Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and health: Paradigm paralysis or paradigm shift?
Open accessAbstract
Perhaps the greatest barriers to achieving major public health advances in the 21st century will result from pandemic paradigm paralysis or the widespread inability to envision alternative or new models of thinking. One potential example of this phenomenon could turn out to be the continued focus on moderate and vigorous physical activity as the dominant health-related aspect of human movement. The current model of physical activity and health is well supported by over 60 years of scientific inquiry, and the beneficial effects of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity have been more clearly defined in recent years (1–4). However, if we are complacent with the existing paradigm—that increasing levels of moderate and vigorous levels of physical activity will result in the greatest improvements in public health—then we may not obtain the full return on investment with respect to improving quality of life and life expectancy through patterns of human movement. Emerging evidence for the role of sedentary behavior on health, which may be independent of physical activity per se, finds us at a crossroad with respect to prescribing optimal daily human movement patterns for health. Human movement represents a complex behavior that is influenced by personal motivation, health and mobility issues, genetic factors, and the social and physical environments in which people live. These factors undoubtedly exert an influence on the propensity to engage in sedentary behaviors as well as in physical activity. However, the biological, social, and environmental pathways leading to sedentary behavior versus physical activity may be different. Further, the health effects associated with sedentary behavior and physical activity may be the result of different biological mechanisms (5). ### Humans are designed for movement. Energy balance has been a central selective force throughout human evolutionary history, and humans have evolved to have high levels of energy expenditure, even more so than modern nonhuman primates …
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Sedentary behavior is an independent health risk factor, separate from lack of physical activity, and is associated with successful aging, morbidity and mortality.
“Recently, an emergence of research in sedentary behavior (SB) has indicated that SB is an independent health risk factor, separate to lack of PA, associated with successful aging, morbidity and mortality [2,3,4].”
From Prevalence of Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Katzmarzyk, P. T.
- Affiliations
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Katzmarzyk, Peter T.
- ORCID
- Katzmarzyk, Peter T.
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2010-11-01
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2717-2725
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- PMC
- PMC2963526
- OpenAlex
- W2137622080
- Cited by
- 365
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 13.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Keywords
- physical activity, sedentary behavior, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, human movement, paradigm shift, energy balance, quality of life, life expectancy
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Animals, Attitude to Health, Brain, Health Status, Humans, Life Expectancy, Motor Activity, Movement, Technology, Hominidae, Exercise, Sedentary Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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