The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Construct validity in psychological tests.
Open accessAbstract
Cronbach, L. J.; Meehl, Paul E.. (1956). Construct validity in psychological tests. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/184279.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The second issue is the validity of ToM evaluations: ToM evaluations may fail to measure the underlying psychological construct that they are designed to measure [53,54].”
From Re-evaluating Theory of Mind evaluation in large language models (2025) · cites this paper as [53]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This is fundamentally a construct-validity problem: neighboring measures should support distinct interpretations within a nomological network rather than be treated as interchangeable indicators (Cronbach and Meehl, 1955; Messick, 1995).”
From Beyond checking: verification quality, reliance calibration, and learning in generative AI-assisted higher education (2026) · cites this paper as Cronbach and Meehl, 1955
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“To ensure sound methodology, we followed best practice guidelines for the scale development (see e.g., Boateng et al., 2018;Cronbach & Meehl, 1955) which typically include steps of item generation, scale construction, and scale evaluation.”
From Development and Validation of a Basic Psychological Needs Scale for Technology Use (2024) · cites this paper as Cronbach & Meehl, 1955
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This work contributes to the building of a nomological net (Cronbach and Meehl 1955) for a more nuanced conceptualization of religious belief and belonging by attending to meaning-making and its developmental progression within context-specific applications.”
From A Reframing of Meaning-Making and Its Measurement Among Emerging Adults (2025) · cites this paper as Cronbach and Meehl 1955
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
Self-citationEssentials of Psychological Testing
Rosner, B., & Cronbach, L. J. (1960) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1419921 · Cited by 4,524
Self-citationHandbook of Experimental Psychology
(1952) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1952.02930050088038 · Cited by 2,276
Processes affecting scores on "understanding of others" and "assumed similarity."
Cronbach, L. J. (1955) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0044919 · Cited by 1,390
Self-citationAntecedent probability and the efficiency of psychometric signs, patterns, or cutting scores.
Meehl, P. E., & ROSEN, A. P. (1955) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0048070 · Cited by 1,227
Self-citationOn a distinction between hypothetical constructs and intervening variables.
Maccorquodale, K., & Meehl, P. (1948) · Psychology Review · doi:10.1037/h0056029 · Cited by 1,035
Self-citationFundamentals of Concept Formation in Empirical Science
Hempel, C. G. (1952) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 871
Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology
Carnap, R. (2011) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400838684-018 · Cited by 816
Further Evidence on Response Sets and Test Design
Cronbach, L. J. (1950) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316445001000101 · Cited by 748
Self-citationFoundations of Logic and Mathematics.
N., E., & Carnap, R. (1939) · The Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.2307/2017421 · Cited by 445
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- [6]6. Braithwaite, R. B. Scientific Explamtion. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr., 1953.
- [9]9. Child, I. L. "Personality," Annual Review of Psychology, 5: 149-71 ( 1954).
- [16]16. Cureton, E. E. "Validity," in E. F. Lindquist (ed.). Educational Measurement, pp. 62 1-95. Washington, D . C. : Amer. Council on Education, 1950.
- [20]20. F'eigl, H. "Confim1ability and Confim1ation," Revue Internationale de Philoso- phic, 5: 1-12 (1<)51). Reprinted in P. P. Wiener (ed.), Readings in Pbilosopliy of Science, pp. 522-30. New York: Scribner's, 1953.
- [38]38. Kneale, W. Probabilit)' and Induction. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1949. Pages 92-l IO reprinted as " Induction, Explanation, and Transcendent Hypotheses," in H. Feig! and M. Brodbeck (eds.), Readings in t11e Pliilosopl1y of Science, pp. 353-67. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1953.
- [41]41. MacCorquodale, K., and P. E. Meelil. "On a Distinction Detween Ilypotl1etical Constrncts and Intervening Variables," Psychological Review, 5 5: 95-107 ( 1948).
- [43]43. McKinley, J. C., and S. R. Hathaway. "The MMPI : V. Hysteria, H ypomania, and Psychopathic Deviate," Journal of Applied Psychology, 28:153-71 (19H).
- [53]53. Peak, Helen. "Problems of Objective Observation," in L . Festinger :md D. Katz (eels.), Researcl1 M ethods in the Bel1avioral Sciences, pp. 243-300. New York: Dryclc11, 1953.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,094
Wesley, S. C., LeHew, M., & Woodside, A. G. (2006) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.01.005 · Cited by 184
Batra, R., Homer, P. M., & Kahle, L. R. (2001) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1102_04 · Cited by 185
A general critical appraisal tool: An evaluation of construct validity
Crowe, M. J., & Sheppard, L. A. (2011) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.06.004 · Cited by 210
Goldberg, S. B., Wielgosz, J., Dahl, C., Schuyler, B., MacCoon, D. S., Rosenkranz, M., Lutz, A., Sebranek, C. A., & Davidson, R. J. (2016) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000233 · Cited by 172
“Cronbach and Meehl (1955) identify several means by which the construct validity of a psychological test can be established.”
InfluentialA Case for Case Studies in Social Work Research
Gilgun, J. F. (1994) · Social Work · doi:10.1093/sw/39.4.371 · Cited by 195
Emotional response to sport concussion compared to ACL injury
Mainwaring, L. M., Hutchison, M. G., Bisschop, S. M., Comper, P., & Richards, D. W. (2010) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699051003610508 · Cited by 183
A Comparison of Younger and Older Adults' Self-Assessment Manikin Ratings of Affective Pictures
Backs, R. W., da Silva, S. P., & Han, K. (2005) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610730500206808 · Cited by 183
NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB): List Sorting Test to Measure Working Memory
Tulsky, D. S., Carlozzi, N., Chiaravalloti, N. D., Beaumont, J. L., Kisala, P. A., Mungas, D., Conway, K., & Gershon, R. (2014) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s135561771400040x · Cited by 196
Kinateder, M. T., Kuligowski, E. D., Reneke, P. A., & Peacock, R. D. (2015) · Fire Science Reviews · doi:10.1186/s40038-014-0005-z · Cited by 212
Perceived disorientation: an examination of a new measure to assess web design effectiveness
Ahuja, J. S., & Webster, J. (2001) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/s0953-5438(01)00048-0 · Cited by 182
A Conceptual History of Personality Psychology
McAdams, D. P. (1997) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012134645-4/50002-0 · Cited by 189
The assessment of anxiety by physiological behavioral measures.
Martin, B. (1961) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0045492 · Cited by 187
Empowerment Theory: Clarifying the Nature of Higher‐Order Multidimensional Constructs
Peterson, N. A. (2014) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-013-9624-0 · Cited by 180
McKeown, T. J. (1999) · International Organization · doi:10.1162/002081899550841 · Cited by 179
Cultural similarities and differences in medical professionalism: a multi‐region study
Chandratilake, M. N., McAleer, S., & Gibson, J. A. G. (2012) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04153.x · Cited by 183
Development and initial validation of the Response to Stressful Experiences Scale.
Johnson, D. C., Polusny, M. A., Erbes, C. R., King, D., King, L., Litz, B., Schnurr, P., Friedman, M., Pietrzak, R., & Southwick, S. (2011) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-10-00258 · Cited by 158
On the Validation of Lifestyle Traits: A Review and Illustration
Lastovicka, J. L. (1982) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378201900112 · Cited by 180
Personality and sexual relations.
Snyder, M., Simpson, J. A., & Gangestad, S. W. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.1.181 · Cited by 180
"Negative Symptoms": Conceptual and Methodological Problems
Sommers, A. (1985) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/11.3.364 · Cited by 180
The Effects of Participation Rate on the Internal Reliability of Peer Nomination Measures
Marks, P. E. L., Babcock, B., Cillessen, A. H. N., & Crick, N. R. (2013) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2012.00661.x · Cited by 179
Evaluation of computerized text analysis in an Internet breast cancer support group
Alpers, G. W., Winzelberg, A. J., Classen, C. C., Roberts, H., Dev, P., Koopman, C., & Taylor, C. B. (2004) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2004.02.008 · Cited by 188
Eby, L. T. D. T., Durley, J. R., Evans, S. C., & Ragins, B. R. (2008) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.2.358 · Cited by 179
Bauer, D. J., & Curran, P. J. (2003) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.8.3.384 · Cited by 179
Beyond family-friendly: The construct and measurement of singles-friendly work culture
Casper, W. J., Weltman, D., & Kwesiga, E. N. (2007) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2007.01.001 · Cited by 179
Cardiac-disease-induced PTSD (CDI-PTSD): A systematic review
Vilchinsky, N., Ginzburg, K., Fait, K., & Foa, E. B. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.04.009 · Cited by 184
Psychometric High-risk Paradigm, Perceptual Aberrations, and Schizotypy: An Update
Lenzenweger, M. F. (1994) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/20.1.121 · Cited by 179
Procedures for Assessing the Validities of Tests Using the "Known-Groups" Method
Hattie, J., & Cooksey, R. (1984) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662168400800306 · Cited by 178
Robustness, Reliability, and Overdetermination (1981)
Wimsatt, W. C. (2012) · Boston studies in the philosophy of science · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2759-5_2 · Cited by 178
Reichert, M., Giurgiu, M., Koch, E. D., Wieland, L. M., Lautenbach, S., Neubauer, A., von Haaren‐Mack, B., Schilling, R., Timm, I., Notthoff, N., et al. (2020) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101742 · Cited by 197
The individual risk assessment of terrorism.
Monahan, J. T. (2011) · Psychology Public Policy and Law · doi:10.1037/a0025792 · Cited by 196
Clinimetric Criteria for Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
Carrozzino, D., Patierno, C., Guidi, J., Montiel, C. B., Cao, J., Charlson, M. E., Christensen, K. S., Concato, J., Cuevas, C. D. L., de León, J., et al. (2021) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000516599 · Cited by 185
Assumptions of the Two-Step Approach to Latent Variable Modeling
Fornell, C., & Yi, Y. (1992) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124192020003001 · Cited by 178
Toward the integration of classification theory and methods.
Skinner, H. A. (1981) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.90.1.68 · Cited by 178
Perry, C. (2000) · The Marketing Review · doi:10.1362/1469347002530790 · Cited by 177
Meehl, P. E. (2004) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.113.1.39 · Cited by 177
Self-citationAarstad, J., Kvitastein, O. A., & Jakobsen, S. (2016) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2016.01.013 · Cited by 177
Development, validation and translation of psychological tests
Fenn, J., Tan, C., & George, S. (2020) · BJPsych Advances · doi:10.1192/bja.2020.33 · Cited by 177
Kitsis, A. M., & Chen, I. J. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128258 · Cited by 198
Validity of physical activity measures in ambulatory individuals with multiple sclerosis
Motl, R. W., McAuley, E., Snook, E. M., & Scott, J. A. (2006) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280600551476 · Cited by 182
Certification Testing as an Illustration of Argument-Based Validation
Kane, M. T. (2004) · Measurement Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives · doi:10.1207/s15366359mea0203_1 · Cited by 177
General overview of the theories used in assessment: AMEE Guide No. 57
Schuwirth, L., & van der Vleuten, C. P. M. (2011) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2011.611022 · Cited by 188
Moseley, A. M., Rahman, P., Wells, G. A., Zadro, J. R., Sherrington, C., Toupin‐April, K., & Brosseau, L. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222770 · Cited by 188
Recommendations for improving the construct clarity of higher-order multidimensional constructs
Johnson, R. E., Rosen, C. C., Chang, C.-H. D., Djurdjevic, E., & Taing, M. U. (2011) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2011.11.006 · Cited by 175
Definition and measurement of guilt: Implications for clinical research and practice
Tilghman-Osborne, C., Cole, D. A., & Felton, J. W. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.007 · Cited by 179
Childbearing motivation and its measurement
Miller, W. B. (1995) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932000023087 · Cited by 175
Ejelöv, E., & Luke, T. J. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103937 · Cited by 175
Failures of response modulation: Impulsive behavior in anxious and impulsive individuals
Wallace, J. F., Newman, J. P., & Bachorowski, J. (1991) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/0092-6566(91)90003-9 · Cited by 175
A multiple study investigation of the dimensionality of job involvement
Blau, G. J. (1985) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/0001-8791(85)90050-8 · Cited by 175
Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Scale Validation in Communication Research
Levine, T. R. (2005) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/00036810500317730 · Cited by 174
Chorpita, B. F. (2002) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1014709417132 · Cited by 177
A Look Back and a Leap Forward: A Review and Synthesis of the Individual Work Performance Literature
Carpini, J. A., Parker, S. K., & Griffin, M. A. (2017) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2015.0151 · Cited by 217
Testing 40 predictions from the transtheoretical model
Velicer, W. F., Norman, G. J., Fava, J. L., & Prochaska, J. O. (1999) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00100-2 · Cited by 174
Consensus, Self‐Other Agreement, and Accuracy in Personality Judgment: An Introduction
Funder, D. C., & West, S. G. (1993) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00778.x · Cited by 175
Haeffel, G. J., Gibb, B. E., Metalsky, G. I., Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Hankin, B. L., Joiner, T. E., & Swendsen, J. D. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.12.001 · Cited by 184
Brand romance: a complementary approach to explain emotional attachment toward brands
Patwardhan, H., & Balasubramanian, S. K. (2011) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/10610421111148315 · Cited by 184
The meaning of personality test scores.
Hogan, R. T., & Nicholson, R. A. (1988) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.43.8.621 · Cited by 173
Fearless dominance and psychopathy: A response to Lilienfeld et al.
Lynam, D. R., & Miller, J. D. (2012) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/a0028296 · Cited by 172
Park, J., & Lennon, S. J. (2006) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/07363760610654998 · Cited by 173
Richardson, J. R. J., Peacock, S. J., Hawthorne, G., Iezzi, A., Elsworth, G. R., & Day, N. (2012) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-10-38 · Cited by 172
Wang, W., Yan, Y., Guo, Z., Hou, H., Garcia, M., Tan, X., Anto, E. O., Mahara, G., Zheng, Y., Li, B., et al. (2021) · The EPMA Journal · doi:10.1007/s13167-021-00253-2 · Cited by 183
Circular measurement redux: The analysis and interpretation of interpersonal circle profiles.
Gurtman, M. B., & Balakrishnan, J. D. (1998) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00154.x · Cited by 174
Hamm, R. J. (2001) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/089771501317095241 · Cited by 171
The problem with health measurement
Cano, S., Cano, S., & Hobart (2011) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s14399 · Cited by 171
Validating a nutrient profile model
Arambepola, C., Scarborough, P., & Rayner, M. (2007) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980007000377 · Cited by 170
Computerized Neurocognitive Scanning: II. The Profile of Schizophrenia
Gur, R. E. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00279-2 · Cited by 174
Development and Validation of the Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sports
Smith, R. E., Cumming, S. P., & Smoll, F. L. (2008) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200701790558 · Cited by 200
Lukyanenko, R., Maass, W., & Storey, V. C. (2022) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-022-00605-4 · Cited by 171
Refinement of a Chemistry Attitude Measure for College Students
Xu, X., & Lewis, J. E. (2011) · Journal of Chemical Education · doi:10.1021/ed900071q · Cited by 181
An Empirical Examination of the Construct Validity of Two Alternative Self-Control Measures
Marcus, B. (2003) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164403251329 · Cited by 170
Validity and Reliability of a Test of Playfulness
Bundy, A. C., Nelson, L., Metzger, M., & Bingaman, K. (2001) · The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research · doi:10.1177/153944920102100405 · Cited by 170
A Network Analysis of Leadership Theory
Meuser, J. D., Gardner, W. L., Dinh, J. E., Hu, J., Liden, R. C., & Lord, R. G. (2016) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206316647099 · Cited by 222
Smeekens, B. A., & Kane, M. J. (2016) · Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts · doi:10.1037/aca0000046 · Cited by 185
Kane, M. T. (2015) · Assessment in Education Principles Policy and Practice · doi:10.1080/0969594x.2015.1060192 · Cited by 170
Delis, D. C., Jacobson, M. W., Bondi, M. W., Hamilton, J. M., & Salmon, D. P. (2003) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617703960139 · Cited by 171
Confounded by Competencies? An Evaluation of the Evolution and Use of Competency Models.
Markus, L. H., Cooper-Thomas, H. D., & Allpress, K. N. (2005) · ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) · Cited by 164
Toward an assessment of perceived HRM system strength: scale development and validation
Delmotte, J., Winne, S. D., & Sels, L. (2011) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.579921 · Cited by 168
Personality Testing and Industrial–Organizational Psychology: Reflections, Progress, and Prospects
Hough, L. M., & Oswald, F. L. (2008) · Industrial and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1754-9434.2008.00048.x · Cited by 181
Distinguishing Perceived Competence and Self-Efficacy: An Example From Exercise
Rodgers, W. M., Markland, D. A., Selzler, A., Murray, T. C., & Wilson, P. M. (2014) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2014.961050 · Cited by 207
Emotional complexity: Clarifying definitions and cultural correlates.
Grossmann, I., Huynh, A. C., & Ellsworth, P. C. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000084 · Cited by 185
Beaufort, A. (2004) · Research in the Teaching of English · doi:10.58680/rte20044467 · Cited by 169
Measuring new product success: an empirical investigation of Australian SMEs
Huang, X., Soutar, G. N., & Brown, A. J. (2003) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/s0019-8501(03)00034-8 · Cited by 168
The lexical fallacy in emotion research: Mistaking vernacular words for psychological entities.
Fiske, A. P. (2019) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000174 · Cited by 175
Surveying Pornography Use: A Shaky Science Resting on Poor Measurement Foundations
Kohut, T., Balzarini, R. N., Fisher, W. A., Grubbs, J. B., Campbell, L., & Prause, N. (2019) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2019.1695244 · Cited by 166
Recent Assessments of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Carlson, J. G. (1985) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4904_3 · Cited by 168
On the use of “borrowed” scales in cross‐national research
Douglas, S. P., & Nijssen, E. J. (2003) · International Marketing Review · doi:10.1108/02651330310505222 · Cited by 171
The measurement of nonverbal immediacy
Andersen, J. F., Andersen, P. A., & Jensen, A. D. (1979) · Journal of Applied Communication Research · doi:10.1080/00909887909365204 · Cited by 183
TQM across multiple countries:Convergence HypothesisversusNational Specificityarguments
Rungtusanatham, M. J., Forza, C., Koka, B. R., Salvador, F., & Nie, W. (2004) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/j.jom.2004.10.002 · Cited by 168
A Review of occupation-based social classifications for social survey research
Connelly, R., Gayle, V., & Lambert, P. (2016) · Methodological Innovations · doi:10.1177/2059799116638003 · Cited by 166
Trousselard, M., Steiler, D., Dutheil, F., Claverie, D., Canini, F., Fenouillet, F., Naughton, G., Stewart-Brown, S., & Franck, N. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.050 · Cited by 152
Theoretical and empirical concerns regarding the dark triad as a construct
Glenn, A. L., & Sellbom, M. (2015) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2014_28_162 · Cited by 153
Exploring Personality with the Interpersonal Circumplex
Gurtman, M. B. (2009) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00172.x · Cited by 271
Acceptance: An Historical and Conceptual Review
Williams, J. C., & Lynn, S. J. (2010) · Imagination, Cognition and Personality · doi:10.2190/ic.30.1.c · Cited by 155
MacKillop, J., Anderson, E. J., Castelda, B. A., Mattson, R. E., & Donovick, P. J. (2006) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-006-9021-9 · Cited by 146
Psychological measurement and the replication crisis: Four sacred cows
Lilienfeld, S. O., & Strother, A. N. (2020) · Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/cap0000236 · Cited by 144
Przybylski, A. K., Orben, A., & Weinstein, N. (2020) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2019.06.017 · Cited by 142
A review of instruments developed to measure food neophobia
Damsbo-Svendsen, M., Frøst, M. B., & Olsen, A. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.032 · Cited by 145
Causadias, J. M., Vitriol, J. A., & Atkin, A. L. (2018) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000099 · Cited by 142
Krieglstein, F., Beege, M., Rey, G. D., Sanchez-Stockhammer, C., & Schneider, S. (2023) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-023-09738-0 · Cited by 139
“Besides the evaluation of the proposed cognitive load questionnaire with its latent structure, the second objective was to test for construct validity defined as the embedding of the measure in a nomological network with other, theoretically aligned variables (Cronbach and Meehl, 1955).”
MethodSLBS-6: Validation of a Short Form of the Servant Leadership Behavior Scale
Sendjaya, S., Eva, N., Butar Butar, I., Robin, M., & Castles, S. (2019) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3594-3 · Cited by 172
Toward a richer view of the scientific method: The role of conceptual analysis
Machado, A., & Silva, F. J. (2007) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.7.671 · Cited by 138
Metadata
- Authors
- Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1955-07
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 281-302
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W1964218847
- Cited by
- 11,195
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 487 · 2025: 408 · 2024: 463 · 2023: 491 · 2022: 496 · 2021: 581 · 2020: 545 · 2019: 496 · 2018: 452 · 2017: 443 · 2016: 438 · 2015: 427 · 2014: 396 · 2013: 380 · 2012: 354
- FWCI
- 33.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › General Psychology › Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
- Keywords
- construct validity, psychological tests, test validity, psychometrics, measurement theory
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Psychological Tests
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
