991; Eisenberg et al., 1998), which in turn is a key predictor of risk for psychopathology (Beauchaine, 2015; Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialNkansah, J., Ababio, M. O., & Awuviry-Newton, K. (2022) · Journal of Education Society and Behavioural Science · doi:10.9734/jesbs/2022/v35i730434 · Cited by 3
“Disengagement, avoidance, and emotional suppression are examples of these behaviors [25].”
BackgroundHow Do Victimized Youth Emotionally and Socially Appraise Common Ways Third-Party Peers Intervene?
Strong, Z. H., Frey, K. S., McMain, E., Pearson, C., & Chiu, Y.-W. (2022) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-022-02285-2 · Cited by 3
“While much of the literature on emotion regulation is focused on individual coping strategies after stressful events (Compas et al., 2017), peers also influence one another’s emotional states (Lougheed et al., 2016; Klimes-Dougan et al., 2014).”
BackgroundKarnilowicz, H., Mauss, I., & Zhou, Q. (2022) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12723 · Cited by 3
“Compas et al. (2017) found that in adolescents, but not school-age children (age 5–9), reappraisal was associated with fewer internalizing problems (e.g., anxiety/ depression, withdrawal, somatic complaints) and suppression was associated with more internalizing problems.”
BackgroundEating-related guilt and mental health across middle childhood to early adolescence
Mason, T. B., Smith, K. E., Naya, C. H., Chu, D., & Dunton, G. F. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100221 · Cited by 6
Personality Traits and Mental Disorders
Hakulinen, C. A., Jokela, M. M., Mika Kivimaki, B., & Elovainio, M. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.018 · Cited by 4
Jayawickreme, E., & Zachry, C. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.032 · Cited by 2
Anxiety, Depression and Cognitive Dysfunction
Eysenck, M. W., & Holmes, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.033 · Cited by 3
Personality in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Dragūns, J. G., & Tanaka‐Matsumi, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.037 · Cited by 4
Danvers, A. F., Scott, B. G., Shiota, M., Tein, J., Wolchik, S., & Sandler, I. (2020) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-020-01142-2 · Cited by 3
Tomaso, C. C., Johnson, A. B., James, T. D., Nelson, J. M., Mason, W. A., Espy, K. A., & Nelson, T. D. (2020) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431620939184 · Cited by 4
“…points to emotion regulation as a key feature of internalizing psychopathology (Trosper et al., 2009), and correspondingly, a substantial body of literature links depression and anxiety with increased use of maladaptive regulatory strategies among children and adolescents (Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundPetersen, R., Petermann, U., Petermann, F., Diener, C., & Nitkowski, D. (2019) · Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1661-4747/a000395 · Cited by 3
Strong, Z., McMain, E., Frey, K. S., Wong, R., Dai, S.-H., & Jin, G. (2019) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558419864021 · Cited by 3
“Research on emotion regulation and emotion-based coping mostly examines regulation and coping as executed by individuals (see review, Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundLuo, N., Sperling, E. L., & Lum, J. (2026) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.32604/ijmhp.2026.074948 · Cited by 3
“…of coping strategies useful to health profession students as a whole [37–41] There was also wide variation in which coping strategies were measured in previous research, including both helpful and unhelpful coping strategies, and not all facets are investigated in every study [24,25,39–43].”
The structure of emotion regulation strategies among Korean adults
Kim, H., Han, H., & Kim, H. S. (2024) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2024.112752 · Cited by 2
Evaluation of Factor Structure of the Persian Scale of Coping With Carver Shortened Stress
Moghadam, A. H., Sharbaf, H. A., AbdeKhodaei, M. S., & Kareshki, H. (2020) · مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک · doi:10.32598/jams.23.4.4488.2 · Cited by 3
“[1، 2] تسا هدیچیپ هک تسا یشلات ،[3] از سترسا یاه تیعقوم لباقم رد ناور و هک دریگ یم راک هب شاشتغا فذح و لداعت ندنادرگزاب یارب درف هب یبای تسد مدع ای و لکشم اب قابطنا و هلئسم لح نآ دمایپ دنا هداد ناشن ازجم روط هب اه شهوژپ .[4] تسا بسانم یلح هار اب ههجاوم رد مه یا هلباقم فلتخم یاه دبرهار یریگراک هب هک حوطس اب ،داح یاه ست…”
Stifter, C. A., & Augustine, M. E. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17332-6_16 · Cited by 48
Jeste, D. V., & Gyan, E. (2026) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20260402 · Cited by 2
Richmond‐Rakerd, L. S., Khalifeh, L., Burt, S. A., Ganiban, J. M., Hsu, R. E., Hyde, L. W., Lee, S. A., Leve, L. D., Natsuaki, M. N., Neiderhiser, J. M., et al. (2026) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.70134 · Cited by 1
“For example, parenting may predict features or etiological processes that are shared across externalizing and internalizing disorders, such as children's difficulties with emotion regulation (Compas et al., 2017).”
Multidimensional student adjustment and perceived stress among first-year university students
Lajuma, S., Abdullah, N., Wider, W., Wu, C.-H., Wu, H., Zhou, F., & Zhu, M.-L. (2026) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-026-00756-x · Cited by 2
“The Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping conceptualises stress as a subjective appraisal process in which individuals evaluate whether environmental demands exceed their available coping resources [6].”
InfluentialBullying, Victimization, Resilience, and Emotional Intelligence Among Primary School Students
Gkatsa, T., & Rachioti, S. (2026) · Education sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci16050797 · Cited by 2
“Among the key characteristics of psychologically resilient children are a positive self-image and self-perception (Luthar et al., 2000), empathy, emotion regulation skills (Compas et al., 2017), as well as social competencies and cognitive problem-solving abilities (Masten, 2018).”
Academic stress and mental health in high school students: A systematic review
Pertiwi, E. R., & Delianti, N. (2026) · JOURNAL OF Mental Health Concerns · doi:10.56922/mhc.v5i1.2934 · Cited by 2
“Examined the relationship between stress, emotional regulation, and psychopathology in children and adolescents (Compas, Jaser, Bettis, Watson, Gruhn, Dunbar, & Thigpen, 2017).”
Koliou, M. P., Karaiskou, C., Eleftheriadis, C., Kontogeorgos, A., & Skalkos, D. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18101500 · Cited by 2
“…developed in this study integrates these components, illustrating how emotional sensitivity, hedonic disruption, selective coping tendencies, and emotional awareness jointly contribute to shaping eating behavior, in line with established evidence on emotion-regulation and coping processes [12,52].”
Gómez-García, M., Cáceres-Troche, D., Boumadan-Hamed, M., & Soto-Varela, R. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16094302 · Cited by 2
Bicil, O., Şahin, R. S., & Uysal, G. (2026) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-026-06930-6 · Cited by 1
“Programs that target maladaptive cognitive patterns, such as catastrophizing and self-blame, have been shown to enhance emotional resilience and psychological adjustment in school-aged children [12, 36].”
Cho, Y., Hwang, D., Lam, A., Lee, J.-H., & Yip, J. C. (2026) · International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791938 · Cited by 2
“…research showing that adolescents tend to rely on short-term, emotion-focused coping strategies, such as distraction, withdrawal, or quick behavioral resets, because these approaches offer immediate relief and require less cognitive effort than more sustained, problem-focused strategies [22].”
Kaźmierczak, I., & Lacko, D. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.70127 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Compas, B. E., Jaser, S. S., Bettis, A. H., Watson, K. H., Gruhn, M. A., Dunbar, J. P., Williams, E., & Thigpen, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 939-991
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- PMC
- PMC7310319
- OpenAlex
- W2626086283
- Cited by
- 1,555
- References
- 396
- Citations by year
- 2026: 300 · 2025: 273 · 2024: 215 · 2023: 181 · 2022: 173 · 2021: 169 · 2020: 135 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 10.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH100258 and T32 MH018921)
- National Cancer Institute (R01 CA118332)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DP3 DK097678)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Keywords
- coping, emotion regulation, child psychopathology, adolescent psychopathology, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, cognitive reappraisal, emotional expression, disengagement coping, emotional suppression, avoidance, denial, maladaptive coping, adaptive coping, informant effects, age differences
- MeSH terms
- Self-Control, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Child, Emotions, Humans
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