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They saw a game: A case study
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“Princeton students saw the Dartmouth team commit twice as many flagrant penalties and three times as many mild penalties as their own team.Dartmouth students, on the other hand, recorded an approximately equal number of penalties by both teams.”
From Explaining Bargaining Impasse: The Role of Self-Serving Biases (1997) · cites this paper as Hastorf and Cantril (1954)
In the citing paper
“The self-serving bias affects not only individuals' evaluations of themselves, but also of groups they are affiliated with.”
From Explaining Bargaining Impasse: The Role of Self-Serving Biases (1997) · cites this paper as Hastorf and Cantril (1954)
In the citing paper
“Participants who did not receive a self-aYrmation judged the activist who shared their convictions more favorably than the activist who did not (see also Hastorf & Cantril, 1954).”
From The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory (2006) · cites this paper as Hastorf & Cantril, 1954
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The Secrecy Heuristic: Inferring Quality from Secrecy in Foreign Policy Contexts
Travers, M., Boven, L. V., & Judd, C. M. (2013) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12042 · Cited by 14
“Just as partisans can interpret the same information differently based on their partisan stance (Hastorf & Cantril, 1954; Vallone, Ross, & Lepper, 1985), people who believe information is secret may interpret that information differently—with greater credulity, for example—than do people who…”
BackgroundBrahms, K. S., & Schmitt, M. (2017) · Social Justice Research · doi:10.1007/s11211-017-0285-2 · Cited by 14
Eyewitness Evidence and Testimony
Williams, K. D., Loftus, E. F., & Deffenbacher, K. A. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-4038-7_8 · Cited by 14
An Appraisal Theory of Empathy and Other Vicarious Emotional ExperiencesPreprint
Wondra, J. D., & Ellsworth, P. C. (2017) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ejms8
Scaffolding Motivated CognitionPreprint
Williams, D. (2023) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/7m4r3 · Cited by 15
Friend, W., & Malhotra, D. K. (2019) · Negotiation Journal · doi:10.1111/nejo.12299 · Cited by 14
Wagner‐Egger, P., Gygax, P. M., & Lambert, F. R. (2012) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/05.07.17.pms.114.1.275-289 · Cited by 13
“For example, Hastorf and Cantril (1954) showed that American soccer fans of two competing teams evaluated infractions of the rules, while watching the same match, in favour of their own team—exemplifying the process by which people favour the behaviours and perceptions of the members of their own…”
BackgroundEmbodied cognitive ecosophy: the relationship of mind, body, meaning and ecology
Jones, D. (2017) · Geografiska Annaler Series B Human Geography · doi:10.1080/04353684.2017.1306971 · Cited by 13
“This centrism is utterly human and appears to simply be a common sense subjectivity (Hastorf and Cantril 1954), leading to ‘multiple readings of reality’ (Charmaz 2000).”
BackgroundÖkten, I. O., & Moskowitz, G. B. (2019) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2611 · Cited by 13
The Influence of Arousal and Expectation on Eyewitness Memory in a Virtual Environment
Kim, K., Park, K. K., & Lee, J.-H. (2014) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2013.0638 · Cited by 13
“22 As mentioned above, previous studies on unexpected stimuli have generally focused on memory for certain unexpected objects within a scene.”
Understanding Errors, Biases That Can Affect Journalists
Stocking, S. H., & Gross, P. H. (1989) · Journalism & Mass Communication Educator · doi:10.1177/107769588904400101 · Cited by 13
Farmer, A., & Pecorino, P. (2000) · International Review of Law and Economics · doi:10.1016/s0144-8188(00)00033-8 · Cited by 12
“4 Among many studies, they cite one by Hastorf and Cantril (1954), who find that when Princeton and Dartmouth fans were shown a tape of the same Dartmouth-Princeton football game, they came up with different estimates about the numbers of penalties committed by both sides.”
BackgroundCampbell, W. K., Hyatt, C. S., Lynam, D. R., & Miller, J. (2017) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/s6bt8 · Cited by 13
Bai, H. (2022) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672221121381 · Cited by 13
“Just like how sports fans judge games in ways that fit their own narratives (Hastorf & Cantril, 1954), partisans can see political information in ways that favor their own parties.”
BackgroundHow Self-Justification Indirectly Drives Escalation of Commitment
Steinkühler, D., Mahlendorf, M. D., & Brettel, M. (2014) · Schmalenbach Business Review · doi:10.1007/bf03396905 · Cited by 13
Detecting salary discrimination against male and female managers
Rutte, C. G., & Messick, D. M. (1996) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(199609)26:5 · Cited by 9
Yang, I., & Li, M. (2017) · European Management Journal · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2017.03.013 · Cited by 16
“Additionally, followers’ power dependence (Emerson, 1972) as well as leaders’ role expectations and subsequent selective perception (Hastorf & Cantril, 1954) could further explain leader–members’ perceptual distance.”
BackgroundThe Cognitive and Social Psychological Bases of Bias in Forensic Mental Health Judgments
Neal, T. M. S., Hight, M., Howatt, B. C., & Hamza, C. (2018) · Advances in psychology and law · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75859-6_5 · Cited by 15
Barisione, M. (2019) · Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica · doi:10.1017/ipo.2019.28 · Cited by 10
“…processing and political judgments can be driven, for instance, by partisan sentiment, as in the classical notion of ‘selective perception’ (Hastorf and Cantril, 1954), so that perception and evaluation of party leaders, policy proposals, and political issues (such as immigration or…”
BackgroundPartisanship and the status quo
Kray, L. J., & Robinson, R. J. (2001) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.40 · Cited by 12
McPhail, C., & Tucker, C. W. (1990) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764290034001008 · Cited by 12
Expanded taxonomies of human memory
Finley, J. R. (2025) · Frontiers in Cognition · doi:10.3389/fcogn.2024.1505549 · Cited by 17
“On a smaller scale, fans of two rival football teams who watched the same video of a game came to different conclusions about which side played rough (Hastorf and Cantril, 1954).”
Cognição Social: Fundamentos, formulaçõees actuais e perspectivas futuras
Garrido, M. V., Azevedo, C., & Palma, T. A. (1969) · Psicologia · doi:10.17575/rpsicol.v25i1.282 · Cited by 18
Derreumaux, Y., Shamsian, K., & Hughes, B. (2022) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105304 · Cited by 15
Stone, C. B., Luminet, O., & Takahashi, M. (2015) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.3106 · Cited by 11
“Numerous studies have found that the way fans appraised the outcome of a sporting event shaped the way they remembered it (Breslin & Safer, 2011; Hastorf & Cantril, 1954; Talarico & Moore, 2012; see also Sahdra & Ross, 2007).”
Miller, P. K., Rowe, L., Cronin, C., & Bampouras, T. M. (2012) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2011.641062 · Cited by 13
“…diverse impressions that fans, scouts, coaches and so forth appear able to form regarding ‘what actually happened’ during a single sporting event have, after all, been a major focus for the social psychology of sport since the famous Dartmouth-Princeton football study by Hastorf and Cantril (1954).”
Whannel, G. (2005) · International Journal of Cultural Studies · doi:10.1177/1367877905058342 · Cited by 11
Treadway, M., & McCloskey, M. E. (1989) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.2350030106 · Cited by 11
Leading Again for the First Time
Souba, C. (2009) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2009.09.018 · Cited by 11
“’’ In an attempt to make sense of the millions of sensory inputs we are bombarded with every second, we only process a small fraction by selectively filtering them and integrating them to fit our understanding of the world [13, 14].”
BackgroundCoaches, drama, and technology: Mediation of super bowl broadcasts from 1969 to 1997
Mullen, L. J., & Mazzocco, D. W. (2000) · Critical Studies in Media Communication · doi:10.1080/15295030009388400 · Cited by 11
Attending to identities: Ideology, group memberships, and perceptions of justice
Clayton, S. (2008) · Advances in group processes · doi:10.1016/s0882-6145(08)25011-3 · Cited by 11
Consumers' Evaluations of Genetically Modified Food Messages
Ruth, T. K., & Rumble, J. N. (2019) · Journal of Applied Communications · doi:10.4148/1051-0834.2193 · Cited by 12
“Essentially, these individuals will interpret events or communication to align with their own attitudes and beliefs about the issue despite how they objectively align with their attitude (Edwards & Smith, 1996; Hastorf & Cantril, 1954; Hovland, Harvey & Sherif, 1957).”
BackgroundA Causal Role for Negative Affect: Misattribution in Biased Evaluations of Scientific Information
Munro, G. D., Stansbury, J. A., & Tsai, J. (2010) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2010.499707 · Cited by 12
“…Steele, 2000; Koehler, 1993; Mahoney, 1977; Munro & Ditto, 1997; Munro, Leary, & Lasane, 2004) and nonscientific information (Edwards & Smith, 1996; Hastorf & Cantril, 1954; Hulsizer, Munro, Fagerlin, & Taylor, 2004; McHoskey, 1995; Munro et al., 2002; Plous, 1991; Pomerantz, Chaiken, &…”
Lyubykh, Z., Barclay, L. J., Fortin, M., Bashshur, M. R., & Khakhar, M. (2022) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2022.100177 · Cited by 11
Belief and Belief Formation: Insights from Delusions
Connors, M. H., & Halligan, P. W. (2017) · New approaches to the scientific study of religion · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50924-2_11 · Cited by 14
When mutations meet motivations: Attitude biases in counterfactual thought
Crawford, M. T., & McCrea, S. M. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-1031(03)00062-3 · Cited by 10
“Past research has shown that attitudes can influence judgments and memory in a manner that reinforces the pre-exiting attitude (Fazio, Roskos-Ewoldsen, & Powell, 1994; Hastorf & Cantril, 1954; Lord, Ross, & Lepper, 1979).”
BackgroundEvidentialism and belief polarization
McWilliams, E. C. (2019) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-019-02515-z · Cited by 10
MEmoFC: introducing the Multilingual Emotional Football Corpus
Braun, N., van der Lee, C., Gatti, L., Goudbeek, M. B., & Krahmer, E. (2020) · Language Resources and Evaluation · doi:10.1007/s10579-020-09508-2 · Cited by 12
“Interestingly, these findings connect to an early study conducted by Hastorf and Cantril (1954), which deals with how different perspectives on a football game between Princeton and Dartmouth influenced viewers’ perceptions of the game itself.”
ResultInteractions Between Physicians and Industry: A Guide for Clinicians
Jibson, M. D. (2007) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/foc.5.4.foc398 · Cited by 10
Faculty attitudes toward student evaluation of teaching
McMartin, J. A., & Rich, H. E. (1979) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/bf00975638 · Cited by 10
“An example of this is found in the classic study of Hastorf and Cantril (1954). They investigated opinions about what happened at a football game between Dartmouth and Princeton.”
BackgroundBeyond the correspondence metaphor: When accuracy cannot be assessed
Newby, I. R., & Ross, M. (1996) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00042321 · Cited by 10
Assessing Uncertainty in Physical Constants
Henrion, M., & Fischhoff, B. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.039 · Cited by 10
The people’s game: evolutionary perspectives on the behavioural neuroscience of football fandom
Butler, M., Brar, G., Abed, R., & O'Connell, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1517295 · Cited by 9
“Football fans are notoriously biassed towards their own teams (Na et al., 2019), as evidenced by perceptions of the number of fouls committed (Hastorf and Cantril, 1954), and overall contribution of their team to a match (Huff et al., 2017).”
Connor, P., Stancato, D. M., Yıldırım, U., Lee, S. M., & Chen, S. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2020.103967 · Cited by 8
On the temporal dynamics of causal attribution in competitive sport
Allen, M. S. (2010) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/17509840903301181 · Cited by 9
“This has been shown through several investigations into the attributions of sport fans (Hastorf & Cantril, 1954; Madrigal & Chen, 2008) and sports coaches (Grove, Hanrahan, & McInman, 1991), with success primarily attributed to the supported team and failure attributed to external factors.”
BackgroundNot in my back yard: Egocentrism and climate change skepticism across the globe
Pelham, B. W. (2018) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2018.09.004 · Cited by 10
Neural Correlates of Group Bias During Natural Viewing
Andrews, T. J., Smith, R., Hoggart, R. L., Ulrich, P., & Gouws, A. D. (2018) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhy206 · Cited by 9
Ionescu, S., Hannák, A., & Joseph, K. (2021) · ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT) · doi:10.1145/3442188.3445904 · Cited by 12
Media Stereotypes in Teacher Role Definition
Gunderson, D., & Haas, N. S. (1987) · Action in Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/01626620.1987.10519343 · Cited by 9
Morner, M., Renger, E. M., & Thiele, R. V. (2010) · International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics · doi:10.1504/ijbge.2010.035603 · Cited by 10
“The concept of ‘selective perception’ (Hasdorf and Cantril, 1954) similarly assumes that individuals perceive information selectively in ways that are congruent with their individual needs and values.”
BackgroundPark, G., Bavel, J. J. V., Hill, L. K., Williams, D. P., & Thayer, J. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161426 · Cited by 7
“Social identities can shape a wide range of social and cognitive processes, including the interpretation of social events [11], face memory [12], and visual attention [13].”
The Use of Statistical Heuristics in Everyday Inductive Reasoning
Nisbett, R. E., Krantz, D. H., Jepson, C., & Kunda, Z. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.030 · Cited by 9
Moral Challenges for Psychologists Working in Psychology and Law
Allan, A. (2018) · Psychiatry Psychology and Law · doi:10.1080/13218719.2018.1473173 · Cited by 14
“…mechanisms that protect their self-worth and selfinterest (Babcock & Loewenstein, 1997; Babcock, Loewenstein, & Issacharoff, 1997; Epley & Caruso, 2004; Greenwald, Pickrell, & Farnham, 2002; Hastorf & Cantril, 1954) could influence their decisions (for a critial overview see Newell & Shanks, 2014).”
Practicing Medicine with Colleagues: Pitfalls from Social Psychology Science
Redelmeier, D. A., & Ross, L. D. (2019) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-019-04839-5 · Cited by 9
Experimental Investigation on the Elicitation of Subjective Distributions
Barrera-Causil, C., Correa, J. C., & Marmolejo‐Ramos, F. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00862 · Cited by 9
The correspondence metaphor of memory: Right, wrong, or useful?
Koriat, A., & Goldsmith, M. (1996) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00042394 · Cited by 9
Social Psychological Foundations of Clinical Psychology
Harvey, J. H., & Omarzu, J. (1998) · Comprehensive Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1016/b0080-4270(73)00179-6 · Cited by 10
“All in the Family” in Holland
Wilhoit, G. C., & de Bock, H. (1976) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1976.tb01939.x · Cited by 9
Competition and Constituents’ Polarization Online
Zavyalova, A. A., Callahan, C., Hubbard, T. D., & Zyung, J. D. (2023) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063231204867 · Cited by 7
“Because identifying and disidentifying constituents starkly differ in how they cognitively and emotionally connect to an organization, they perceive the same events differently (Hastorf & Cantril, 1954), thus engaging with the same organization in different ways.”
Confirmation bias: A barrier to community policing
Schlosser, M. D., Robbennolt, J. K., Blumberg, D. M., & Papazoglou, K. (2021) · Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being · doi:10.35502/jcswb.219 · Cited by 8
“Students’ perceptions and interpretations of the action on the field were influenced by their pre-existing preferences and loyalties (Hastorf & Cantril, 1954).”
BackgroundResampling reduces bias amplification in experimental social networks
Hardy, M. D., Thompson, B., Krafft, P. M., & Griffiths, T. L. (2023) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01715-5 · Cited by 11
Seeing Bias: Discrediting and Dismissing Accurate Attributions
Benforado, A., & Hanson, J. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737512.003.0019 · Cited by 8
Barisione, M. (2016) · International Journal of Public Opinion Research · doi:10.1093/ijpor/edw017 · Cited by 9
Rhetorical Framing in Planning: An Empirical Investigation of How Planners Discuss Density
Whittemore, A. H., & BenDor, T. K. (2018) · Journal of Planning Education and Research · doi:10.1177/0739456x18774824 · Cited by 8
Harbingers of foul play: A field study of gain/loss frames and regulatory fit in the NFL
Polman, E., Swol, L. M. V., & Hoban, P. R. (2020) · Judgment and Decision Making · doi:10.1017/s1930297500007166 · Cited by 8
“Notably, data drawn from football games have led to the discovery of well-established findings in psychology, such as motivated thinking and BIRGing (Cialdini et al., 1976; Hastorf & Cantril, 1954).”
BackgroundMetacognitive Labeling of Contentious Claims: Facts, Opinions, and Conspiracy Theories
Brotherton, R., & Son, L. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.644657 · Cited by 10
“This study builds on the growing body of research examining the motivated acceptance or rejection of controversial claims (Hastorf and Cantril, 1954; Kahan et al., 2012; Dunning, 2015; Ditto et al., 2019) by examining the metacognitive processes behind labeling claims as factual or opinion-based.”
BackgroundMaoz, I. (2010) · Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict · doi:10.1080/17467586.2010.531036 · Cited by 8
“…social psychological study of ‘‘They saw a game’’ demonstrated how partisan viewers of the same filmed American football match saw two radically different games in terms of what actually happened on the field: who won, who went by the rules, and who severely broke them (Hastorf & Cantril, 1954).”
BackgroundStone, C. B., Mercy, A., Licata, L., Klein, O., & Luminet, O. (2013) · Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2013.07.003 · Cited by 8
“The extant studies examining emories of sporting events suggest that social identity, defined ere in terms of team loyalty, matters (see, for example, Breslin Safer, 2011; Hastorf & Cantril, 1954; Talarico & Moore, 2012; ee also Sahdra & Ross, 2007).”
BackgroundResultPerrin, P. B., Smith, E. R., Trujillo, M. A., Rabinovitch, A. E., & Coy, A. E. (2017) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-017-0302-0 · Cited by 8
“…(e.g., capital punishment, Lord et al., 1979; presidential debates, Munro et al., 2002; Munro & Ditto, 1997) and non-political attitudes (e.g., mental health, Boysen & Vogel, 2007; a football game, Hastorf & Cantril, 1954) and is greatest for strongly held attitudes (Brannon et al., 2007).”
Support Theory: A Nonextensional Representation of Subjective Probability
Tversky, A., & Koehler, D. J. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.027 · Cited by 8
Bar‐Tal, D., Trew, K., Hameiri, B., Stevenson, C., & Nahhas, E. A. H. (2021) · Peace and Conflict Journal of Peace Psychology · doi:10.1037/pac0000547 · Cited by 8
"Toot- Toot" or spectator sports. Psychological and therapeutic implications
Proctor, R. C., & Eckerd, W. M. (1976) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/036354657600400205 · Cited by 8
Contexts and functions of retrieval
Winograd, E. (1996) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00042370 · Cited by 8
Gunther, A. C. (2017) · The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects · doi:10.1002/9781118783764.wbieme0068 · Cited by 8
Hirst, W., & Stone, C. B. (2015) · Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0304 · Cited by 8
Reysen, S., Plante, C. N., Chadborn, D. P., Roberts, S. E., & Gerbasi, K. C. (2021) · Leisure/Loisir · doi:10.1080/14927713.2021.1971553 · Cited by 7
“Hastorf and Cantril (1954) famously showed students from Dartmouth and Princeton a video of a football game between the two school teams to find that participants’ perception of violations were due to the other team.”
BackgroundBias in Psychology: A Critical, Historical and Empirical Review
Jussim, L. J., & Honeycutt, N. (2024) · Swiss Psychology Open · doi:10.5334/spo.77 · Cited by 9
Motivated level of construal: How temperature affects the construal level of state-relevant stimuli
Hansen, J., & Steinmetz, J. (2019) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-018-09750-w · Cited by 7
Braun, N., Goudbeek, M. B., & Krahmer, E. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217419 · Cited by 8
Age, Gender and One’s Perception of Discrimination Against Men Versus Women in Korea
Lee, Y. J., Na, J., & Kim, B. K. (2022) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941221149175 · Cited by 7
“Hastorf and Cantril (1954) found essentially the same pattern among students from Princeton and Dartmouth who watched a football game between them.”
The relationship between political ideology and judgements of bias in distributional outcomes
Kim, J., & Zauberman, G. S. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01779-3 · Cited by 7
“Indeed, ample evidence supports the notion that individuals examine and interpret relevant empirical evidence in a biased fashion, especially when the focal issue is complex and the underlying opinions are strongly held 7,9,11 .”
Stepanova, E. V., Strube, M., & Hetts, J. J. (2009) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00503.x · Cited by 7
Memory, metamemory, and conditional statistics
Bjork, R. A., & Wickens, T. D. (1996) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00042187 · Cited by 7
Tetlock, P. E. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.034 · Cited by 7
Seeing Red (or Blue): How Party Identity Colors Political Cognition
Goggin, S. N., & Theodoridis, A. G. (2018) · The Forum · doi:10.1515/for-2018-0006 · Cited by 7
Protracted Asymmetrical Conflict Erodes Standards for Avoiding Civilian Casualties.
Wolfe, R. J., & Darley, J. M. (2005) · Peace and Conflict Journal of Peace Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327949pac1101_6 · Cited by 6
Selective Perception and its Impact on the Evaluation of Radio Sports Play-By-Play Announcers
McGuire, J. (2002) · Journal of Radio Studies · doi:10.1207/s15506843jrs0901_6 · Cited by 7
Overconfidence and Self-Serving Bias
Moosa, I. A., & Ramiah, V. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69389-7_3 · Cited by 7
Olympic Games Participation and Warfare
Keefer, R., Goldstein, J. H., & Kasiarz, D. (1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5530-7_11 · Cited by 7
The one-of-us effect in decision evaluation
Lipshitz, R., Gilad, Z., & Suleiman, R. (2001) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/s0001-6918(00)00072-x · Cited by 7
Alterman, R. (1996) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00042138 · Cited by 7
Collective Memory, Psychology of
Coman, A. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.32021-9 · Cited by 7
Brodeur, J. F., Schellenberg, B. J. I., & Tamminen, K. A. (2023) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102506 · Cited by 6
What is the folk concept of discrimination? Discriminators and comparators
Lippert‐Rasmussen, K., Serritzlew, S., Laustsen, L., et al. (2024) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2024.2310616 · Cited by 6
“…Hewstone et al., 2002 for a review) and, for that reason, are more disposed to think that a disadvantageous treatment in an intergroup context is discriminatory than they are to think that a disadvantageous treatment in an intragroup context is (Hastorf & Cantril, 1954; Molenberghs et al., 2013).”
Bernstein, A., & Mandelzis, L. (2009) · Sport in Society · doi:10.1080/17430430903076340 · Cited by 6
What Is Cultural Cognition, and Why Does It Matter?
Rachlinski, J. J. (2021) · Annual Review of Law and Social Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-011921-060754 · Cited by 6
Platow, M. J., Knight, C. G., Rooy, D. V., Augoustinos, M., Bar‐Tal, D., & Spears, R. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286063 · Cited by 8
Hart, W., Tullett, A. M., Shreves, W. B., & Fetterman, Z. (2015) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2014.12.003 · Cited by 6
RetractedWanderer, J. J. (2015) · Empirical Studies of the Arts · doi:10.1177/0276237415594711 · Cited by 6
Remembering a visit to the psychology lab: Implications of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Davidson, P. S. R., Cooper, L., & Taler, V. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.029 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Hastorf, A. H., & Cantril, H.
- Venue
- The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1954-01
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 129-134
- ISSN
- 0096-851X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4254129346
- Cited by
- 882
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 3.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Education › Physical education and sports games research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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