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They saw a game: A case study
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“Princeton students saw the Dartmouth team commit twice as many flagrant penalties and three times as many mild penalties as their own team.Dartmouth students, on the other hand, recorded an approximately equal number of penalties by both teams.”
From Explaining Bargaining Impasse: The Role of Self-Serving Biases (1997) · cites this paper as Hastorf and Cantril (1954)
In the citing paper
“The self-serving bias affects not only individuals' evaluations of themselves, but also of groups they are affiliated with.”
From Explaining Bargaining Impasse: The Role of Self-Serving Biases (1997) · cites this paper as Hastorf and Cantril (1954)
In the citing paper
“Participants who did not receive a self-aYrmation judged the activist who shared their convictions more favorably than the activist who did not (see also Hastorf & Cantril, 1954).”
From The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory (2006) · cites this paper as Hastorf & Cantril, 1954
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“Perceiving intergroup situations through the lens of group affiliation is a well-established psychological phenomenon, dating back to the classic study of football fans who saw dramatically different versions of the same rivalry game (Hastorf & Cantril, 1954).”
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“…team (or player) corresponds with a tendency to attribute successes of that team or player to skill and failures to ‘externalities’ such as bad luck, unfair officiating, etc. (e.g. Hastorf and Cantril 1954; Wann et al. 2006) with inverse opinions of the successes/failures of perceived rivals.”
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“Such strong social identification has shown to systematically influence memory for events via modulation of emotional reactions (Botzung et al., 2010), rehearsal of event details (Talarico & Moore, 2012), and causal attributions (Hastorf & Cantril, 1954).”
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“Evaluations are influenced heavily by the target’s perceived goals and intentions (Hastorf & Cantril, 1954; Heider, 1958; Kunda, 1987; Moskowitz & Olcaysoy, 2016).”
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“…to predict future outcomes, they frequently overweigh preconceived notions, emotions, and expectations relative to objective situational information, which impairs the accuracy of their assessment about future outcomes (Alloy & Tabachnik, 1984; Hastorf & Cantril, 1954; Nisbett & Ross, 1980).”
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Generalization of the Negativity Effect to Self-Attributions
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“(Hastorf & Cantril, 1954; Headey & Wearing, 1988; Brown, 1991). The upshot is that positive behaviors should have a stronger association with trait attributions than negative behaviors when people make trait attributions about themselves. In contrast, there is literature suggesting that negative behaviors, at least in…”
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“…study demonstrated that the conflict between two rival Ivy League schools’ football fans was owed in large part to the two groups’ opposite perceptions of the game – each convinced that the majority of the penalties and dirty plays were from the opposing team (Hastorf and Cantril, 1954).”
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“Hastorf and Cantrill (1954), for instance, found that the perception of fairness and unfairness of behavior during a football match was affected by the judges’ group membership.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hastorf, A. H., & Cantril, H.
- Venue
- The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1954-01
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 129-134
- ISSN
- 0096-851X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4254129346
- Cited by
- 882
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 3.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Education › Physical education and sports games research
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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